Association of Multimodal Pain Control with Patient-Reported Outcomes in Children Undergoing Surgery

IntroductionOur aim was to describe practices in multimodal pain management at US children's hospitals and evaluate the association between non-opioid pain management strategies and pediatric patient-reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsData were collected as part of the 18-hospital ENhanced Recovery In CHildren Undergoing Surgery (ENRICH-US) clinical trial. Non-opioid pain management strategies included use of preoperative and postoperative non-opioid analgesics, regional anesthetic blocks, and a biobehavioral intervention. PROs included perioperative nervousness, pain-related functional disability, health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 186 patients, 62 (33%) received preoperative analgesics, 186 (100%) postoperative analgesics, 81 (44%) regional anesthetic block, and 135 (73%) used a biobehavioral intervention. Patients were less likely to report worsened as compared to stable nervousness following regional anesthetic block (relative risk ratio [RRR]:0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.11–0.85), use of a biobehavioral technique (RRR:0.26, 95% CI:0.10–0.70), and both in combination (RRR:0.08, 95% CI:0.02–0.34). There were no associations of non-opioid pain control modalities with pain-related functional disability or HRQoL.ConclusionUse of postoperative non-opioid analgesics have been largely adopted, while preoperative non-opioid analgesics and regional anesthetic blocks are used less frequently. Regional anesthetic blocks and biobehavioral interventions may mitigate postoperative nervousness in children.Level of evidenceIII.     

Risk factors and management of stoma-related obstruction after laparoscopic colorectal surgery with diverting ileostomy

BackgroundStoma-related obstruction (SRO) is defined as small bowel obstruction occurring around the limbs of diverting ileostomy (DI). This study was aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and management of SRO after laparoscopic colorectal surgery with DI creation.MethodsThis study included 155 patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery with DI creation for rectal cancer (n = 138), ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 14), and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) (n = 3) between 2011 and 2019. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors of SRO.ResultsThe incidence of SRO was 7.7% (n = 12), and it was significantly lower (P < 0.01) in patients with lower anterior resection or intersphincteric resection (4.3%) than in those with ileal-pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) (35.2%). The multivariate analysis revealed that IPAA was independently associated with the development of SRO (P = 0.001; odds ratio, 9.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.5–35.4). Eleven of 12 patients (92%) with SRO required trans-stomal tube decompression, and 8 of those (67%) underwent early stoma closure.ConclusionIPAA was an independent risk factor of SRO in laparoscopic colorectal surgery with DI creation. Early stoma closure was needed in most cases of SRO.     

Robotic left-sided colorectal resection with natural orifice IntraCorporeal anastomosis with extraction of specimen: The NICE procedure. A pilot study of consecutive cases

Background

Despite numerous benefits, only a small fraction of laparoscopic left-sided colectomy is accomplished without the need for an abdominal incision to retrieve the specimen and prepare for anastomosis. We report our early experience with a robotic approach using Natural orifice IntraCorporeal anastomosis with Extraction of specimen (NICE) to help overcome the technical limitations and challenges of this approach.

腹腔镜下直肠癌保肛术治疗直肠癌的效果观察

目的探讨腹腔镜下直肠癌保肛术治疗直肠癌的效果。方法选定2018年9月-2019年4月本院收诊的94例直肠癌患者,等距抽样法分为对照组(47例,套入式吻合保肛术)与观察组(47例,腹腔镜下直肠癌保肛术)2组,比较2组排气时间、术中出血量、手术时间、并发症发生率指标。结果观察组排气时间、术中出血量、手术时间、并发症发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜下直肠癌保肛术可提高直肠癌患者预后质量与治疗效果。     

食管癌切除食管胃T形吻合与圆形吻合安全性的meta分析

目的比较食管癌切除食管胃吻合术中T形吻合与圆形吻合的安全性。 方法计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库及维普数据库中收录的有关食管癌切除食管胃T形吻合与圆形吻合的比较研究，检索时间为数据库建库至2020年2月1日，采用Stata12.0软件进行meta分析。 结果11篇文献共纳入987例食管癌手术患者，其中T形吻合组551例，圆形吻合组436例。Meta分析结果显示：相比较于圆形吻合组，T形吻合组的吻合口瘘[OR(95%CI)＝0.48(0.27～0.87)，P＝0.015]，吻合口狭窄[OR(95%CI)＝0.14(0.08～0.23)，P<0.001]及胃食管反流[OR(95%CI)＝0.54(0.35～0.84)，P＝0.006]的发生风险较低。 结论食管癌手术使用T形吻合方式可以降低术后吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄及胃食管反流的发生率。     

Use of the Covera Stent Graft for the Treatment of Dysfunctional or Thrombosed Arteriovenous Grafts: A Retrospective Analysis of 64 Patients

PurposeTo retrospectively evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Covera stent graft (SG) for the treatment of dysfunctional or thrombosed arteriovenous grafts (AVGs).Materials and MethodsWithin 29 months (February 2016–August 2018), 79 patients underwent Covera SG placement in the authors’ department for the treatment of dysfunctional AVGs. Data were available for 64 patients who underwent 64 procedures, using 64 devices. Minimum follow-up was 6 months, unless reintervention occurred. Mean follow-up was 277 days (6–923 days). Treatment characteristics were 51 cases with venous-graft anastomosis (VGA) stenosis (79.7%), 13 cases of puncture zone stenosis (20.3%), 14 cases of in SG stenosis (21.9%), 8 cases of pseudoaneurysm treatment (12.5%) (1 treatment area might have had more than 1 characteristic). Thirty-six patients presented with thrombosis (56.2%), and 31 of 64 case were de novo treatment areas (48.4%). Primary outcome measurements were technical success and post-intervention primary patency (PIPP) at 6 months, whereas secondary outcome measurements included factors influencing primary outcome.ResultsTechnical success was 100%. Median PIPP was 336 days, and 73.6% of treatment areas were patent at 6 months. There were no significant differences in terms of PIPP when de novo treatment areas were compared with restenotic areas (519 vs. 320 days, respectively; P = .1); patients who presented with versus those who presented without thrombosis (320 vs. 583 days, respectively; P = .07); puncture zone stenosis or elsewhere (329 vs. 686 days, respectively; P = .52); and VGA stenosis or elsewhere (336 vs. 335 days, respectively; P = .9).ConclusionsUse of the Covera SG for AVG treatment was safe and effective in every type of treatment area presented in this retrospective analysis.     

胃-食管预制机器人胸内手工分层吻合——一种胃-食管胸内吻合的新策略

目的报告胃-食管预制机器人胸内手工分层吻合（PRILA）的技术特点。 方法术前活检确诊为食管癌并愿意接受机器人辅助微创食管切除术（RAMIE）的患者为本研究纳入对象。胃食管吻合前预处理措施主要包括以下四方面：以胸骨角为标志在体外完成管状胃的预制；吻合前采用冷造口的方法在胃前壁造口；采取保护性胃包裹及传动法拖曳管状胃进入胸腔的方式；采用腔内阻断的方法夹闭食管近端，以减少吻合时食管端出血。术后每半年随访一次以追踪患者转归。 结果2018年9月至2019年7月，12名食管癌患者采用PRILA术式顺利完成了肿瘤切除及消化道重建，均未发生中转开胸。所有患者取得R0切除，术后均未发生吻合口瘘。术后住院时间平均9.9天，出院时所有患者可耐受半流质饮食，术后随访1年均未发生肿瘤复发或转移。 结论胃-食管PRILA在食管癌的外科治疗中安全可行。该术式通过对食管及管状胃的预处理，为术者提供了一个清晰的术野，保证了手术的流畅性和分层吻合的精确性。该方法为胸外科医师应对胃-食管胸内吻合的挑战提供了一条新策略。     

Training of deep microsurgical skill: Establishment of a high-volume intracranial carotid bypass model

ObjectiveTo establish a model for a high-volume intracranial carotid bypass operation.MethodsHigh-volume internal carotid-middle cerebral artery bypass was performed on 9 cadaver heads with arteries of porcine forearms as grafts by 6 residents with no previous experience in vascular anastomosis on cadavers. The intima was dissected immediately after the anastomoses were completed to observe the patency of anastomosis.ResultsAfter different duration periods of training using this model, 36 vascular anastomoses on 18 sides were successfully performed by the 6 residents with a self-made difficulty regulation device. As the difficulty level increased, the time needed for anastomosis lengthened and patency rate showed a decreasing trend. As the amount of training increased, the residents were able to decrease the amount of time to complete the operation with increasing patency rates.ConclusionsThe model of high-volume internal carotid-middle cerebral artery bypass with arteries of porcine forearms has the advantages of material similarity, easy access of grafts, better simulation of intraoperative conditions, and adjustable difficulties. Our results suggest that this new procedure has a better simulation-training platform which is closer to the real surgical procedure for surgeons willing to master the technique of a high-volume bypass operation.     

三角吻合技术在早期远端胃癌根治术中应用要点

正2002年,日本学者Kanaya等[1]首次提出了胃十二指肠全腹腔镜下三角吻合技术,该技术仅利用直线切割闭合器即可完成胃与十二指肠端端吻合。在此基础上Huang等[2]进一步改良了三角吻合术。目前,胃十二指肠三角吻合技术逐渐获得国内外多家医疗中心的认可和开展。本文将介绍在远端胃癌根治术中应用三角吻合技术的相关要点。