建筑工地外来务工人员心理卫生状况调查

目的 :了解建筑工地外来务工人员的心理卫生状况 ,为预防心理疾病 ,增进身心健康提供依据。方法 :采用症状自评量表 (SCL - 90 )对建筑工地外来务工人员 5 18人的心理卫生状况进行评价。结果 :9个因子分与中国常模比较差异均有显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ,且各年龄组与中国常模比较差异也有显著性 ,均低于常模 ;各因子分在不同年岭 ,不同文化的建筑工地外来务工人员间比较差异无显著性。研究还发现做事“必须反复检查”、“必须反复洗手、点数目或触摸某些东西”、“做事必须做得很慢以保证做得正确”等强迫症状是建筑工地外来务工人员中较常见的阳性项目。结论 :建筑工地外来务工人员强迫症状发生频率较其它症状高 ,应加强其心理卫生教育     

输日加工食品应对肯定列表制度对策研究

介绍了日本肯定列表制度的基本内容和影响,通过分析加工食品的定义、特点和肯定列表制度中关于加工食品的有关规定,提出了加工食品应对日本肯定列表制度的几点对策,为输日加工食品检验检疫工作提供参考。     

京冀蠓类初步名表及毛蠓1新种(双翅目:蠓科)

〔目的〕发布京冀地区蠓类本底调查情况,为《环渤海湾输入性医学媒介(蠓类)调查研究》提供科学对照依据。〔方法〕根据实地调查和文献查询列出了京冀地区蠓类种群组成,并对2005年在秦皇岛北戴河捕获的1新种蠓类进行了描述。〔结果〕京冀地区蠓类初步名表,9属36种及毛蠓1新种。〔结论〕加强媒介昆虫的本底调查研究,是科学制定虫媒防治预案、疫情预测和有效控制及预警外来有害媒介的重要手段。     

Predicting the risk of extinction from shared ecological characteristics

Understanding the ultimate causes of population declines and extinction is vital in our quest to stop the currently rampant biodiversity loss. Comparison of ecological characteristics between threatened and nonthreatened species may reveal these ultimate causes. Here, we report an analysis of ecological characteristics of 23 threatened and 72 nonthreatened butterfly species. Our analysis reveals that threatened butterflies are characterized by narrow niche breadth, restricted resource distribution, poor dispersal ability, and short flight period. Based on the characteristics, we constructed an ecological extinction risk rank and predicted which of the currently nonthreatened species are at the highest risk of extinction. Our analysis reveals that two species currently classified as nonthreatened are, in fact, at high risk of extinction, and that the status of a further five species should be reconsidered.     

Advanced cancer patients’ and caregivers’ use of a Question Prompt List

Objective

The objective of this study was to provide insight into how advanced cancer patients and their caregivers use a Question Prompt List (QPL) during a consultation and for preparation for future consultations.

Methods

Audiotaped consultations and follow-up phone calls of 28 advanced cancer patients were coded and content analyzed. Questions asked and concerns expressed in consultations were coded for initiator, content, inclusion in the QPL and exact wording. Patients’ reported and future use of the QPL were coded from the phone calls.

Results

The majority of patients reported that they used the QPL. Questions asked by patients and caregivers predominately coincided with questions from the prognosis section of the QPL. Questions were rarely asked literally from the QPL, instead questions were tailored to patients’ own circumstances.

Conclusion

QPLs are useful to stimulate discussion on prognosis among advanced cancer patients and caregivers. Patients tailored questions from the QPL to their own circumstances which may suggest high involvement and engagement. The development of more specific tailored communication interventions for advanced cancer patients is warranted.

Practice implications

Implementation of QPLs in the advanced cancer setting may be beneficial for patients, caregivers and healthcare providers to facilitate discussion of topics such as prognosis.     

如何撰写高质量的流行病学研究论文第五讲医院感染暴发报告和干预研究的透明报告规范——ORION介绍

医院感染已成为增加医疗负担的重要原因。随着医院感染问题日趋严重,越来越多的研究者开展相关领域的研究,以期为医院感染防控工作提供参考和建议。然而相关研究的报告质量参差不齐,限制了这些研究结果的理解和进一步利用。本文介绍“医院感染暴发报告和干预研究的透明报告规范”（Guidelines for Transparent Reporting ofOutbreak Reports and InterventionStudies ofNosocomial Infection,ORION statement）,并解读报告规范中一些重要的条目。     

培智学校学生行为问题和家庭环境影响因素分析

【目的】了解培智学校学生行为特点和可改善的家庭环境影响因素,为提高智力落后学生的生活质量和特殊教育效果提供依据。【方法】对北京、天津市区各6所培智学校759名培智学生家长进行问卷调查,内容包括Achenbach儿童行为量表、家庭社会经济因素、家庭环境评定量表(FES-CV)等。【结果】培智学校学生行为问题检出率(39.4%)是正常同龄儿的3~4倍,以多动、不成熟、社交退缩为主要表现。行为问题除与年龄、性别、病因有关外,还受母亲职业、家庭环境矛盾性和娱乐性评分的影响。【结论】培智学校学生普遍存在严重的行为问题,改善家庭环境、重视个体化教育是矫正行为问题的关键。     

A comparison of psychological functioning in couples undergoing frozen-thawed embryo replacement in various stages of treatment using the Mean Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL)

PURPOSE: The objectives were to identify the stage(s) of frozen embryo replacement cycle where the couples are most vulnerable to psychological dysfunction. Assessment was performed by using the Mean Affect Adjective Check-List (MAACL). METHODS: Thirty couples completed the MAACL questionnaire at the following stages: (a) pretreatment (visit 1), (b) before embryo transfer (visit 2), and (c) before pregnancy test (visit 3). Each partner had to complete a separate questionnaire set. RESULTS: For both partners, the depression score for visit 3 was significantly higher and the sensation seeking and positive affect scores were significantly lower than the corresponding scores for earlier visits. Anxiety scores were similar for all visits. For men, the hostility scores were significantly higher between visits 1 and 2 while in women the same was reported between visits 3 and 2. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological counselling should be targeted at couples especially after embryo transfer. MAACL is a useful method for measuring psychological dysfunction in these couples.