儿童期血管瘤的药物治疗

<正>儿童期最多见的血管瘤是婴儿血管瘤(infantile hemangiomas,IH)和卡波济样血管内皮瘤(Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma,KHE),本文仅对此两种类型的血管瘤的药物治疗作简单论述。之所以将此两类血管肿瘤的治疗一并叙述,一是因为两类血管肿瘤在儿童期,特别是婴儿期较为常见,还因为两类肿瘤的治疗药物有相当大的重叠。1概述IH的发展过程:婴儿血管瘤起病早,新生     

苯扎贝特治疗儿童ApoE Tokyo(Arg25Cys)突变型脂蛋白肾病1例

脂蛋白肾病(Lipoprotein glomerulopathy,LPG),1989年首次由日本学者Saito报道,LPG主要累及肾脏,且以肾小球病变为主[1]。几乎所有患者均有不同程度的蛋白尿,多数表现为肾病综合征,少数表现为轻微蛋白尿和镜下血尿,部分患者伴有不同程度的贫血及高血压,血脂异常易被忽略为肾病综合征的低蛋白血症所致。载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,ApoE)增高是LPG血脂改变的主要特点[2-3]。LPG为一种与脂质代谢紊乱密切相关的肾脏疾病,目前世界范围内有报道的病例不足200例,儿童报道仅10余例[2]。本病进展缓慢,临床常误诊为原发性肾病综合征[4]。因此,为增强对LPG的认识,提高诊治水平,现分析1例确诊的儿童LPG临床资料,总结LPG的临床特点、诊断、治疗及预后。     

右美托咪定复合羟考酮对胸腔镜下肺叶切除术后病人影响研究

目的探讨研究右美托咪定复合羟考酮对胸腔镜下肺叶切除术后病人自控静脉镇痛的影响。方法选取2016年3月至2018年3月本院行胸腔镜下肺叶切除手术治疗为主的94例肺癌患者为研究对象,随机分为研究组和对照组,每组47例患者,研究组术后镇痛采用右美托咪定复合羟考酮和托烷司琼,对照组术后镇痛采用羟考酮和托烷司琼,记录患者不同时点心率、平均动脉压,视觉模拟评分、Ramsay镇静评分、镇痛满意度,HMGB1、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-10水平,记录不良反应发生情况。结果研究组在术后静止时和运动时4 h、6 h、24 h视觉模拟评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),研究组术后4 h、6 h、24 h和48 h患者自控镇痛累计羟考酮使用量和按压次数均明显小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组恶心、呕吐不良反应发生率6.38%,明显低于对照组的59.58%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者术后镇痛满意率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);随着治疗的进行,两组患者HMGB1、TNF-α、IL-6水平均降低,IL-10水平升高,研究组术后HMGB1、TNF-α、IL-6水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定复合羟考酮较单纯使用羟考酮对胸腔镜下肺叶切除术后病人自控静脉镇痛效果好,患者对疼痛控制满意度较高,不良反应发生率低,炎性反应低。     

苯扎贝特联用降血压药治疗高血压100例疗效观察

目的:探讨苯扎贝特联合降血压药物治疗高血压的疗效。方法:100例高血压病人随机被分为两组,对照组给以常规降血压药物治疗,治疗组在常规药物治疗基础上加服苯扎贝特0．2 g,2次／d,疗程1个月,观察血甘油三酯含量及血压的改变。结果:治疗组总有效率为98％,对照组总有效率为54％,组间比较差异显著(P<0．05)。结论: 对于高血压伴高脂血症患者,苯扎贝特与降血压药物合用,除显著降低血甘油三酯水平外,还明显提高常用降血压药物的治疗效果。     

精苯MEA系统异常及改进措施

针对精苯装置MEA系统自投料开车以来在生产过程存在的含有油分等问题,进行了认真的分析,并依据相应的原因提出了相应的消泡改进措施,从而保证了精苯装置的长周期安全稳定运行.     

不同液体术前急性高容量血液稀释对深静脉血栓病人血液流变学的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) with different fluids on blood rheology in patients with deep vein (femoral and iliac) thrombosis. Methods Thirty ASA I or II patients aged 40-64 yr who had developed deep vein thrombosis in 48 h and were scheduled for embolectomy were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each) ; group I normal saline (NS) ; group II 6 % HES 200/0.5 ( HES) ; group IE gelofusine (GEL). AHH was performed with normal saline, 6% HES or gelofusine infusion at 20 ml·kg-1 ·h-1 for 40 min. MAP, HR and SpO2 were monitored. Blood loss, volume of blood transfusion and fluid infused and urine output during operation were recorded. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 3-5 fig/kg, etomidate 0.15-0.30 mg/kg, propofol 1-2 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1-2 mg/kg and maintained with 2% isoflurane and propofol infusion at 5-8 mg·kg-1·h-1 and intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT 8 ml/kg, RR 12 bpm). PaO2 and PaCO2 were maintained within normal range. Venous blood samples were obtained before and after AHH for measurement of hematocrit (Hct), whole blood viscocity (WBV) at low or high shear rates, plasma viscosity, RBC aggregation and RBC deformation. RBC aggregation index and RBC deformation index were calculated. Results MAP and HR were stable in all patients. The amount of blood transfusion and fluid infused was significantly less in group HES and GEL than in group NS. The WBV at low or high shear rates in group HES and GEL, Hct in all 3 groups and RBC aggregation index in group HES were significantly decreased after AHH, but the RBC deformation index was significantly increased in group HES. Conclusion Colloid is better than crystalloid and HES is better than gelofusine in improving intraoperative hypercoagulability and sluggish blood flow.     

米非司酮、促性腺激素释放激素类似物与三苯氧胺治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效比较

子宫肌瘤是性激素依赖性的良性肿瘤,临床上常见为性成熟期妇女肌瘤增大,绝经后由于卵巢功能的衰退导致雌、孕激素分泌减少,肌瘤亦随之逐渐缩小.药物治疗子宫肌瘤的理论就是通过应用直接或间接抑制雌、孕激素制剂促使肌瘤缩小,改善症状.米非司酮、促性腺激素释放激素类似物(GnRHa)和三苯氧胺是目前较常用于治疗子宫肌瘤的药物,均有一定的临床疗效,由于它们的作用机制不同,疗效的优劣亦有不同[1-3].本组资料观察和比较了三组药物治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效,评价何种药物综合临床疗效最好,易被患者接受.