男童尿道下裂的外科治疗

目的总结我院采用不同术式修复男童尿道下裂的经验。方法1996～2004年共收治男童尿道下裂患儿130例，年龄30个月～12岁，平均3．6岁，所有患者均行阴茎屈曲矫正和尿道成形术，其中膀胱黏膜代尿道术36例，阴囊中间皮肤岛状皮瓣法44例，带蒂岛状包皮、阴茎头隧道修复法（Dukett术）39例，带蒂岛状包皮、阴茎头隧道修复法加会阴皮管尿道成型术（Duckett—Duplay＇s）8例，尿道口基底血管瓣翻转法（Mathieu＇s）3例。结果130例患儿1次手术成功112倒，成功率86．1％。手术成功标准为：阴茎完全伸直，尿道开口龟头部位、阴茎外观尽量接近正常。结论尿道下裂的修复应根据患者的具体条件和手术者的操作技术而定，其中Duckett等术式外型美观，可作为首选。     

Analysis of puberty and pubertal growth in healthy boys

The aim of this study was to provide normative data for the onset and tempo of puberty in healthy boys. The analyses are based on data that were collected and evaluated biannually on 1112 Turkish school children aged from 8 to 18 years and a subsample of 30 boys who had reached final height (FH). The data were analyzed cross-sectionally in the total group and longitudinally in the subsample. Mean age and height (Ht) at onset of puberty were 11.6 ± 1.2 years and 146.1 ± 7.7 cm, respectively. Peak height velocity (HtV) was 10.1 ± 1.6 cm. Total pubertal height gain was 26.4 ± 4.3 cm. The duration of puberty was 4.9 ± 0.6 years. Height at onset of puberty was positively correlated with FH (p  <  0.0001) and with duration of puberty (p = 0.03). Body mass index at onset of puberty correlated negatively with age at onset of puberty (p < 0.009) and with the duration of puberty (p = 0.05) but not with FH. In conclusion, these results provide normative data for Ht and HtV for each testicular volume stage for boys in puberty. Height at onset of puberty is the most important determinant of FH. There is no secular trend for the onset of puberty. Weight does seem to affect the onset and tempo of puberty but not FH.     

男童肥胖性性发育不良家庭病床的建立与实践

目的探讨建立男童肥胖性性发育不良家庭病床的方法与意义。方法对体检筛查出来的肥胖性性发育不良男童通过建立家庭病床的形式进行了治疗和监控,并收集治疗前后患儿生活方式、体重指数以及性发育测量等方面资料进行对比总结。结果246例肥胖性性发育不良男童经过1~2个疗程的家庭病床治疗后,其肥胖以及性发育状况明显改善。男童肥胖性性发育不良治疗有效率达98%以上,创造了较好的社会效益和经济效益。结论男童肥胖性性发育不良的治疗是一项较长期的、需要医务人员、患病儿童以及家长共同努力的工作,建立家庭病床管理是一种行之有效而又便利病人的好方法,值得推广。     

广东省工读男生孤独感影响因素研究

目的探讨工读男生孤独感的影响因素。方法方便整群抽取195名工读男生做被试,对其进行孤独感量表、自尊量表、应付方式问卷与依恋问卷的测量。结果①差异检验:孤独感在年龄和家庭结构上差异不显著(U=1.676和1.384,P0.05);在年级上差异显著(U=3.328,P0.05);②相关分析:工读男生孤独感与自尊、积极应付方式和朋友亲和性呈显著负相关(相关系数分别为:r=-0.649,P0.05;r=-0.369,P0.01;r=-0.207,P0.01);工读生孤独感与消极应付方式、家庭焦虑性和朋友焦虑性呈显著正相关(相关系数分别为:r=0.149,P0.05;r=0.227,P0.01;r=0.439,P0.01);③回归分析:自尊、依恋和应付方式对孤独感有显著的预测作用,可解释总变异的54%,F(4,190)=53.716,P0.001。结论自尊、依恋和应付方式是工读男生孤独感的影响因素。     

Sex and gender differences in newborn infants: why are boys at increased risk?

Newborn boys have higher morbidity and mortality than girls. Several studies have shown that male newborn sex is an independent risk factor for adverse outcome. The specific mechanisms leading to the increased risks for newborn boys are not known. However, several sex-specific reactions and physiologic responses have been described in both the fetus and newborn infants. Some of these differences persist during childhood; although later other sex and gender-specific differences become more important. Recently, the research aiming at explaining the vulnerability in male infants has been intensified. Experimental data from newborn animals have shown that many sex differences can be explained by differences in hormonal function and stress responses. However, if these findings apply to humans as well is not yet known. The aim of this paper is to review literature on very early sex-specific differences and shed some light on the increased risks for male fetuses and newborn boys.     

郑州地区6～13岁男童性发育现状调查

目的：男童性发育不仅受年龄因素影响,且与所处环境、地区等因素有关。文中调查及评价郑州地区男童的性发育现状并探讨其影响因素。方法对来自郑州地区3779名6～13岁男童的身高、体重、腰围、臀围、阴茎及睾丸进行测定,比较不同年龄阴茎长度及睾丸容积的变化及影响因素,以及性发育的首发年龄及其特征。依据Tanner分期标准及标准图谱对受试者外生殖器和阴毛的发育情况进行分期评定,均分为5期。结果睾丸容积、阴茎长度随年龄增加而增大,在6～11岁时增加缓慢,11岁后迅速增加。睾丸容积增加幅度大于阴茎长度。3779名男童中超重395名（10．45％）,肥胖208名（5．50％）,正常组、超重组、肥胖组睾丸体积的平均秩次分别为1760．47、2036．20、1889．86,经秩和检验,3组间比较有显著差异（H＝27．01,P＝0．00）,正常组与超重组睾丸体积比较有差异,超重组睾丸体积大于正常组（P＝0．00）;正常组、超重组与肥胖组睾丸体积比较均无差异（P＝0．08,P ＝0．10）;超重组、肥胖组的阴茎长度均明显小于正常组（P＜0．01）,超重组与肥胖组阴茎长度比较无差异。睾丸容积、阴茎长度均与年龄、身高、体重、 BMI、腰围、臀围呈正相关,其中睾丸容积与身高相关性最强,而阴茎长度与年龄相关性最强。城区男童睾丸开始发育的年龄（平均12．02岁）晚于郊县（平均9．90岁）2．73岁,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）;阴毛开始发育（P2）和成熟（P5）的平均年龄分别为（12．34±0．83）岁和（12．39±1．24）岁。男童性早熟发生率为0．40％。结论郑州地区男童的性发育趋势与中国大规模调查结果接近,但对于肥胖对性发育的影响应引起相关部门的高度重视,尽早干预,避免性发育不良事件的发生。     

某医学院校男生面部蠕形螨感染情况分析

目的通过分析我校男生面部人体蠕形螨的感染情况及其影响因素,为进一步防治蠕形螨提供依据。方法透明胶带粘贴过夜法。结果在调查的我校男生中总感染率为37.5%(101/269)。轻度感染占92.1%(93/101)。辛辣油腻饮食者感染率明显高于清淡饮食者(P<0.01)。结论我校男生人体蠕形螨感染普遍,以轻度感染为主,感染与生活习惯有关。     

蒙古族与汉族男生身体形态发育的差异分析

目的 分析蒙古族与汉族男生身体形态发育指标的差异。方法 从2010年全国学生体质与健康调研数据中选取内蒙古自治区蒙古族和汉族男生身体测量数据,整理身高、体重、胸围、坐高、上臂部皮褶厚度(TST)、肩胛部皮褶厚度(SST)、腹部皮褶厚度(AST)、城乡及“是否遗精”指标,按“是否遗精”分层且调整城乡因素分析蒙古族与汉族男生身体形态发育指标的差异。结果 11、12、14岁蒙古族男生“已遗精”比例低于汉族男生(0 vs. 8.1%,3.2% vs. 15.3%,62.5% vs. 76.0%,均P<0.05);“未遗精”(11～14岁)汉族男生身高高于蒙古族(1.4 cm,P<0.01)、坐高、胸围、体重、TST、SST、AST、BMI与蒙古族差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);“已遗精”(12～17岁)汉族男生身高、坐高、胸围、体重、SST、BMI高于蒙古族(1.8 cm、0.6 cm、3.1 cm、3.1 kg、1.7 mm、0.7 kg/m²,均P<0.05),TST、AST与蒙古族差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05).结论 汉族男生身高指标可能优于蒙古族男生,汉族“已遗精”男生坐高、胸围、体重、SST、BMI指标优于蒙古族,遗精前后两民族男生身体形态发育指标差异可能不同。