哈尔滨市社区卫生服务需求、利用及影响因素分析

目的：为了了解哈尔滨市居民对社区卫生服务的需求、利用情况以及影响因素。方法：采用分层整群抽样，对哈尔滨市2000名居民进行了入户调查。结果：被调查居民的两周患病率为34．3％，两周就诊率为27．7％，其未就诊率为30．0％。影响人们对卫生服务利用的因素有收入、患病次数、健康状况等因素。结论：社区卫生服务应不断加强和完善，从而真正成为实现卫生目标的有效途径。     

上海城市社区老年人生殖保健需求分析

目的:了解上海城市社区老年人生殖保健需求的特点。方法:对20个居民区35例老年人、20例服务人员进行访谈;对116例老年人进行结构式问卷调查。结果:31.9％的老年人自诉患有生殖系统疾病,23.3％担心患有生殖系统疾病,53.4％对性生活无兴趣,46.6％没有性生活,48.4％性生活中遇到困难。83.2％的老年人在遇到生殖系统问题时首选到医院就诊。表示会参加专门为老年人提供的生殖系统健康检查、有兴趣与异性老人结伴活动,以及希望社区提供有关老年人生殖保健方面的宣传、咨询服务的老年男性比例明显高于女性,分别为68.2％:32％、40.9％:24％、48.5％:38％。结论;老年人当中存在着大量潜在的生殖保健需求,而目前的老年生殖保健需求层次还较低,重点仍是生殖系统疾病的治疗;老年男性希望获得生殖保健服务的愿望比老年女性更为强烈。     

我国居家老人对社区三类健康服务需求的影响因素分析

目的 综合分析我国居家老人对社区保健知识、精神蔚籍和上门看病送药三类健康服务需求的影响因素。方法 利用CLHLS2017—2018调查数据,运用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析,采用二元logistic回归分析方法,探寻我国居家老人对社区三类健康服务需求的影响因素。结果 我国居家老人社区三类健康服务（保健知识:χ2 = 935.263,P＜0.001;精神蔚籍:χ2 = 406.578,P＜0.001;上门看病送药:χ2 = 325.448,P＜0.001）的需求与供给差异显著;除居住地、退休前职业、地区和抑郁程度是影响居家老人对三类健康服务需求的共同因素之外,两周患病（否:OR = 1.282,95%CI:1.072～1.534,P = 0.007）、每年体检（是:OR = 1.19,95%CI:1.021～1.387,P = 0.026）以及高血压诊断（否:OR = 1.224,95%CI:1.045～1.433,P = 0.012）等也影响居家老人对保健知识的需求,居住方式（独居:OR = 1.321,95%CI:1.094～1.594,P = 0.004）也影响居家老人对精神蔚籍的需求,年龄（70～79岁:OR = 0.792,95%CI:0.649～0.966,P = 0.022）和每年体检（是:OR = 0.821,95%CI:0.716～0.941,P = 0.005）也影响居家老人对上门看病送药的需求。结论 建议社区卫生机构全方位开展对健康居家老人的保健知识宣传;重视对独居和抑郁居家老人的心理健康服务;权衡自身资源和居家老人的实际情况,逐步推进上门看病送药服务。     

广东省惠州市未婚流动人口生育健康现状与需求

目的了解广东省惠州市未婚流动人口生育健康现状与需求。方法采用问卷调查,专题小组访谈、个人深入访谈和知情人访谈相结合的方法,收集相关的资料信息。结果共收回1333份有效问卷,年龄15~34岁,月平均收入100~2750元,每月食宿开支20~2000元,文化程度小学及以下占3.5%(37/1333),初中占52.0%(693/1333);高中、中专、职校占41.7%(556/1333),大专及以上占2.8%(37/1333),住宿形式多种多样,61.7%(822/1333)住单位集体宿舍,自己购房者仅占1.6%(21/1333),19.2%(256/1333)的人与父母交流生育健康问题,69.1%(921/1333)的人在现单位从未接受过生育健康教育,近一个月内有避孕套保护的性生活的比例只占8.4%(112/1333);出现生育健康问题时去医院治疗的比例只占17.9%(238/1333)。结论未婚流动人口的年龄结构年轻,文化程度偏低,居住不稳定,没有保护性的性行为较为多见,生育健康教育和医疗服务供给相对薄弱,需要提高生育健康教育服务和改善他们的生育健康状况。     

Understanding vaccine hesitancy in polio eradication in northern Nigeria

BackgroundVaccine hesitancy constitutes a major threat to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), and to further expansion of routine immunisation. Understanding hesitancy, leading in some cases to refusal, is vital to the success of GPEI. Re-emergence of circulating wild poliovirus in northern Nigeria in mid-2016, after 24 months polio-free, gives urgency to this. But it is equally important to protect and sustain the global gains available through routine immunisation in a time of rising scepticism and potential rejection of specific vaccines or immunisation more generally.Methods and findingsThis study is based on a purposive sampling survey of 1653 households in high- and low-performing rural, semiurban and urban areas of three high-risk states of northern Nigeria in 2013–14 (Sokoto, Kano and Bauchi). The survey sought to understand factors at household and community level associated with propensity to refuse polio vaccine.Wealth, female education and knowledge of vaccines were associated with lower propensity to refuse oral polio vaccine (OPV) among rural households. But higher risk of refusal among wealthier, more literate urban household rendered these findings ambiguous. Ethnic and religious identity did not appear to be associated with risk of OPV refusal.Risk of vaccine refusal was highly clustered among households within a small sub-group of sampled settlements. Contrary to expectations, households in these settlements reported higher levels of expectation of government as service provider, but at the same time lesser confidence in the efficacy of their relations with government.ConclusionsResults suggest that strategies to address the micro-political dimension of vaccination – expanding community-level engagement, strengthening the role of local government in public health, and enhancing public participation of women – should be effective in reducing non-compliance, as an important set of strategies complementary to conventional didactic/educational approaches and working through religious and traditional ‘influencers’.     

Reducing the probability of falsely elevated HbA1c results in diabetic patients by applying automated and educative HbA1c re-testing intervals

IntroductionToo frequent HbA1c measurements may lead to unnecessary treatment modifications of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to estimate the percentage of falsely elevated HbA1c results in two hospitals, Landeskrankenhaus/Uniklinikum Salzburg (LKH) and Landesklinik St. Veit (STV), as well as to retrospectively investigate the effect of an automated and an educative 60-day re-testing interval (RTI).MethodsThe amount of estimated falsely elevated results (eFER), based on odds calculated using the baseline and the follow-up values and the time between these measurements, the number of HbA1c re-testings within 60 days as well as the overall number of ordered and performed HbA1c analyses were calculated. In LKH, an automated algorithm cancelling inappropriate HbA1c testing was applied, and in STV, educational actions were taken.ResultsBefore RTI-implementation, eFER were 0.9% and 2.1% and within-60-days-re-testing were 15.0% and 7.4% of cases in LKH and STV, respectively. After RTI-implementation, these numbers decreased to 0.2% (p < .001) and 1.8% (p = .869) and within-60-days-re-testing decreased to 1.1% (p < .001) and 3.6% (p = .003) in LKH and STV, respectively. Median monthly HbA1c measurements decreased by 15.8% (p < .001) and 21.1% (p = .002) in LKH and STV, respectively.ConclusionBoth the educational and the automated 60-day-RTI were proven to be efficient in reducing overall HbA1c measurements, re-testing within 60 days and eFER.     

Randomized Trial of Interferon-Alpha plus Ursodeoxycholic Acid versus Interferon plus Placebo in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Resistant to Interferon

Background: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) could potentiate the effect of interferon (IFN) in patients with chronic hepatitis C resistant to IFN. We compared the efficacy of IFN with that of a combination of IFN and UDCA. Methods: Patients were randomized to receive UDCA (13-15 mg/kg/day) (n = 47) or placebo (n = 44) plus interferon (3 MU three times weekly) for 6 months and were then followed up for 6 additional months. Results: At entry 30% of patients had cirrhosis, and 70% had HCV genotype 1. Five and four patients withdrew from the combination and the monotherapy groups, respectively. At 6 months alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities were significantly lower (P &lt; 0.001) in the combination group than in the monotherapy group; the differences were no longer significant at 1 year. At 6 months ALAT activities normalized in 10 and 8 patients in the combination and the monotherapy groups, respectively (P = 0.67). In 10 of them (5 in each group) HCV RNA levels became undetectable. At 1 year four versus one patient had a sustained normalization of ALAT, and in one patient the HCV RNA became negative. There was no difference in the histologic progression. In this setting, in contrast to chronic cholestasis, UDCA administration induced an increase in total serum bile acids and did not change primary bile acids. Conclusions: An IFN plus UDCA combination is more effective than IFN alone in terms of ALAT but not in terms of the virologic response. These results favor the hypothesis that UDCA has an effect on the biochemical indices of cellular injury independent of a change in primary bile acids.     

医学院校信息管理与信息系统专业毕业论文撰写的教学模式

介绍了现阶段卫生信息化建设的人才需求、医学院校信息管理与信息系统专业毕业的就业形势和毕业论文撰写教学的重要性,重点分析了毕业论文撰写教学存在的问题,并以蚌埠医学院为例,有针对性地提出了具体改进措施,构建了基于成长性评价思想的新型毕业论文撰写教学模式。     

医生对医疗责任保险的认知和需求调查——以广州某三甲综合医院为例

目的:调查医生对医责险的认知与需求,为医责险在我国的进一步发展提供政策建议。方法:对广州某三甲综合医院医生进行分层随机抽样调查,同时对相关部门负责人及个别医生进行访谈。结果:风险越高的科室,对医责险的认知越高,工龄越长的医生,对医责险越了解;医责险受到医生的普遍支持,需求意愿强烈,但对保费承担主体及分担意见差异较大。讨论:医生对医责险仍缺乏足够的认知,有效宣传较缺乏;医责险的构建模式仍比较模糊,政府主导能力及市场运作能力严重不足。建议:加大宣传力度并优化流程,提高医责险的认知度和参与度,完善医责险具体内容,加强监管,探索建立适合我国国情的医责险发展模式。