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1.
《Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation》2022,103(5):899-907
ObjectiveTo identify how individuals respond to unilateral upper extremity peripheral nerve injury via compensation (increased use of the nondominant hand). We hypothesized that injury to the dominant hand would have a greater effect on hand use (left vs right choices). We also hypothesized that compensation would not depend on current (postinjury) nondominant hand performance because many patients undergo rehabilitation that is not designed to alter hand use.DesignObservational survey, single-arm.SettingsAcademic research institution and referral center.ParticipantsA total of 48 adults (N=48) with unilateral upper extremity peripheral nerve injury. Another 14 declined participation. Referred sample, including all eligible patients from 16 months at 1 nerve injury clinic and 1 hand therapy clinic.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresHand use (% of actions with each hand) via Block Building Task. Dexterity via Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function.ResultsParticipants preferred their dominant hand regardless of whether it was injured: hand usage (dominant/nondominant) did not differ from typical adults, regardless of injured side (P>.07), even though most participants (77%) were more dexterous with their uninjured nondominant hand (mean asymmetry index, ?0.16±0.25). The Block Building Task was sensitive to hand dominance (P=2 × 10?4) and moderately correlated with Motor Activity Log amount scores (r2=0.33, P<.0001). Compensation was associated only with dominant hand dexterity (P=3.9 × 10?3), not on nondominant hand dexterity, rehabilitation, or other patient and/or injury factors (P>.1).ConclusionsPatients with peripheral nerve injury with dominant hand injury do not compensate with their unaffected nondominant hand, even if it is more dexterous. For the subset of patients unlikely to recover function with the injured hand, they could benefit from rehabilitation that encourages compensation with the nondominant hand. 相似文献
2.
《Gait & posture》2021
BackgroundComputerized dynamic posturography is commonly used to assess balance in service members, but normative values for the military population have not been established.Research questionWhat are the normative values for the Motor Control Test (MCT), Sensory Organization Test (SOT) and the enhanced SOT (eSOT) within the military population and at which point do they differ?MethodsCross-sectional study. 237 active duty service members (78 % male) completed the MCT, SOT and the eSOT with the sway manipulated at a gain of 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, or 2.0. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the means of men and women for the SOT and MCT composite scores. A Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the means of age groups for the SOT composite score. An independent t-test was used to compare the SOT composite scores from our military population to the manufacturer’s normative (civilian) data. The means and standard deviations for the eSOT scores were reported for each gain. Paired-samples t-tests were performed to compare the SOT composite score with the eSOT composite score for each level of gain.ResultsThere was no difference between SOT composite scores for men and women (Mann-Whitney U = 4363.50, p = 0.19) or among age groups (Kruskal-Wallis = 2.77, p = 0.25). The mean SOT composite scores were not different from the manufacturer’s normative values (p = 0.155). SOT composite scores were significantly higher than eSOT composite scores for gains of 1.4 (t = 3.16, p = 0.003), 1.6 (t = 5.73, p < 0.001), 1.8 (t = 5.26, p < 0.001) and 2.0 (t = 5.89, p < 0.001). MCT composite scores were lower in the 18−26 year old than the 36−45 year old age group (p = 0.013).SignificanceThis study establishes normative values for the MCT, SOT and eSOT in active duty military service members. The results suggest that the manufacturer’s normal values are appropriate for making judgments about the postural stability of service members. 相似文献
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《Indian heart journal》2022,74(4):302-306
BackgroundThe alarming rise in prevalence of hypertension warrants psychosocial methods supplementing pharmacotherapy for better management and prevention of cardiac emergencies. The objective of the study was to assess the differential impact of the form and frequency of knowledge intervention on management of primary hypertension.Materials and methodThe study was conducted on 256 hypertensive patients recruited through purposive sampling at health centers in Hyderabad, India. Pretest post-test control group quasi-experimental design was adopted for the study. There were two forms of the knowledge intervention, namely ‘Direct Interaction’ and ‘Audio-Visual’. Each form was presented in two frequencies namely ‘single exposure’ and ‘double exposure’. The four groups were labelled as Direct Intervention Single (DIS), Direct Intervention Double (DID), Audio-Visual Single (AVS) and Audio-Visual Double (AVD). Adherence and management of hypertension were assessed at baseline and six weeks post experiment. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was applied using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20.ResultsANCOVA followed by Bonferroni Multiple Group Comparison Test revealed significant differences between the four intervention groups and control group on adherence (p< .001). In case of hypertension management significant differences were observed between Control group and DIS, DID (p < .001), Control and AVS (p < .01). Control group did not differ from AVD.ConclusionThere was a positive impact of Knowledge Intervention on adherence and management of hypertension. Double exposure in audio visual form was counterproductive in hypertension management. 相似文献
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BackgroundAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is recommended in patients who intend to return to high-level sports. However, there is only a 55–80% return to pre-injury level of sports after ACL reconstruction, with a re-injury rate up to 20%. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of patients passing the Back in Action (BIA) test 9 months after primary bone-patellar-tendon-bone (BPTB) ACL reconstruction, and evaluate the association between passing the BIA test and patient reported outcome measurements (PROMs).MethodsPatients underwent the BIA test 9 months after BPTB ACL reconstruction. In total 103 patients were included. Passing the BIA test (PASSED-group) was defined as a normal or higher score at all sub-tests with limb symmetry index (LSI) ≥90% for the dominant leg and LSI >80% for the non-dominant leg. Patients who did not meet these criteria were defined as the FAILED-group. PROMs included the International Knee Documentation Committee, Knee injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury.ResultsEighteen patients (17.5%) passed the BIA test 9 months after BPTB ACL reconstruction. PROMs were not statistically significant different between the PASSED- and FAILED-group.ConclusionLow percentage of patients passed the BIA test 9 months after BPTB ACL reconstruction. Although current PROMs cut-off values were met, the BIA test results show persistent functional deficits. Therefore, the BIA test could be of additional value in the decision-making process regarding return to sport (RTS). This study highlights the need for additional rehabilitation as RTS in a condition of incomplete recovery may increase the risk of re-injury.Level of evidenceII. 相似文献
7.
Gary N. McAuliffe Susan L. Taylor Sharon Moore Joanne Hewitt Arlo Upton Anna S. Howe Emma J. Best 《Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease》2019,93(3):203-207
Rotavirus vaccine has reduced disease prevalence in many countries. Consequently, we aimed to assess the reliability of a rotavirus immunoassay in the community population of Auckland and Northland, New Zealand. Between 22 October 2015 and 31 December 2016, 2873 fecal samples were tested by enzyme immunoassay (EIA, Rotascreen II, Microgen, UK) from 2748 patients (median age 8?years, range 0–101?years). Eighty-nine (3.1%) samples were reactive; 86 samples were tested by a second method. Rotavirus was confirmed in 49/86 (57%). Positive rotavirus EIAs were more likely to be confirmed in samples from cases ≥1?year of age (positive predictive value [PPV] 61%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 50–72%, P?=?0.049) and in spring/summer (PPV 67%, 95% CI 55–78%, P?=?0.003). Reactive rotavirus tests required confirmatory testing regardless of demographic, vaccine, or seasonal factors; a review of rotavirus testing algorithms may be necessary in other vaccinated community populations. 相似文献
8.
A. Fanlo Zarazaga J. Gutiérrez Vásquez V. Pueyo Royo 《Archivos de la Sociedad Espa?ola de Oftalmología》2019,94(1):25-32
Introduction
Congenital colour vision deficiencies affect 8% of the male and 0.5% of the female population. The study of colour vision is a complex process due to several factors: the psychophysics of vision itself, the difficulty to establish mathematical models for its analysis, the vague correlation of results between different tests, and the influence of external factors such as lighting, the tests condition, or the experience of the examiner and the patient. In the present document, a simplified review was carried out on the main colour vision tests available in clinical practice.Material and methods
Once a filtered preliminary review was made of the bibliography related to the study of colour vision using the PubMed search tool, the most used tests in clinical practice were selected according to their frequency of use and the purpose for which they were applied. A bibliographic study was then carried out on each particular test according to the design of the shown stimuli, its target population, and its sensitivity and specificity.Results
From the 95 publications found using the PubMed search tool, in 41 of them, colour tests were used by researchers in their methodology. From the 64 colour tests used, 19 of them were different (with 4 of them being different tests adapted by research groups, and 2 of them carried out online).The most used tests were the following: Ishihara test (10.88%), Farnsworth-Munsell (7.04%), Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue (6.4%), Cambridge Colour Test (3.84%), Hardy-Rand-Rittler (3.2%), tests developed by the groups (2.56%), the Anomaloscope (1.28%), the online tests (1.28%) and, finally, Colour Assessment and Diagnosis (0.64%), Pflüger Trident Colour Plates (0.64%), Toothguide Training Box (0.64%), Lanthony Desaturated D-15 (0.64%), City University Test (0.64%), Universal Colour Discrimination Test (0.64%), and Rabin Cone Contrast Test (0.64%).Conclusions
The Anomaloscope is the “gold standard” in terms of colour vision testing, despite its incompatibility with daily clinical practice. It is fairly complex to use, difficult to understand for children, and its practice requires having the time available. Nevertheless, it is possible to reach an accurate approximation through the combination of some of the tests listed in this article. The above mentioned tests are a good alternative to determine the presence of dyschromatopsia in settings closer to daily clinical practice or in less controlled settings than a clinical study. The major drawback among the wide range of tests available for the study of colour vision is the difficulty to compare results between tests, since units of the reported data are usually different, and experience is required for its correct interpretation. Currently, there is no consensus on which colour test is the most complete. It is, therefore, advisable to use at least 2 tests in order to ensure diagnoses, and have more extensive information about the visual perception of patients. 相似文献9.
目的 开发适用于医护人员的医学叙事能力量表(Narrative Competence Scale,NCS),并检验其信效度。方法 以叙事理论、故事理论、诺丁斯关怀理论为指导,结合文献分析和对17名叙事医学/叙事护理实践型医护人员的访谈结果,构建医护人员医学叙事能力量表的条目池。通过德尔菲法、预调查、项目分析形成初版量表,并对607名医护人员进行问卷调查,检验量表的信效度。结果 NCS包括27个条目,划分为3个维度(累积方差贡献率为65.02%),总量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.950,折半信度为0.935,1个月后重测信度为0.717(P< 0.001),内容效度指数为0.89,NCS与杰斐逊共情量表、人文关怀能力量表总分及各维度均呈正相关(P< 0.001)。结论 该研究形成的NCS具有良好的信效度,适用于中国医护人员医学叙事能力水平的测评。 相似文献
10.
《Science & Sports》2022,37(7):564-571
ObjectiveObesity is the most common childhood illness in developed countries and its prevalence continues to increase. The objective was to analyze the influence of obesity on the motor coordination of children between 6 and 9 years old.Equipment and methodsA number of 52 pupils of both genders participated for evaluation of the prevalence of obesity using the measurement of the abdominal perimeter and the Body Mass Index (BMI) categorized as Normal-Weighted, Excess Weight and Obesity. The assessment of motor coordination was performed by the KTK test. SPSS (version 19.0) was used for statistical purposes.ResultsGirls had lower levels of performance rather than boys, and the pupils presented worse levels of motor performance as the age progressed. Regarding the prevalence of obesity, the two-gender obtained high mean values for the Normal-weighted category, whereas 25% is overweight. Regarding the level of motor coordination, 57.7% of the pupils had Normal Coordination and 40.4% had coordinative difficulties. Pupils with higher values of BMI and abdominal perimeter obtains lower results of motor coordination. 相似文献