影响糖尿病足坏疽愈合的因素及针对性护理研究

目的探讨针对影响糖尿病肢端坏疽患者愈合因素进行针对性的护理。方法在600例糖尿病足坏疽住院患者中随机抽取168例分成2组,根据2组患者血浆蛋白、动脉硬化下肢血流量、微循环障碍程度、患足骨质破坏情况、缺乏糖尿病足坏疽的防治知识进行分析,找出影响愈合的因素,并做好针对性的护理工作。结果168例糖尿病足坏疽患者,下肢血流量、足背动脉搏动及甲襞微循环比较,2组差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);2组足坏疽合并肾病、骨质破坏和血红蛋白改变情况比较,2组差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论根据糖尿病足坏疽患者影响愈合的因素,进行针对性的护理,加快了糖尿病足坏疽患者的愈合速度,同时综合治疗有利于糖尿病足坏疽的早日愈合,可以减少截肢,提高了糖尿病足坏疽患者的生活质量。     

暴发性阴囊坏疽治疗9例体会

目的：探讨暴发性阴囊坏疽的治疗方法。方法：对9例患者均行外科清创、冲洗引流、抗感染等治疗，其中3例外暴露的睾丸暂置于浅表腔隙中，二期重建阴囊回纳睾丸，1例患者行高压氧治疗。结果：留置U形管引流者，重复清创手术的次数明显减少，体温及血常规恢复正常的时间较普通引流显著缩短，术后恢复迅速。结论：暴发性阴囊坏疽的治疗仍以清创及应用抗生素为主，术中多无须切除睾丸；条件许可，可配合高压氧治疗；U形多孔双向引流管在清创术后引流效果确切，对促进康复有明显优势。     

根部坏疽穿孔性阑尾炎的腹腔镜治疗

目的:探讨腹腔镜阑尾切除术(LA)治疗根部坏疽穿孔性阑尾炎的安全性和可行性。方法:总结2001年9月至2004年9月应用LA治疗45例根部坏疽穿孔性阑尾炎的临床资料,术中处理阑尾根部时,Endoloop阑尾根部直接套扎23例,间断缝合阑尾残端加医用生物蛋白胶覆盖15例,清除阑尾残余组织加医用生物蛋白胶覆盖残端放置硅胶引流管7例。结果:手术全部成功,无中转开腹,平均手术时间76.3m in,术后排气时间23.8h,11例术后使用止痛药,1例戳口感染,无肠漏及腹腔脓肿发生,平均住院时间5.5d。结论:对于根部坏疽穿孔性阑尾LA术是可行的,并具有创伤小、康复快、并发症少等优点。     

A rare case of complicated pancreatitis due to leptospirosis

The COVID-19 pandemic and the actions taken to combat it have greatly impacted the health infrastructure of all nations. Here we present a rare case of leptospirosis with severe acute pancreatitis, bilateral peripheral gangrene, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and multiorgan failure. This is a rare presentation of leptospirosis wherein the patient had no history suggestive of acquisition of leptospires. The patient was started on doxycycline but still could not be saved due to the multisystem involvement.     

Amputation as a marker of the quality of foot care in diabetes

Strategic targets for the management of foot ulcers focus on reducing the incidence of amputation. While data on the incidence of amputation can be obtained relatively easily, the figures require very careful interpretation. Variation in the definition of amputation, population selection and the choice of numerator and denominator make comparisons difficult. Major and minor amputation have to be distinguished as they are undertaken for different reasons and are associated with different costs and functional implications. Many factors influence the decision of whether or not to remove a limb. In addition to disease severity, co-morbidities, and social and individual patient factors, many aspects of the structure of care services affect this decision, including access to primary care, quality of primary care, delays in referral, availability and quality of specialist resources, and prevailing medical opinion. It follows that a high incidence of amputation can reflect a higher disease prevalence, late referral, limited resources, or a particularly interventionist approach by a specialist team. Conversely, a low incidence of amputation can indicate a lower disease prevalence or severity, good management of diabetes in primary and secondary care, or a particularly conservative approach by an expert team. An inappropriately conservative approach could conceivably enhance suffering by condemning a person to months of incapacity before they die with an unhealed ulcer. The reported annual incidence of major amputation in industrialised countries ranges from 0.06 to 3.83 per 10³ people at risk. Some centres have documented that the incidence is falling, but this is often from a baseline value that was unusually high. Other centres have reported that the incidence has not changed. The ultimate target is to achieve not only a decrease in incidence, but also a low overall incidence. This must be accompanied by improvements in morbidity, mortality, and patient function and mood.     

联合高压氧综合治疗 Fournier坏疽（附14例报告）

目的：探讨Fournier坏疽（Fournier＇s gangrene, FG）的发病因素、诊断、联合高压氧的治疗方法及预后。方法对收治的14例FG患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并探讨我们的诊治经验。全部患者均早期采用外科清创引流、足量抗生素抗感染、高压氧等联合治疗措施,清创同时行阴茎切除术＋膀胱造瘘及肠造瘘各1例。 II期行阴囊缝合成型术4例,阴囊植皮术8例,阴茎切除术后行尿道外口成型＋阴囊植皮1例。结果痊愈出院13例,仅1例患者因脓毒败血症所致多器官功能衰竭而死亡。结论 FG应早期诊断,尽早行广泛清创引流、广谱抗生素及高压氧治疗。待创面无明显炎症反应并长出新鲜肉芽组织后,行II期缝合或植皮术重塑阴囊、会阴部及阴茎皮肤。     

高压氧综合治疗小儿外伤后气性坏疽67例效果分析

目的 探讨小儿外伤后气性坏疽的早期诊断及高压氧（hyperbaric oxygen,HBO）综合治疗方案的疗效.方法 选择外伤后气性坏疽患儿67例,经急诊手术治疗后即采用高压氧治疗,每日两次,7次疗法,压力0.8～0.25 MPa,并配合抗炎、每日换药及对症处理.结果 67例患儿经HBO治疗后,复查梭状芽胞杆菌1日转阴率96.92％,2日转阴率100％.13例未行再次截肢,54例肢体保存,未发生继发、交叉感染和扩散.伤口痊愈,治愈率100％.结论 小儿外伤后气性坏疽早期症状、体症不典型,临床医师应提高警惕,抓住最佳时机,及早诊疗.合理、有效的高压氧抢救性治疗方案,配合手术、抗炎、换药等综合治疗,能最大限度缩小组织坏死范围,预防并发症的发生,有效保存肢体,降低截肢率,提高生存率及治愈率.     

干性与湿性愈合疗法在糖尿病足坏疽治疗中的应用

糖尿病足坏疽可分为干性坏疽、湿性坏疽、混合性坏疽。在同一伤口的不同时期,可分别采用干性或湿性愈合疗法,其辨证的关键在于局部血运及感染的情况。干性坏疽初期使用干性愈合疗法,加速坏死组织的脱水,待局部血运改善后采用湿性愈合疗法,促进创面愈合。湿性坏疽初期首先应用干性愈合疗法,控制感染,待感染控制后可采用湿性愈合疗法。混合性坏疽二者可同时应用。干性愈合疗法是控制感染的手段之一,湿性愈合疗法是去腐生肌、偎脓长肉的过程,二者相辅相成,相互转变,把握好应用时机,是促进慢性创面愈合的关键。