3种5-HT3受体拮抗剂预防肝癌患者介入治疗后恶心呕吐的疗效比较

目的:通过测定中药制剂参芪扶正注射液中Cu、Zn、Mn、Se、Mo、Fe、Cr、Ni、V、Sn、Pb、Cd、Hg、As等14种微量元素的含量,探讨该中药注射液中元素的分布是否存在某种规律性.方法:微波消解法制备供试品,电感耦合等离子体-质谱(ICP-MS)法测定.结果:参芪扶正注射液中Cu、Fe、Zn、Cr、Se的相对含量较高,有毒元素Pb、Cd、Hg、As中As含量接近美国FAD药品与功能性食品要求标准,Pb、Cd、Hg含量均明显低于最高限量.结论:测定结果为探讨中药制剂中微量元素与抗肿瘤作用的关系提供有用的数据.     

当归补血汤治疗家兔血吸虫病肝纤维化的组织病理学分析

目的 探讨当归补血汤对家兔血吸虫病肝纤维化的治疗作用.方法 家兔34只,体质量2.0～2.5kg.取感染日本血吸虫的钉螺,置于150 ml三角烧瓶内逸蚴,每只家兔经腹部皮肤感染血吸虫尾蚴100条.感染血吸虫后第13周开始,每周B超检查家兔肝脏.在感染18周后,当B超确定家兔肝发生了纤维化,将家兔按体质量随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组12只,治疗组按口服当归补血汤剂量分为高剂量组(50g/kg)和低剂量组(5 g/kg),每组11只.治疗组每天给药1次,连续给药10周,对照组不予治疗.在治疗开始时,3组家兔同时给吡喹酮进行杀虫治疗,吡喹酮剂量按300mg/kg,1次灌服.10周后解剖家兔,取出肝脏,HE染色,光镜下进行病理学观察,肝纤维化病理学分级采用Scheuer法.结果 家兔感染18周后,B超检查显示,肝实质粗网络状,高回声光带光斑,"地图样"改变,肝脏形态异常,门、脾静脉内径增宽,表明肝硬化动物模型复制成功.光镜下,高剂量组家兔肝脏有纤维化表现或轻度纤维化,肝脏汇管区扩大,周围少量纤维组织增生;低剂量组家兔肝脏轻微或中度纤维化,肝脏汇管区周围纤维组织增生明显,小叶结构保留;对照组家兔肝脏出现严重纤维化,肝脏汇管区周围大量的纤维组织增生,可见虫卵结节的分布.肝纤维化病理学分级组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.585,P<0.01);高剂量和低剂量组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01).结论 高剂量与低剂量当归补血汤对血吸虫病肝纤维化均有很好的治疗效果,对终止和逆转肝纤维化有一定的作用.     

大连市12种海产贝螺生物体中铅和镉含量的调查

目的测定大连沿海中鲍鱼、海螺、牡蛎等12种海产贝螺生物体中铅、镉的含量,分析贝螺生物体富集铅镉的能力。方法采用高氯酸-硝酸消化法消解试样,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定生物体样品中铅、镉的含量。结果FAAS法测定贝螺生物体中铅的含量为0.1323～2.199μg/g,镉的含量为0.1983～3.613μg/g。且同一生物体不同组织器官对铅、镉积累能力存在明显差异。结论贝螺生物体不同种属间铅镉含量存在差异,且常见的可以容易区分的内脏和肉的贝螺的不同组织对铅、镉富集能力存在差异。     

三种毒剧类中药中十五种微量元素含量分析

目的:分析三种毒剧类中药15种微量元素含量,探讨三种中药微量元素含量分布情况,为现代用药提供参考数据。方法:采用微波消解处理中药样品,电感耦合等离子体-质谱(ICP-MS)法进行元素含量测定。结果:三种毒剧类中药的十五种微量元素含量中,十种人体必需元素的含量差异很大,相差有的达1～2个数量级,马钱子和斑蝥不含硒元素;有毒元素铊、铅、镉、汞、砷含量较低。结论:三种毒剧类中药元素含量差异显著,可能与中药的性味功效有关,铊、铅、镉、汞、砷等有毒元素含量较低,马钱子和斑蝥对硒的富集能力很低。     

ICP-MS分析参芪扶正注射液中14种微量元素的含量

目的:建立复方二仙汤中盐酸小檗碱和总生物碱的含量测定方法.方法:小檗碱的含量测定应用Hy-persil-BDS C18色谱柱,甲醇-0.02 mol/L NaH2PO4-0.1 mol/L三乙胺(40:60:2)为流动相,检测波长为345nm;采用可见分光光度法于420 nm波长处测定总生物碱的含量.结果:盐酸小檗碱的线性范围为0.51～10.10μg/mL,r=0.999 9,回收率100.07%,RSD为0.4%;总生物碱线性范围为8.0～24.0μg/mL,r=0.999 8,回收率100.46%,RSD为0.58%.结论:该法操作简便、快速且结果准确,可用于该复方的质量控制.     

3种抗肿瘤中成药中10种人体必需微量元素的含量分析

目的:通过测定3种抗肿瘤中成药制剂中Cu、Zn、Mn、Se、Mo、Fe、Cr、Ni、v、Sn等10种人体必需微量元素的含量,探讨在抗肿瘤中成药中元素分布的某种规律性。方法:微波消解法制备供试品,电感耦合等离子体-质谱(ICP-MS)法测定。结果:3种抗肿瘤中成药中Fe、Zn、Cu、Cr、Se相对含量较高。结论:中成药中微量元素含量与抗肿瘤作用有一定关系。     

澳洲茄胺盐酸盐在三氧化二砷诱导的HeLa细胞凋亡中的作用及对细胞端粒酶活性的影响

目的 探讨澳洲茄胺盐酸盐(SBHL)在三氧化二砷(As2O3)诱导的HeLa细胞凋亡中的作用及对细胞端粒酶活性的影响.方法 采用细胞培养的方法体外培养宫颈癌HeLa细胞.用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法在SBHL(0,10,20,40,80,460,320 μmol/L)中筛选出最佳浓度.将HeLa细胞按1640培养液含As2O3和最佳SBHL浓度分为3组:对照组(0 μmol/L As2O3)、As2O3组(5 μmol/L As2O3)、As2O3+SBHL组(5μmoL/L As2O3+40μmol/L SBHL),培养时间分别为24、48、72 h.倒置显微镜下观察的HeLa细胞生长状况;透射电镜下观察HeLa细胞凋亡状况;MTT法检测HeLa细胞存活率;流式细胞术检测HeLa细胞周期和凋亡率;抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶-酶联免疫(TRAP-ELISA)法检测HeLa细胞端粒酶活性的变化.结果 倒置相差显微镜下,对照组HeLa细胞排列密集,细胞呈圆形;As2O3组细胞数量减少,细胞间距逐渐增大;As2O3+SBHL组细胞收缩明显,细胞核碎裂为花瓣状,细胞间隙变得更大.电镜下,对照组Hela细胞表面有丰富的微绒毛,细胞间隔清晰,可见幼稚连接,连接不紧密,细胞核内多为常染色体,核仁清晰,核浆比约1∶1;As2O3组细胞超微结构呈现典型的凋亡特征,核内异染色质增多,染色质浓缩成块状,边集于核膜;As2O3+SBHL组细胞表面的微绒毛断裂、减少,核致密,呈块状分布,可见到凋亡小体.细胞存活率在24、48、72 h,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(X2分别为10.39、13.88、17.21,P均<0.05);在72 h,As2O3+SBHL组细胞存活率(52.80%)明显低于As2O3组(77.51%,X2=9.29,P<0.05).细胞周期G1期、S期组间比较差异有统计学意义(F值分别为7.46、22.14,P均<0.05);与对照组[(41.57±1.56)%、(50.45±2.37)%]比较,As2O3组[(27.10±5.32)%]和As2O3+SBHL组[(20.06±4.98)%]S期细胞减少(P<0.05或<0.01),G1期细胞增加[(58.70±5.18)%、(69.67±4.17)%,P<0.05或<0.01].细胞凋亡率组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=4.01,P<0.05);与对照组[(1.18±1.40)%]比较,As2O3组[(6.04±2.53)%]和As2O3+SBHL组[(21.08±1.22)%]细胞凋亡率明显升高(P<0.05或<0.01),其中As2O3+SBHL组高于As2O3组(P<0.01).端粒酶活性组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=21.28,P<0.05);与对照组(2.107±0.057)比较,As2O3组(1.214±0.621)和As2O3+SBHL组(0.865±0.284)细胞端粒酶活性降低(P均<0.05),其中As2O3+SBHL组低于As2O3组(P<0.05).结论 SBHL能促进As2O3诱导HeLa细胞凋亡,并能通过抑制端粒酶活性促进As2O3诱导HeLa细胞凋亡.

Abstract：

Objective To study whether solasodine hydrochloride (SBHL) could enhance the effect of arsenic trioxide in inducing apoptosis and affecting telomerase activity in cervical cancer HeLa cells. Methods Using cell culture methods, cervical cancer HeLa cells were cultured in vitro. The optimal concentration of SBHL was determined by MTT method from 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, to 320 μmol/L. HeLa cells were grown in improved RPMI1640 supplemented respectively with arsenic trioxide(5 μmol/L As2O3), As2O3(5 μmol/L)+ SBHL( 40 μmol/L) and none (control group). The growth morphology of HeLa cells was observed under phase contrast microscopy after culture for 24, 48, and 72 h. Apoptosis of HeLa cells was determined under transmission electronic microscopy. The method of MTT was used to study the cell survival percentage. The technique of flow cytometry was used to measure cell cycle and cell apoptosis percentage. The method of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (TRAP-ELISA) was used to determine telomerase activity of HeLa cells. Results Under phase contrast microscopy, in control group HeLa cells were round, densely packed; in As2O3 group the numbers of the cells were less, cell spacing increased; in As2O3 + SBHL group the cells shrinked significantly, nuclear fragmented as a petal-like, gap became larger. Under transmission electronic microscopy, there were rich microvillus on the cell surface in control group, cell intervals clear, immature connections, and the intervals did not close. The structure of the mitochondria in the cytoplasm was integrated. Most of the chromatin in the nucleus were, euchromatin and characteristics of apoptosis with heterochromatin increased and the chromatin condensed into masses, on the boundary of nuclear membrane. The microvillud on the cell surface were ruptured and decreased in As2O3 + SBHL group. The chromatin condensed into masses. The formation of apoptotic bodies was observed. The difference was statistically significant between groups in cell survival percentage at 24, 48, 72h(x2 = 10.39 , 13.88 , 17.21,respectively, all P < 0.05). Cell survival percentage in SBHL + As2O3 group (52.80%) was significantly less than that of As2O3 group(77.51%, x2 = 9.29, P < 0.05) at 72 h. In cell cycles, the difference was statistically significant between groups in C1 phase and S phase(F = 7.46,22.14, all P < 0.05), respectively. Compared with , control group[ (41.57 ± 1.56)%, (50.45 ± 2.37)%], cell percentages in S phase in As2O3 + SBHL group[(20.06 ± 4.98)%] and As2O3 group[(27.10 ± 5.32)%] were decreased(P< 0.05 or < 0.01), while cell percentage in C1 phase was increased[(58.70 ± 5.18)%, (69.67 ± 4.17)%, P< 0.05 or < 0.01]. The difference was statistically significant between groups in apoptotic percentage of HeLa cells (F = 4.01, P < 0.05). Compared with control group[ (1.18 ± 1.40)%], apoptosis percentage was significantly increased in As2O3 + SBHL group and As2O3 group [(21.08± 1.22)%, (6.04±2.53)%, P< 0.05 or < 0.01], respectively, and As2O3 + SBHL group was higher than As2O3 group(P < 0.01). The difference was statistically significant between groups in telomerase activity (F = 21.28, P< 0.05). Telomerase activity was inhibited in As2O3 group(1.214 ± 0.621) and As2O3A + SBHL group(0.865 ± 0.284) compared to control group (2.107 ± 0.057, all P < 0.05), and telomerase activity in As2O3 + SBHL group was lower than that of As2O3 group (P < 0.05). Conclusions SBHL enhances the effect of As2O3 in inducing apoptosis in HeLa cells, which is related to its inhibiting telomerase activity in HeLa cells.     

浅谈卫校化学实验课教学

化学实验课是卫校教学中一门重要的基础实验课。其目的在于帮助学生加深对基本理论和基本概念的理解，训练动手能力和操作技能，并培养学生独立思考、分析问题和解决问题的能力，实现由知识到进行实际工作的初步转变，为后续医学课作良好准备。根据培养高素质实用型和技能型医学人才的卫校教学宗旨，作者作了如下的尝试。     

当归补血汤治疗家兔血吸虫病肝纤维化的组织病理学分析

Objective To evaluate the treatment effects on schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis with Dangguibuxue decoction.Methods Thirty-four rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were selected.The procedure for the model of schistosomiasis liver fibrosis was as follow.Thirty-four snails infected by schistosoma japonicum were placed in triangle flask to escape cercariain.Abdominal skin of each rabbit wag infected by 100 schistosoma japonicum cercariaes.All rabbits were housed in conventional cages at room temperature.After 13 weeks schistosoma japonicum infected,the rabbits'livers were examined by B-ultrasound examination every week.After 18 weeks of infection,B-ultrasound showed images of schistosomiasis liver fibrosis,the rabbits were thus identified as schistosomiasis liver fibrosis.Praziquantel Was as insecticide to treat rabbits.All rabbits were divided into treatment and control groups according to body weigh.The high and low dosage group were treated with Dangguibuxue decoction at 50 g/kg and 5 g/kg(n=11),respectively,and the control group with no treatment(n=12).Two groups were treated with Dangguibuxue decoction every day for 10 weeks.After 10 weeks of treatment,the rabbits were killed and the livers were obtained to go HE staining and histopathological examination under microscope.Results After 18 weeks of infection,B-ultrasound showed that the liver parenchyma Was coarse and net-shaped.having hyperechoie spots with lightbrand and facula.The liver's shape Was abnormal,portal and splenic vein diameter was widened.Histopathological examination showed that the high dosage group presented fibrosis,which was formed by collagen fiber extending to peripherM regions,low dosage group showed mild fibrosis,mild collagen fiber present with extension without compartment formation, while the control group presented severe fibrosis and severe collagen fiber present with a thickening of the partial compartments and the distribution of eggs nodules. The liver histopathological ranking results from different groups showed that the difference was significant (χ2= 13.585,P < 0.01), the difference between the treatment groups of high and low dosage and control group was significant,respectively(all P < 0.01 ). Conclusions The histopathology results showed that both high and low dosage Dangguibuxue decoction can reverse or eliminate schistosomiasis liver fibrosis in rabbits.     

三种毒剧类中药中十五种微量元素含量分析

目的：分析三种毒剧类中药15种微量元素含量，探讨三种中药微量元素含量分布情况，为现代用药提供参考数据。方法：采用微波消解处理中药样品，电感耦合等离子体一质谱（ICP—MS）法进行元素含量测定。结果：三种毒剧类中药的十五种微量元素含量中，十种人体必需元素的含量差异很大，相差有的达1～2个数量级，马钱子和斑蝥不含硒元素；有毒元素铊、铅、镉、汞、砷含量较低。结论：三种毒剧类中药元素含量差异显著，可能与中药的性味功效有关，铊、铅、镉、汞、砷等有毒元素含量较低，马钱子和斑蝥对硒的富集能力很低。