医学有机化学课引言设计方法

在医学有机化学课堂教学中，运用教学艺术提出了教学环节——引言的7种设计方法，让学生在生动活泼的气氛下，增强学习的主动性。     

Screening 34 Peanut Introductions for Allergen Content Using ELISA

Peanut is one of the most allergenic foods and reports of accidental ingestion of peanuts in unsuspected food are increasing. No information is available on the allergen content of peanut germplasm grown commercially and used in the food and confectionery industry. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the allergen contents of 34 peanut introductions (PI); and (2) to identify naturally occurring allergen-free and/or low or hypoallergenic peanuts germplasm. A basic ELISA protocol was utilized to detect the presence of antigens in the peanut lines using a pool of human sera from patients with documented history of peanut allergy. Two naturally occurring low, or hypo-allergenic germplasm were identified as PI 261942 and PI 338386. Both are Valencia market types with total allergen content significantly lower (P ≤0.05) than that of PI 119880 (0.550), PI 119876 (0.415) and PI 118991 (0.410) three Valencia market types and PI 262111 (0.485), a Virginia market type. No allergen-free PI was found. Allergen content of peanut lines from Bolivia and Paraguay were significantly (P ≤0.05) different to those from Venezuela. No significant difference was observed in the allergen content of the four market types.     

药学教育早期导入的探索与思考

阐述药学教育早期导入的必要性，探讨药学本科新生的药学教育早期导入教学内容和各种教学手段的综合运用。开展药学本科生药学教育的早期导入，对于药学生了解药学发展和药学知识，培养药学本科生的药学素养、职业意识和使命感，具有重要意义。     

天然药物概论课程的授课规划

天然药物化学是药学专业中比较重要的专业课，该课程的内容和方法在相关领域也有一些重要的应用，所以在相关专业进行天然药物概论的教学有越来越大的需求，本文对在生物工程专业中开展天然药物概论教学所涉及的教学内容和教学方法进行了讨论。     

First results of the introduction of DRGs in Germany and overview of experience from other DRG countries

In spite of numerous discussions and programs aimed at reducing public health care costs in Germany, the country has seen a massive increase in health care costs at an annual average rate of 7% since 1972. When German policymakers decided to reform the health care system by passing legislative measures on 22 December 1999, one of the key elements was to oblige hospitals and health insurance providers to replace the existing retrospective and procedural reimbursement system with a new prospective and diagnostic system based on diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). German policymakers are hoping to accomplish two feats with the introduction of DRGs: firstly, to improve the profitability of the health care system, and secondly, to improve the quality of health care services because DRGs require documentation and coding, which leads to increased transparency and allows for an external comparison of rendered services (benchmarking), as well as for an analysis and assessment of how appropriate and how successful the rendered services were in each particular case. Although the intentions underlying the introduction of DRGs are unquestionable, it remains to be determined whether the introduction has negative effects as well, and to which extent these negative effects have shown up so far. Hence the purpose of our survey will be to provide an extensive and systematic overview of results from other countries, along with preliminary results from Germany. In order to judge the trade-off between the desired and negative effects in a DRG system, we will define the set of parameters that determine the incentives of health care agents in such a system before surveying the economic and medical literature in light of these parameters in Section 3 and summarizing the results in Section 4. In view of the literature analysed, we find that the introduction of DRGs hasstarted a tendency towards a reduction in costs and towards a focus on profitability. If the legislator takes the necessary actions to reduce possible negative effects like manipulation and upcoding, the introduction of G-DRGs will lead to an increase in economic effectiveness and efficiency, while bringing more transparency into the quality of medical services at the same time.

突出专业特色，在生理学绪论中引入护理理念

我校作为全国第一批次招生、培养高层次护理人才的高等学校，在课程设置和教学内容上强调护理教育的整体性，即加强基础课、专业基础课及专业课之间的联系，使基础课程为专业课程服务，有利于学生今后专业素质的发展。根据这一培养定位，我们在生理学绪论教学中，引入了护理的概念、社会对护理人才的要求及护理学发展和护理理论等内容，并根据专业特点提出学习要求。     

重视导入教学,引导学生主动探究学习

目的探索导入教学在《中药学》教学中的应用和价值,为进一步推广提供依据。方法在《中药学》课堂教学中灵活采用温故、故事、形象显示、谚语和谜语、病案、设问置疑及巧设悬念等方法导入新课和新药。结果老师在各种教学评价中均获得了较高的评价。结论导入教学是引导学生主动探究学习的一种重要方法 。     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).