Touring Arkansas: A Statewide Project to Instruct Nurses and Patient Educators on Consumer Health Resources

Abstract

This article follows up a pilot project to help educate local nurses and patient educators on freely available consumer health resources. The Outreach Coordinator and Clinical Librarian at an academic medical center created a one-hour in-person and online class with continuing education credit and an online guide. Nurses frequently act as patient educators at the bedside and are therefore an important target for consumer health education. While nurses in an urban setting may have more access to educational opportunities, these opportunities are needed even more in rural settings. Librarians can obtain funding to travel and teach classes at rural community hospitals.     

同伴支持、父母支持和青少年自我价值感初探

目的：探讨实际的同伴支持、感知到的同伴支持、感知到的父母支持、对同伴支持的重要性评价、对父母支持的重要性评价和自我价值感之间的关系。同时也考察了青少年的同伴接受性。方法：用社会测量法和自我报告法对285名青少年进行集体测试。结果：①社会测量法表明青少年也可以被分为受欢迎的、被拒绝的、被忽略的、和有争议的；②感知到的同伴／父母支持和自我价值感之间存在显著正相关；高低实际同伴支持两组被试在感知到的同伴支持上存在显著差异。但在自我价值感上不存在显著差异；（固在所有被试中，只有对初三学生来说，对同伴／父母支持的重要性评价在感知到的同伴／父母支持和自我价值感之间起到调节作用。结论：感知到的同伴／父母支持可以用来预测青少年的自我价值感：对初三学生来说，对同伴／父母支持的重要性评价可以在感知到的同伴／父母支持和自我价值感之间起到调节作用。     

矿区居民预防艾滋病／性传播疾病同伴教育效果研究

目的　调查对矿区居民开展预防艾滋病 /性传播疾病同伴教育的效果。方法　以自愿报名的方式选取山西省大同市永定庄矿区矿工 2 5名 ,均为男性 ,平均年龄为 3 4 0± 8 3岁 ;矿工家属 2 5名 ,均为女性 ,平均年龄为 46 8± 1 1 7岁。在矿工组和矿工家属组中各随机抽取 1名作为同伴教育者进行培训。培训合格的同伴教育者以不同的形式对其余 2 4名同伴进行 1个小时的教育。于教育前和教育后 1周对每组的 2 4名同伴就艾滋病/性传播疾病的知、信、行做问卷调查。并于 1周后按单纯随机抽样方法在每组选取 8人分别进行访谈。结果　在同伴教育者中 ,关于艾滋病 /性传播疾病的一般知识答对率培训前为 2 6 4% ,培训后为 77 6% ;关于传播途径 ,培训前为 2 3 2 % ,培训后为 90 8% ;关于相关的预防措施 ,培训前为 3 5 4% ,培训后为 74 9%。所有的同伴教育者认为艾滋病 /性传播疾病健康教育是必要的 ,同伴教育是一种有效的方式。结论　在矿工及其家属中开展艾滋病 /性传播疾病同伴教育是有效的     

Differences between conduct disordered and normal control children in their tendencies to escalate or neutralize conflicts when interacting with normal peers

The behavior of conduct disordered (CD) children was compared with normal control (NC) children in interaction with normal peers. Dyads consisting of a) a CD child and a normal peer and b) an NC child and the same normal peer as in a) were observed. CD boys were less able than NC boys to neutralize incipient conflicts. Hitherto most behavioral studies of CD boys have concentrated on their tendency to escalate conflicts but have paid very little attention to their difficulty in neutralizing conflicts.     

儿童退缩和同伴关系的相关

目的：用元分析方法对近20年关于儿童退缩和同伴关系相关的研究结果进行总结。方法：用多水平分析技术对儿童退缩和同伴接受的相关、退缩和同伴拒绝相关的研究结果进行总结分析。结果：儿童退缩和同伴接受之间有显著的负相关关系，退缩和同伴拒绝之间有低度的非负相关关系，各研究结果之间的变异显著。结论：退缩导致儿童不良的同伴关系。     

负责任同行评议:何谓、何以与何为

【目的】对“负责任同行评议”进行阐释,为促进同行评议质量提升提供参考建议。【方法】对“负责任同行评议”进行解构;针对什么是负责任同行评议、为什么需要负责任同行评议、负责任同行评议涵盖哪些方面,以及如何落实负责任同行评议分别展开讨论。【结果】阐释负责任同行评议的内涵,指出推行负责任同行评议的重要性与迫切性,以及提出推行实践负责任同行评议的保障措施。【结论】负责任同行评议为当前的科研评价问题提供了一个可能的解决方向,可以从理论层面引起研究者的关注,从实践层面引发评审人的思考。     

The experiences of peer-facilitators delivering a physical activity intervention for emergency service workers and their families

IntroductionEmergency service workers (e.g. police, fire, ambulance officers) are regularly exposed to occupational stressors and potentially traumatic events, resulting in an increased risk of poor mental and physical health. For example, emergency service workers are twice as likely to experience suicidal thoughts compared to the general population and one in ten will develop posttraumatic stress disorder. Despite this, emergency service workers face barriers to accessing traditional mental healthcare. Physical activity is non-stigmatising and may help improve the mental and physical health of this population; however, novel ways to help people engage are needed. Peers with lived experience may be well-placed to co-deliver physical activity programs alongside health professionals. The aim of this study was to understand the experiences of peer-facilitators co-delivering an online physical activity intervention for emergency service workers and their families.MethodsQualitative interviews were conducted with 6 peer-facilitators. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analysed using exploratory thematic analysis.ResultsTwo main themes were explored. The first theme related to the value of lived experience that reflected two subthemes, i) credibility and relatedness by virtue of experience; and ii) knowledge and confidence by virtue of experience. The second theme related to the impact of the peer-facilitator role on the peers themselves, whereby peer-facilitators reported an increased sense of purpose and social connection.DiscussionThis qualitative study provides insights into how peer-facilitators can complement health professionals in the delivery of physical activity interventions for emergency service workers. Further research is needed to elucidate training requirements and safety protocols.     

人工智能辅助学术同行评议的应用及分类

【目的】 分析人工智能(Artificial Intelligence, AI)作为辅助工具在学术同行评议中的创新应用,提出未来发展建议。【方法】 首先通过文献调研法和案例分析法,比较国内外AI辅助学术同行评议的应用实践;其次按功能对其进行分类,并阐述其主要支撑算法;最后展望AI在学术同行评议领域的未来发展方向。【结果】 国内方面,AI推荐审稿人功能被应用于基金评审,但AI学术影响力预测功能尚停留在研发阶段;国外方面,除学术不端检测功能外,其他功能的应用均处于起步阶段。按功能不同,AI辅助同行评议可分为投稿审查、审稿人推荐和学术影响力预测3类。其未来发展方向为:评议流程和文本结构的标准化、智能算法的通用化、评议专家库和已发表学术论文数据库的集成化;最终AI将发挥评议主体功能。【结论】 科研机构与学术期刊应积极参与全文文献数据库与全球审稿人数据库等相关数字基础设施建设,加快AI在学术同行评议中的应用,进一步推进该领域的数字化和智能化。