Hydrophilicity Tunable Hyperbranched Polymers by Visible Light Induced Self‐Condensing Vinyl Polymerization

A facile and efficient route for synthesizing hydrophilicity tunable hyperbranched polymers is described. The method is based on the visible light induced self‐condensing vinyl copolymerization of tert‐butyl acrylate (tBA) and 2‐(2‐bromoisobutryloxy)ethyl methacrylate (BIBEM) as monomer and inimer, respectively, in the presence of dimanganese decacarbonyl (Mn₂(CO)₁₀). Subsequently, the hydrophlicity of the resulting hydrophobic hyperbranched polymers is tuned by hydrolysis of the tert‐butyl ester moieties of the copolymer. The effect of inimer concentration and irradiation time on the branching density and hydrophilicity is evaluated. The precursor and hydrolyzed hyperbranched polymers are characterized by ¹H NMR, GPC, FT‐IR, and contact angle measurements.     

Visible Light Controlled Polymerization of Azide‐Derived Monomers: A Facile,Metal‐Free PET‐ATRP Route to Construct Azide Polymers

Well‐defined azide polymers are successfully synthesized by visible‐light‐induced metal‐free electron transfer–atom transfer radical polymerization (PET‐ATRP) at room temperature. This technique uses Eosin Y/Et₃N as the reductive quenching photocatalyst system, which can effectively prevent the destruction of the azide group in polymerization. Four kinds of azide‐derived monomers participate well in this reaction and obtain satisfactory results. The kinetic behavior, “ON/OFF” experiment, and chain‐extension experiment confirm the living feature of this visible light controlled polymerization. Moreover, random copolymers obtained by this protocol can be used as surface modifier which further demonstrates the utility and reliability of this method.     

正交试验结合苯酚-硫酸法优选茅苍术中多糖的提取工艺

目的:优选出茅苍术中多糖成分的最佳水提取工艺。方法:采用水提醇沉法提取多糖成分,以苯酚-硫酸法测定总多糖的含量。以总多糖含量为评价指标,以提取时间、提取次数和加水量为影响因素,采用正交试验优选茅苍术中总多糖的最佳提取工艺。结果:茅苍术中多糖成分的最佳提取工艺为水提取3次,每次加水10倍量,每次提取1.0小时。结论:正交试验结合苯酚-硫酸法考察茅苍术中多糖成分的最佳水提取工艺稳定可行。     

超细颗粒物对大鼠离体灌注心脏功能的影响

目的: 研究超细颗粒物(ultrafine particulates,UFPs)对大鼠离体心脏功能的影响及其机制。方法: 以含或不含UFPs的台式液经Langendorff系统持续灌流大鼠离体心脏模型40 min,观察灌流前后两组大鼠心脏血流动力学指标[左心室舒张压(left ventricular developed pressure,LVDP)、左心室内压最大上升和最大下降速率(±dp/dt_max)及冠脉流量(coronary flow,CF)]的变化。收集肺动脉流出液,采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA),水溶性四唑盐法测定超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD), 比色法测定总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,TAOC)。免疫组织化学法和Western blots法测定两组心脏标本p-p38 MAPK、p-JNKs、p-ERKs的表达。结果: 相对于对照组,UFPs灌流组大鼠离体心脏功能指标LVDP、+dp/dt_max、-dp/dt_max、CF分别从(82.6 ± 2.1) mmHg、(1 624 ± 113) mmHg/s、(1 565 ± 116) mmHg/s、(12.0 ± 0.2) mL/min降至灌注结束时的(56.8 ± 4.4) mmHg、(1 066 ± 177) mmHg/s、(1 082 ± 134) mmHg/s、(8.7 ± 0.3) mL/min,各指标灌流结束时相比灌流初始值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。UFPs灌流组肺动脉流出液MDA含量明显高于对照组[(1.95±0.18) nmol/L vs. (0.98±0.14) nmol/L,P<0.05],而SOD、TAOC明显低于对照组[(6.50±1.04) U/mL vs. (12.50±1.87) U/mL,(3.67±0.82) U/mL vs. (6.83±1.16) U/mL, P<0.05 ]。UFPs灌流组p-p38 MAPK、p-JNKs、p-ERKs 较对照组表达明显增加(P<0.05)。结论: UFPs短期暴露对大鼠离体心脏有直接的急性毒性作用,其作用机制可能与氧化应激及MAPK信号通路激活有关。     

肾细胞癌与乏脂肪肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的鉴别分类模型：基于随机投影的多分类器分层融合框架

目的 研究基于随机投影的多分类器分层融合的分类模型对良性肾小肿块乏脂肪肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（<4 cm）（AMLwvf）和恶性肾小肿块肾细胞癌（RCC）的鉴别能力。方法 回顾性收集163例经病理证实存在肾小肿块的患者,其中118例为肾细胞癌,45例为乏脂肪肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,对平扫CT图像中病灶面积最大的代表性切片进行目标感兴趣区域（ROI）勾画,利用放射组学特征构建一个层次型的融合框架。在投影域水平上对同质分类器进行融合,然后在分类器水平上对融合结果进行进一步融合,最终得到基于随机投影的多分类器分层融合的AMLwvf和RCC鉴别分类模型。采用五折交叉验证方法和特异性（SPE）、灵敏度（SEN）、准确率（ACC）、ROC曲线下面积（AUC）评价AMLwvf与RCC鉴别分类模型的性能。将本研究所提模型与使用单一基分类器算法以及几种传统的集成模型对AMLwvf和RCC的鉴别分类能力进行定量比较,验证本研究所提鉴别模型的可行性和有效性。结果 投影数设置为10时,本文提出的分层融合鉴别模型在所有指标上获得最好的结果。基于投影数为10的前提,五折交叉验证结果显示本研究所提出的基于多分类器分层融合的AMLwvf和RCC鉴别分类模型的SPE、SEN、ACC、AUC分别为：0.853、0.693、0.809、0.870。结论 基于随机投影的多分类器集成分类系统构建的AMLwvf和RCC鉴别模型可以很好地对 AMLwvf 和 RCC 进行鉴别分类。同时与基于单一分类器算法以及其他多分类器集成系统构建的AMLwvf和RCC的鉴别模型相比,本文所提出鉴别模型在AMLwvf和RCC的鉴别分类任务中具有较大优势。     

Segmentation of the Visible Human for high-quality volume-based visualization

This article describes a combination of interactive classification and super-sampling visualization algorithms that greatly enhances the realism of 3-D reconstructions of the Visible Human data sets. Objects are classified on the basis of ellipsoidal regions in RGB space. The ellipsoids are used for super-sampling in the visualization process.