氟哌啶醇季铵盐衍生物的合成及其对冠状动脉的作用

目的 :合成氟哌啶醇季铵盐衍生物并研究其对动物冠状动脉的作用。方法 :以氟哌啶醇为原料 ,将其与卤代烃在回流的情况下进行反应而得到其季铵盐衍生物。采用猪冠状动脉条生物测定法和Langendorff灌流法研究这些衍生物对冠状动脉的作用。结果 :合成了 7个新化合物 ( 1～ 7) ,其中化合物 7量效依赖地压低KCl所致的猪冠状动脉条收缩曲线 ,阻断较大剂量所致的冠状动脉条痉挛 ,并量效依赖地拮抗脑垂体后叶素所致的离体豚鼠心脏冠脉流量减少。结论 :化合物 7显示了良好的扩张冠状动脉的作用 ,值得进一步研究     

日晒海盐工人机体内高镁反应

报道福建某盐场从事日晒海盐生产人工机体内高镁对心血管系统的影响，通过现场空气、饮水、主良的镁含量测定，并对进入机体途径进行分析，得出空气、卤水接触、饮水为机体镁增高的主要来源。不同对象头发镁含量测定结果显示，以接触卤水、劳动强度大的盐工最高，并随机体内镁含量增高，出现血压偏低、心率减慢、心电图Ｐ－Ｒ间期延长、ＱＲＳ波增宽、Ｔ波高尖等机体高镁反应，与临床高镁血症相似。     

中国西部地区儿童甲状腺肿大率、尿碘、盐碘变异程度的分析

目的 研究影响或导致儿童甲状腺肿大率(甲肿率)、尿碘、盐碘三项指标变异程度的因素。方法 用设计效率(DEFF)作为评价变异程度的指标。结果 在西部12省中，儿童甲肿率的DEFF在3．0左右的有9个省，占75．0％；尿碘水平的DEFF在1．0～3．5之间的有6个省，占50．0％；合格碘盐食用率的DEFF有11省在3．0以上。有4个省加碘盐覆盖率的DEFF在3．0左右。结论 除了充分考虑非抽样因素对甲肿率、尿碘、盐碘三项指标变异程度的影响外，还应对西部监测中样本的数量作进一步的推算，使样本量这一影响指标变异程度的主要因素更加科学、合理，从而为全国的碘缺乏病监测工作提供科学依据。     

Blutdruck,relatives Körpergewicht,Alkoholkonsum und Elektrolytausscheidung in der BRD und der DDR: Die Intersalt-Studie

Summary The relationships between body mass index (BMI) and age, alcohol consumption, 24-hr urinary electrolyte excretion, and BP were studied in 588 subjects from three German centers participating inIntersalt, a highly standardized, previously reported protocol. Men and women aged 20–59 were sampled in Bernried, FRG; Cottbus, GDR; and Heidelberg, FRG. The subjects from the three centers did not differ in BMI, level of education, physical activity, cigarette- or alcohol-consumption patterns, or urinary Cl excretion. Mean Na excretion was 167, 147, and 172 mmol/24 hr in Bernried, Cottbus, and Heidelberg, while mean K excretion was 72, 55, and 73 mmol/24 hr, respectively. The excretion of these electrolytes was significantly lower in Cottbus than in Bernried or Heidelberg. BMI increased progressively in men with age; in women BMI plateaued until the 5th decade, after which it increased to equal that of men. In individual centers, the excretion of electrolytes was correlated with BML Sodium and chloride excretion were highly correlated. The data from each individual center were fitted to a multiple regression model. Age, BMI, sex, and alcohol consumption entered the model.

     

Effects of intracarotid or intraruminal injections of NaCl or NaHCO3 on sodium appetite in goats.

Goats, which have been depleted of sodium by loss of parotid saliva from a parotid fistula, have been trained to press panels with their muzzles in order to obatin small volumes of 4% (0.5 M) sodium bicarbonate to drink. Normal goats display no appetite for 4% (0.5 M) bicarbonate solutions. Goats which were depleted of sodium were highly motivated to work for bicarbonate solutions without displaying a marked fall in plasma sodium levels. It was not possible to train sodium depleted goats to press the panels to obtain intracarotid injections of 3% (0.5 M) salt solutions. The continuous intracarotid injection of concentrated 23% (3.9 M) solutions of NaCl, which increased the level of Na⁺ ions in the cephalic circulation by 11 to 18 m-equiv./1., did not reduce the rate at which sodium depleted goats pressed the panel to obtain 4% (0.5 M) bicarbonate solutions to drink. It was not possible to train sodium depleted goats to press the panel switch in order to obtain intraruminal injections of 4% (0.5 M) bicarbonate solution.     

Adaptive modification of ingestive behavior in beach mice (Peromyscus polionotus).

The ability of an inland and beach race of the old-field mouse to use increasing concentrations of NaCl solutions was compared. Inland mice drank significantly more fluid at all concentrations than did beach mice. These differences became more pronounced as the salt concentration was increased. Food consumption was similar in both races while drinking water or a dilute salt solution, but beach mice ate significantly greater amounts when the concentration of salt was increased above 0.2 M. Weight losses on salt solutions were approximately equal in both races, although beach mice survived longer and tolerated the higher concentrations better. There was no difference in the ability of the races to concentrate urine or excrete Na⁺. When given a choice of distilled water or two salt solutions, beach mice consumed significantly more water (77%) than salt solutions (23%) whereas inland mice drank approximately equal amounts of water (54%) and salt solutions (46%). When deprived of anything to drink, beach mice almost stopped eating for the first two days while inland mice did not reduce their food consumption as quickly and died sooner. Thus, it appears that adaptive modifications of ingestive behavior are important for survival in habitats where salt accumlates and summer droughts may be a problem.     

Membrane-associated proteins of T4-infected Escherichia coli

During the prereplicative period after the infection of Escherichia coli by phage T4, more than 50 proteins are synthesized. Many of them have been identified with their corresponding genes. Among them, at least 13 are selectively enriched in the membrane preparation. They include the products of the two rII genes, genes 39, 52 (DNA-delay), and others not yet identified. The majority of these proteins (90%) are extractable by the detergent, sarkosyl, and are possibly associated with the inner or cytoplasmic membrane. Based on their electrophoretic migration in SDS-polyacrylamide gels and on their tryptic fingerprints, these proteins are found to be phage induced. Two of the newly synthesized proteins that are selectively enriched in the cell wall or outer envelope fraction are found to be identical with two envelope proteins of the host cell. They are continually synthesized after phage infection although general host protein synthesis is shut off.     

Sister chromatid exchange: Variation by age,sex, smoking,and breast cancer status

Variation in sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency in lymphocytes of 125 persons was compared using a multivariate general linear model. The study was performed to determine whether SCE frequency differs with respect to age, sex, smoking, and breast cancer status. Study subjects were divided into: members of two branches of families having an excess of cancer (primarily breast) including a brother and sister in one family who developed nonbreast malignancies within 1 yr of the study; women in both families successfully treated for breast cancer (all at least 5 yr posttreatment); and women from the general population with confirmed breast cancer.Controls consisted of spouses who married into the high-risk kindreds, hospital personnel, and others (primarily tradesmen without history of occupational exposure). Results show that: (1) Women with active breast cancer have a significantly higher mean SCE frequency than control women or women greater than 5 yr posttreatment for breast cancer; (2) Cigarette smokers show a significantly higher number of SCEs than was observed in nonsmokers; (3) The increase in SCE level in smokers is dose-related to exposure as measured by cumulative pack-years; (4) SCE values in both high-risk families are not significantly different from controls; (5) Neither the age nor sex of the individual affects SCE frequency; and (6) The observed distribution of exchanges agrees with that expected based on the proportion of the genome represented by each chromosome group.     

Water intake during the development of renal hypertension (2K-1C) in mice

For both practical and methodological reasons, mice have been the most widely employed species for development of transgenic and gene knockin and knockout animals. However, basic behavioral and physiology control and regulatory mechanisms in mice are not well characterized. To broaden our understanding of the processes maintaining body fluid and blood pressure homeostasis in the mouse, the objectives of this study were to evaluate voluntary water, and sodium intakes during the development of renal hypertension and to examine the relationship between hypertension and the quantities of water and salt ingested. In male, C57BL/6J mice, two-kidney, one-clip renal hypertension (2K-1C) was induced, and water and 1.8% NaCl intakes were monitored for 2 weeks. At the end of this period, all animals received arterial catheters for direct recording of blood pressure. The mice that received renal artery clips were sorted into hypertensive (152+/-4 mm Hg) and normotensive (122+/-2 mm Hg) groups and were compared to control (117+/-4 mm Hg) animals that underwent a sham renal clipping procedure. Hypertensive 2K-1C animals had significantly elevated water intake compared to control animals. On most of the postsurgical days, the normotensive 2K-1C animals did not display increased water intake in comparison to the control group. No significant effect was detected for 1.8% saline intake between any of the pairs of groups. In summary, the reduction of blood flow to a single kidney in the 2K-1C model of renal hypertension induces high blood pressure accompanied by sustained hyperdipsia in the mouse.