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1.
Transition to practice experiences for new primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) is of interest, particularly considering the lack of requirements and options for formal training programs. The purpose of this article is to describe new primary care NPs’ experience and perceived needs of transitioning to practice. New Nebraska NPs were surveyed. The main findings include increased confidence and perceived preparedness after 3 months of practice, as well as challenges and helpful supportive services for transitioning to practice. Additional information on the transition to practice experience was provided and supports developing a formal program.  相似文献   
2.
Sharing new medical information that is perceived as seriously effecting people’s lives, i.e., breaking bad news (BBN) is important in caring for patients and relatives and is challenging for healthcare professionals. Optimal BBN requires incorporation and implementation of multiple professional competencies acquired gradually throughout years of training. The BBN encounter has implications for all participants: the patient, family members, their close social environments, and the deliverer of the news. Due to these implications and the accountability involved, medical schools invest educational resources in helping medical students develop this competency.The current paper summarizes literature, research, and teaching experiences while suggesting practical guidelines for designing and teaching a BBN course to undergraduate students.The following principles lie behind the recommendations: stepwise spiral continuity of exposure to and teaching of communication skills in various contexts while focusing on BBN in the advanced clinical years; relating the developing skills to broader humanistic studies; enhancing awareness of self-perspectives and beliefs regarding BBN; connecting to patients’ and family members experiences and needs; providing a BBN protocol and opportunities for structured experiential learning followed by reflection and feedback; using observation and reflection to address gaps between theory and real-life practice; and creating continuity of learning about BBN through undergraduate, graduate, and continuing medical education. Applying this learning process can help enhance the management of these difficult conversations to improve patients’ care during these difficult, life-changing encounters, and physicians’ well-being.  相似文献   
3.
《Journal of endodontics》2022,48(1):102-108
IntroductionThe first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States resulted in a nationwide closure of dental offices that created an oral health crisis. The aim of this observational study was to analyze and compare the characteristics of patients who visited 2 private endodontics offices from March 16 to May 31, 2020, compared with the same period in 2019.MethodsDemographic, diagnostic, and procedural data of 1520 (693 in 2020 and 827 in 2019) patient visits were collected. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on patient-related variables.ResultsBivariate analyses showed that the number of patient visits decreased in April and May 2020 (P < .0001). In 2020, patients’ self-reported pain level was higher, they were more frequently diagnosed with pulp necrosis and acute apical abscess, and they received more incisions for drainage (P < .05). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the COVID-19 outbreak was associated with less visits for older patients (>49.5 years) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.720; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.573–0.906), more patients with kidney diseases (OR = 2.690; 95% CI, 1.143–6.331), higher levels of pain on percussion (OR = 2.277; 95% CI, 1.718–3.016), less cases with previously initiated treatment (OR = 0.242; 95% CI, 0.080–0.731), less periapical diagnoses of asymptomatic apical periodontitis (OR = 0.510; 95% CI, 0.306–0.849), and a higher number of nonsurgical root canal treatments (OR = 2.073; 95% CI, 1.397–3.074) and apicoectomies (OR = 2.799; 95% CI, 1.367-5.729).ConclusionsThese findings show that the public health burden of endodontic infections was more intense during the initial outbreak of COVID-19.  相似文献   
4.
ObjectivesSeveral implementation strategies can reduce potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prescribing. Although use of PIMs has declined in recent years, it remains prevalent. Various strategies exist to improve the appropriateness of medication use. However, little is known about the processes of these different implementation strategies. This scoping review aims to investigate how the process evaluation of implementation strategies for reducing PIM prescribing in the older population has been studied.MethodsWe searched for process evaluations of implementation strategies for reducing PIM prescribing in PUBMED, SCOPUS and Web of Science published between January 2000 and November 2019 in English. We applied the following inclusion criteria: patients aged ≥65 years, validated PIM criteria, and implementation process evaluated. The review focuses on decision support for health care professionals. We described the findings of the process evaluations, and compared the authors’ concepts of process evaluation of the included publications to those of Proctor et al.( 2010).ResultOf 9131 publications screened, 29 met our inclusion criteria. Different process evaluation conceptualizations were identified. Most process evaluations took place in the initial stages of the process (acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, and feasibility) and sustainability and implementation costs were seldom evaluated. None of the included publications evaluated fidelity.Multifaceted interventions were the most studied implementation strategies. Medication review was more common in acceptability evaluations, multidisciplinary interventions in adoption evaluations, and computerized systems and educational interventions in feasibility evaluations. Process evaluations were studied from the health care professionals’ viewpoint in most of the included publications, but the management viewpoint was missing.DiscussionThe conceptualization of process evaluation in the field of PIM prescribing is indeterminate. There is also a current gap in the knowledge of sustainability and implementation costs. Clarifying the conceptualization of implementation process evaluation is essential in order to effectively translate research knowledge into practice.  相似文献   
5.
Minimally invasive approaches are increasingly being applied in surgeries and have recently been used in living donor hepatectomy. We have developed a safe and reproducible method for minimally invasive living donor liver transplantation, which consists of pure laparoscopic explant hepatectomy and pure laparoscopic implantation of the graft, which was inserted through a suprapubic incision. Pure laparoscopic explant hepatectomy without liver fragmentation was performed in a 60-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The explanted liver was retrieved through a suprapubic incision. A modified right liver graft, procured from his 24-year-old son using the pure laparoscopic method, was inserted through a suprapubic incision, and implantation was performed intracorporeally throughout the procedure. The time required to remove the liver was 369 min, and the total operative time was 960 min. No complications occurred during or after the surgery. The patient recovered well, and his hospital stay was of 11 days. Pure laparoscopic living donor liver transplantation from explant hepatectomy to implantation was performed successfully. It is a feasible procedure when performed by a highly experienced surgeon and transplantation team. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm its safety and feasibility.

  相似文献   

6.
An essential role of critical care advanced practice providers—advanced practice registered nurses and physician assistants—is to have knowledge and competency to make accurate and efficient decisions. The ability to manage clinical scenarios involving medically deteriorating patients requires higher-order cognitive thinking and leadership skills that are challenging to extrapolate in traditional interviews. In critical care, advanced practice providers must make rapid clinical assessments and implement appropriate medical interventions to deter progression of life-threatening illnesses. Adding clinical simulation to the traditional interview allows interviewers to evaluate applicants’ crisis resource management skills, leadership, and clinical competency.  相似文献   
7.
Upper limb lympedema is a frequent consequence of breast cancer treatment. The International Society of Lymphology recommends physical therapy for lymphedema management. This treatment includes a combination of manual lymphatic drainage and high-compression bandaging. Actually, the effectiveness of manual lymphatic drainage remains an area of controversy, especially because of the many different techniques called “manual lymphatic drainage” since 1930. The purpose of this review was to emphasise the efficacy of these different techniques according to physiological data and evidence-based practice. To improve the manual lymphatic drainage efficiency, the pressure, sometimes important, should be tailored to each edema and the techniques had to consider altered lymphatic drainage patterns. The methods used by physical therapist in the studies should be specified for higher lightness.

Résumé
Le lymphœdème du membre supérieur est une séquelle du traitement des cancers du sein. Le traitement physique des lymphœdèmes est recommandé par la Société internationale de lymphologie. Il associe drainage lymphatique manuel et bandages de décongestion. Le drainage lymphatique manuel a fait l’objet de critiques quant à son effi- cacité. Or depuis son invention dans les années 1930, de très nombreuses techniques s’intitulent « drainage lymphatique manuel ». Les auteurs distinguent l’efficacité de ces différentes techniques en fonction des données de la physiologie lymphatique et de la démonstration de ses effets basée sur les faits. Pour améliorer son efficacité, le drainage lymphatique manuel doit être appliqué sur l’œdème avec une pression adaptée à la consistance de l’œdème, parfois élevée. Les manœuvres doivent prendre en considération les trajets remaniés des collecteurs lymphatiques. Les études qui l’utilisent doivent décrire la technique utilisée.  相似文献   
8.
背景 为加强农村地区卫生人才队伍建设,我国于2010年开始实施农村订单定向医学生培养项目。2015年,国家要求订单定向毕业生在毕业后须参加为期3年的住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)。 目的 了解订单定向毕业生参加住培情况,分析住培对执业医师资格考试通过率的影响,探究住培对订单定向毕业生培养和农村基层卫生人力的意义,为订单定向毕业生的高质量培养提供政策建议。 方法 2015年开始,在我国中西部3个省份共抽取4所承担订单定向培养项目的高校,建立订单定向毕业生队列,并按照班级1∶1选取同年毕业的普通临床毕业生作为对照,每年进行追踪随访。利用描述性分析展示订单定向毕业生参加住培的情况、执业医师资格考试通过率,并与普通临床毕业生比较。采用Cox回归分析参加住培对执业医师资格考试通过率的影响。 结果 2015—2019届订单定向毕业生中分别有86.69%(228/263)、86.78%(361/416)、87.79%(381/434)、91.08%(388/426)、94.43%(356/377)表示毕业后愿意参加住培,同届普通临床毕业生毕业后愿意参加住培的比例分别为72.20%(200/277)、58.75%(151/257)、70.42%(169/240)、73.23%(145/198)、61.03%(83/136);2015—2019届订单定向毕业生实际参加住培的比例分别为99.02%(202/204)、97.10%(301/310)、94.99%(322/339)、89.91%(285/317)、69.45%(241/347),同届普通临床生的参加比例分别为67.57%(100/148)、66.12%(80/121)、74.79%(89/119)、43.33%(39/90)、34.62%(27/78)。2015—2017届订单定向毕业生执业医师资格考试通过率达到99.23%(259/261)、94.86%(351/370)、91.74%(311/339),同届普通临床生的通过率分别为97.74%(173/177)、95.87%(116/121)、88.24%(105/119)。Cox回归结果显示,校正人口学变量、家庭经济状况、学医意愿、医学教育情况、参加住培相关因素后,参加住培组通过执业医师资格考试的概率是未参加住培组的1.23倍〔95%CI(1.02,1.49),P=0.031〕。 结论 订单定向毕业生住培参加意愿、住培参加比例、执业医师资格考试通过率均较高。参加住培能提高医学毕业生的能力,对通过执业医师资格考试有促进作用。  相似文献   
9.
目的:探讨儿科临床药师针对儿童患者及家长进行创新药学服务的实践及思考。方法:通过开展儿科专科药学门诊、床旁用药教育、社区儿童用药宣教和线上服务等创新药学服务项目,探讨儿科专科临床药师在药学转型发展中的作用。结果:37.4%的儿科药学门诊患者来自医师转诊,可实现临床医师和药师在专业知识上的互补,充分发挥专科临床药师的作用。床旁用药教育、社区儿童用药宣教和线上服务等项目的开展,不仅提升大众对安全合理用药和临床药师的认识,而且可引导需要咨询复杂专科用药问题的患儿家长到药学门诊挂号咨询。结论:儿科临床药师开展面向儿童及家长的创新药学服务,可促进儿童安全合理用药,提升药师职业形象及大众的信任度,为医院药学服务转型发展提供参考。  相似文献   
10.
In this fifth phase of development, the contents of the Spanish Asthma Management Guidelines (GEMA), which include versions 5.0 and 5.1, have undergone a thorough review. The aim here is to set the main changes in context. These could be summarized as follows: DIAGNOSIS: new FENO cut-off and severity classification based on treatment needed to maintain control; INTERMITTENT ASTHMA: a more restrictive concept and treatment extended to include a glucocorticoid/adrenergic combination as needed; MILD ASTHMA: glucocorticoid/adrenergic therapy as needed as an alternative in case of low therapeutic adherence to conventional fixed-dose steroids; SEVERE ASTHMA: readjustment of phenotypes, incorporation of triple therapy in a single inhaler, and criteria for selection of a biologic in severe uncontrolled asthma; OTHERS: specific scoring in childhood asthma, incorporation of certain organizational aspects (care circuits, asthma units, telemedicine), new sections on COVID-19 and nasal polyposis.  相似文献   
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