Treatment of essential tremor with the barbiturate T2000 (1,3-dimethoxymethyl-5,5-diphenyl-barbituric acid).

The effect of the barbiturate T2000 (1,3-dimethoxymethyl-5,5-diphenyl-barbituric acid; DMMDPB) on essential tremor, given in twice daily doses of 400 and 300 mg, was assessed in two brief, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, double-blinded, single-center trials in 12 and 22 patients, respectively. These trials represent the first clinical use of T2000 for a specific indication. The primary endpoint was the change in the mean scores of the treated and control groups based on the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin tremor scale. In the first study of 12 patients treated with 400 mg or placebo twice daily for 14 days, the mean change from baseline at day 14 was 19.3 (P < 0.0001) in the treated group and 9.0 (P = 0.0121) in the control group. Using a two-factor mixed ANOVA model to evaluate within group and between group changes, the effect of T2000 was significantly different from that of the placebo group (P = 0.03). In the second study of 22 patients treated with 300 mg of T2000 or placebo twice daily for 20 days, statistically significant changes were seen in treated patients compared to baseline, but the ANOVA model did not demonstrate a significant treatment effect of T2000 compared to placebo. When the treated groups from each study are compared, the 800-mg daily group is significantly different from the 600-mg daily group (P = 0.02). Some treated patients in each study, but no placebo patients, experienced marked improvement. These results support further evaluation of T2000 in the treatment of essential tremor.     

ISO9001:2000与《血站质量管理规范》相互整合的意义

《血站质量管理规范》某些方面具体该如何实施还需要探索。在实施《血站质量管理规范》建立质量管理体系的过程中，在质量方针、质量目标、内部质量审核、管理评审、文件系统等方面借鉴ISO9001：2000的成功经验并引用其具体内容可以使我们少走弯路。     

Project 2000: perceptions of the philosophy and practice of nursing: shifting perceptions—a new practitioner?

This is the first of two papers which address aspects of the findings of a large scale study commissioned by the English National Board which set out to examine the impact of Project 2000 on perceptions of the philosophy and practice of nursing. The findings presented here suggest that there have been fundamental shifts in perceptions of the nature and discipline of nursing. Students and diplomates of the course perceive themselves as knowledgeable doers, with their practice well grounded in theory and research. They value the interpersonal skills teaching and place the patient firmly at the centre of care delivery, viewing the patient holistically and being prepared to be fierce patient advocates where necessary. It is difficult to determine the extent to which these shifts can be attributed to the Project 2000 course, although the Project 2000 approach to education appears to be an important factor.     

Risk factors of type 2 diabetes among Korean adults: The 2001 Korean national health and nutrition examination survey

This study aimed to identify risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Korea, a rapidly changing country. Data of 5,132 adults aged 20-85 were used from the 2001 Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multiple logistic regression was carried out to identify risk factors for T2D. Three models were specified: (i) socioeconomic and demographic factors (model 1: age, gender, education, poverty income ratio, employment), (ii) behavioral risk factors and covariates (model 2: obesity, physical activity, smoking, alcohol drinking, dietary quality, family history of T2D, co-morbidity) and (iii) socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors (model 3). The prevalence of T2D was 7.4%. Less education (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.08-1.84), age (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.56-3.08 in 40-59 yrs, OR 4.05, 95% CI 2.76-5.95 in 60 yrs + comparing to 20-39 yrs) and abdominal obesity (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.79-2.82) were risk factors for T2D even after controlling for other factors simultaneously. There was a significant association of T2D with ever smoking (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06-1.67). The relationship of age with T2D was modified by gender in model 1 and the relationship of smoking with T2D was modified by obesity in model 2. Less educated, older, obese or ever smokers were more likely to have T2D. Gender mediated the relationship of age, and obesity mediated the relationship of smoking, with T2D. Intervention programs for T2D in Korea should take the interactions among risk factors into account.     

Posterior instability near extension is related to clinical disability in isolated posterior cruciate ligament deficient patients

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the magnitude of knee laxity and posterior instability at different knee flexion angles and clinical disability in isolated posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) deficient patients. Knee laxity at 20° and 70° of knee flexion were evaluated using KT-2000 arthrometer, and the posterior instability at 20°, 45° and 90° of flexion were evaluated using stress radiography. We assessed the differences in the knee laxity and the tibial translation between isolated PCL deficient knees and normal knees, and between the patients with giving-way during activities of daily living (ADL) and without giving-way. There were statistical differences in the knee laxity and the tibial translation at all knee flexion angles between the PCL deficient knees and normal knees. The magnitude of the knee laxity at 20° of flexion measured with KT-2000 arthrometer was significantly larger in the patients with giving-way than those in the patients without giving-way although there was no significant difference in the tibial translation at 70° between the two groups. The tibial translation in both medial and lateral compartments at 20° and 45° measured with stress radiography were significantly larger in the patients with giving-way than those in the patients without giving-way although there was not significant difference at 90° between the two groups. These results suggested that the magnitude of the knee laxity and the posterior tibial translation at shallow knee flexion angles would be related to giving-way during ADL in isolated PCL deficient patients.     

The implications of Project 2000 and the formation of links with higher education for the professional and academic needs of nurse teachers in the United Kingdom

A national study was conducted between 1991 and 1994 to explore and describe the changing role of the nurse teacher following the introduction of Project 2000 pre-registration nursing courses. Multiple methods were used to collect data from a wide variety of respondents (nurse teachers, midwife teachers, clinical nurses, health service managers and higher education lecturers). This paper presents the findings relating to the impact of Project 2000 and the move into higher education on the continuing educational needs of nurse teachers. Views on college strategies for staff development, the changing nature of teachers'academic and professional development needs and the problems of the conflicting demands experienced are reported. The research highlights the need for clinical credibility to be clearly defined in relation to nurse teachers and for educational institutions to place more emphasis on teachers'clinical development if the rhetoric of policy is to become a reality.     

The Complete Nucleotide Sequence of the PanAsia Strain of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Isolated in Japan

The complete nucleotide sequence of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) O/JPN/2000 strain, the PanAsia strain, was determined by cycle sequencing and primer walking. The 5 end of the genome upstream from homopolymeric poly(C) tract (S-fragment) was 367 nucleotides in length, and the remainder of the genome (L-fragment), excepting the poly(A) tail, was 7808 nucleotides. The L-fragment contains a single open reading frame of 6996 nucleotides terminating at a UAA codon 96 bases from the 3 poly(A) sequence. Comparison of sequences shows that the length of the structural and non-structural protein coding regions are identical to those in the O1/Kaufbeuren strain, and no striking differences such as deletion or insertion were observed between them.     

Clinical use of biofeedback in rehabilitation

Clinical electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback was an outgrowth of diagnostic electromyography and research on the fine control of motor units. In rehabilitation, EMG biofeedback has gained a firm place in the treatment of upper motor neuron lesions, particularly in retraining muscles and inducing relaxation of spastic muscles of stroke patients. In cerebral palsy and musculoskeletal disturbances, additional feedback transducers (e.g., electrogoniometers, pressure-sensitive and position-sensing devices) are gaining wider use. Spasmodic torticollis has proved to be particularly suitable for behavioral methods of treatment, including EMG feedback.     

消炎痛对中晚期原发性肝癌病人NK细胞及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

观察中晚期原发性肝癌病人在口服呋喃氟尿嘧啶的基础上加用消炎痛 (吲哚美辛 ) (治疗组 )和不加用消炎痛 (对照组 )外周血自然杀伤 (NK)细胞及T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。结果发现 :治疗组治疗后NK细胞活性较治疗前及较对照组治疗后显著提高 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,而T淋巴细胞亚群的变化差异无显著性。提示消炎痛能增强中晚期原发性肝癌NK细胞的活性     

计算机2000年问题对医院的影响及对策

计算机２０００年问题对医院最明显的影响是计算机系统届时交病的信息丢失,财务系统不能正常工作,网络瘫痪等。此外,由于嵌入式问题将造成医疗设备运行混乱,从而危及病人的生命和健康。医院应采取的对策是：认知计算机２０００年问题,产品清查,确定问题范围,对问题进行评估,制定应急计划,制定解决方案,具有体实施和检验验证。