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1.
When human remains are discovered, confirming the identification of the decedent is the first part of the forensic medical investigation. In cases where the remains are skeletonised or badly decomposed, differential preservation often increases the difficulty of this task. Bomb pulse dating, which directly compares levels of 14 C within human tissues to atmospheric levels, can provide an estimate of the year of death, which may assist in the identification process. This study measured the 14 C content in samples of hair, nail and puparia collected from donors at the Australian Facility for Taphonomic Experimental Research (AFTER). The radiocarbon results demonstrated that the nail samples provided the most accurate year of death estimation, with 91% correctly predicting YOD, closely followed by hair, with a 79% correct prediction rate, with both hair and nails having a lag time of 0–1 years. This is consistent with the time taken for atmospheric CO 2 to enter the food chain, and be taken in by humans. Puparia was found to have the highest levels of 14 C, and was the least consistent with the actual YOD (46% correct). However, predicted YOD ranges were still within 4 years of the actual YOD. Based on the results of this study, hair, nail and puparia should be considered as useful samples to obtain accurate estimates for YOD using bomb pulse dating.  相似文献   
2.
地鳖中的纤溶活性蛋白是从地鳖中提取的具有抗栓及抗肿瘤作用的有效成分,其口服易被上消化道酶分解从而限制了应用。采用恒流泵滴制法开发地鳖纤溶活性蛋白时间/pH依赖口服结肠靶向微囊(EnpolypHaga fibrinolytic protein oral colon targeting microcapsules, CTM-EFP)。采用单因素实验和正交实验相结合的方法寻找到包封率为60.17 % ± 2.72 %、载药量为15.50 % ± 0.44 % 的最佳配方。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)显示微囊呈球形、表面光滑,在人工肠液中24 h的累积释放度为99.53 % ± 0.69 %,在人工胃液中24 h累积释放度为7.43 ± 1.04 %,通过时间/pH依赖达到结肠靶向作用。CTM-EFP在人工肠液中的体外释放曲线符合Korsmeyer方程,提示地鳖纤溶活性蛋白(EnpolypHaga fibrinolytic protein, EFP)是通过扩散和侵蚀机制结合释放的。CTM-EFP为EFP的口服给药提供了一种新的剂型,为EFP应用于临床提供参考。  相似文献   
3.
ObjectivesTo examine the impact of time to surgery (TTS) on survival among patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsAll patients in the Canadian province of Ontario with stage I NSCLC from 2007 to 2017 were included. A logistic regression identified the predictors of TTS and a flexible parametric model estimated survival rates based on TTS.ResultsOver the study period, 6428 patients with stage I NSCLC undergoing surgical resection were identified, of which 62.5% had TTS >28 days. Less than half these patients (40.8%) underwent open resection, with 19.3% undergoing open sublobar and 21.5% undergoing open lobectomy. Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma tumors accounted for 33.3% and 22.0% of cases, respectively. The majority (85.6%) of patients lived in urban areas within 50 km of a regional cancer center (76.9%). Variables that predicted TTS >28 days include age and extent of resection. After adjustment for VATS vs. open resection, age, sex, frailty, year of diagnosis, histology of tumor, and extent of resection, the hazard ratio for TTS >28 days was 1.26 (95%CI:1.13–1.40), indicating a 26% increased risk of all-cause mortality (p < 0.0001). The highest 5-year survival was observed for patients with stage I disease undergoing resection within 28 days.ConclusionsThe present study found age and extent of resection to be associated with increased TTS. Importantly, patients with TTS >28 days had reduced long-term survival.  相似文献   
4.
李建  张尧  胡登敏  刘宽 《现代预防医学》2022,(19):3468-3473
目的 分析1990—2019年我国早发结直肠癌(early-onset colorectal cancer,EOCRC)疾病负担及时间变化趋势。方法 利用全球疾病负担2019(Global Burden of Disease 2019,GBD 2019)数据库获取我国14~49岁人群1990—2019年间结直肠癌发病、死亡及伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life years,DALYs)的数量和率,以及危险因素所致EOCRC相关DALYs百分比。计算年龄标化发病率(age-standardized incidence rate,ASIR)及死亡率(age-standardized mortality rate,ASMR),并用Joinpoint软件对我国EOCRC的ASIR及ASMR行时间变化趋势分析。结果 2019年我国EOCRC新发病例及死亡人数为87383及26274,相比1990年分别增加264.53%及76.92%。我国EOCRC的ASIR及ASMR为10.31/10万及3.07/10万,较1990年分别增加140.32%及14.13%。时间变化趋势分析显示,我国EOCRC的ASIR及ASMR均呈显著上升趋势,其平均年变化百分比(average annual percentage change,AAPC)分别为3.0(95%CI为2.8~3.3)及0.3(95%CI为0.1~0.6)。我国EOCRC相关DALYs为1304828,占我国总体结直肠癌相关DALYs的20.40%及全球EOCRC相关DALYs的30.63%。归因分析提示我国42.85%的EOCRC相关DALYs可归因于饮食、行为及代谢因素。结论 我国EOCRC发病率及死亡率均明显升高,其导致的疾病负担十分严峻。  相似文献   
5.
6.
Dengue virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 coexist in dengue-endemic countries; therefore, the adoption of preventive measures is essential to control the spread of both viruses. We conducted an ecological study to compare the temporal patterns of the incidence of dengue before and during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Peru. A time-series analysis comparing the incidence of dengue using a Student's t test with variance correction was performed. Poisson regression was applied to determine the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of dengue before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The incidence of dengue was found to be increased in all endemic regions of Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the highest incidences registered in Ica (IRR = 90.14), Huánuco (IRR = 38.6), and Ucayali (IRR = 23.78), with the exception of Piura (IRR = 0.83). The highest increases in the number of dengue cases per million inhabitants were in Ucayali (393.38), Tumbes (233.19), Ica (166.08), and Loreto (129.93). The gradient of dengue cases was positive in all endemic regions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of dengue cases per million increased during the COVID-19 pandemic throughout Peru and in several endemic regions, with the exception of Piura.  相似文献   
7.
背景 随着血糖监测技术的发展,近些年来人们开始使用扫描式葡萄糖监测系统(FGMS)"全景式"地观察2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的血糖水平,明确FGMS指标与T2DM并发症之间的关系有助于提高其临床应用价值,但目前相关研究较少。 目的 探究佩戴FGMS的T2DM患者葡萄糖在目标范围内时间(TIR)等指标与尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)的相关性。 方法 选取2019年1月至2021年10月于北京大学人民医院老年科就诊并佩戴FGMS的T2DM患者79例,以尿液检查中UACR是否<30 mg/g将患者分为无白蛋白尿组(n=50)和白蛋白尿组(n=29)。比较两组患者的临床特征、实验室检查指标及FGMS指标等。采用Pearson相关、Spearman秩相关分析探讨TIR、高血糖时间(TAR)与糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的相关性。分别采用Pearson相关、Spearman秩相关、偏相关分析探讨FGMS指标与lnUACR的相关性。使用多因素Logistic回归分析探究T2DM患者发生白蛋白尿的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估TIR对白蛋白尿的预测价值。 结果 白蛋白尿组T2DM病程长于无白蛋白尿组,三酰甘油(TG)、HbA1c、平均血糖(MBG)、TAR、平均血糖标准差(SDBG)、最大葡萄糖波动幅度(LAGE)、平均葡萄糖波动幅度(MAGE)、连续每隔2 h血糖净作用(CONGA2)高于无白蛋白尿组,TIR低于无白蛋白尿组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关、Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,TIR与HbA1c呈负相关(P<0.001),TAR与HbA1c呈正相关(P<0.001)。Pearson相关、Spearman秩相关、偏相关分析结果均表明,TIR与lnUACR呈负相关(P<0.001),MBG、TAR、SDBG、LAGE、MAGE、CONGA2与lnUACR呈正相关(P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,TIR>70%〔OR=0.038,95%CI(0.003,0.467)〕是T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的保护因素(P<0.05),TAR升高〔OR=1.046,95%CI(1.000,1.094)〕是T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的危险因素(P<0.05)。TIR预测T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.784〔95%CI(0.674,0.894)〕(P=0.003),灵敏度为78%,特异度为83%,最佳切点为69.71%。 结论 在FGMS指标中,TIR>70%是T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的保护因素,TAR升高是T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的危险因素。同时,SDBG、LAGE、MAGE、CONGA2等多种反映血糖波动的指标也与UACR密切相关。对TIR水平较低及TAR、SDBG、LAGE、MAGE、CONGA2水平较高的T2DM患者进行FGMS筛查有助于早期识别及预防白蛋白尿的发生、发展。  相似文献   
8.
BackgroundConsiderable progress has been made in therapeutic options for multiple myeloma (MM). Understanding the current landscape of MM treatment options and associated outcomes in the real world is important in providing key insights into clinical and knowledge gaps which could be targeted for further optimization.MethodsThe Canadian Myeloma Research Group Database (CMRG-DB) is a prospectively maintained disease-specific database with >7000 patients. The objective of this study was to describe the trends in the treatment landscape and outcomes including early mortality, time to next treatment, and overall survival (OS) in each line of treatment stratified by autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) receipt among newly-diagnosed MM patients in Canada between 2007 and 2018.ResultsA total of 5154 patients were identified among which 3030 patients (58.8%) received an upfront ASCT and 2124 (41.2%) did not. At diagnosis, the median age was 64 years and 58.6% were males. Bortezomib and lenalidomide were most frequently used (>50%) in first and second-line treatment respectively among both the ASCT and non-ASCT cohort. The median OS was 122.0 months (95% Cl 115.0-135.0 months) and 54.3 months (95% CI 50.8-58.8 months) for the ASCT and non-ASCT cohort respectively with an incremental decrease in OS in each subsequent line of treatment.ConclusionWe present the largest study to date in the Canadian landscape showing the characteristics, therapy usage, and outcomes among MM patients. This information will be critical in benchmarking current outcomes and provide key insight into areas of unmet needs and gaps for improvement of MM patients nationally.  相似文献   
9.
[目的]比较药品零差率政策实施前后D市某三甲医院住院患者费用变化情况,分析政策改革对患者住院费用的影响,为减轻住院患者医疗费用负担和进一步深化医疗体制改革提供科学依据。[方法]收集、整理D市某三甲医院2016-2019年住院患者资料,并用Excel对患者住院数据进行描述性统计学分析。在Stata 16中应用中断时间序列模型重点分析人均药品费用变化。[结果]药品零差率政策实施后,患者人均药品费用降低554.521元,患者住院费用中其他费用(32.73%)取代药品费(25%)成为住院费用中占比最大的费用。护理费增长率(135.15%)居首位,床位费、诊断费及化验费均有不同水平涨幅。治疗费及手术费呈下降趋势。[结论]住院患者人均药品费用明显下降,住院费用结构趋于合理,但住院费用仍然居高不下。  相似文献   
10.
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