PS结合CPAP治疗新生儿肺透明膜病的疗效

目的 探讨PS(肺表面活性物质)结合CPAP(鼻塞式持续气道正压通气)对新生儿肺透明膜病患儿的治疗效果.方法 随机选取医院2016年8月—2018年8月收治的106例新生儿肺透明膜病患儿,并将其均分为常规组(n=53)与联合组(n=53).其中对常规组患儿单纯用鼻塞式持续气道正压通气治疗,对联合组患儿在前者基础上配合肺表面活性物质治疗.结果 联合组患儿治愈率显著高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与常规组患儿相比,联合组患儿肺炎发生率更低,且氧疗时间更短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 肺表面活性物质联合鼻塞式持续气道正压通气治疗新生儿肺透明膜病,其疗效更明显,可在提高临床治愈率的同时,减少肺炎发生率并缩短氧疗时间.     

Analysis of retinopathy of prematurity screening in Tianjin, China

AIM: To analyze the findings of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) exam in Tianjin, and study the impact of pulmonary surfactant Curosurf and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in ROP. METHODS: A multicenter retrospective review. 2894 preterm infants (1592 males, 1302 females) from several hospitals in Tianjin were screened from January 2009 to December 2013. Demographic information, ophthalmic outcomes and possible systemic risk factors were recorded. Gestation age, birth weight, oxygen supplementation, Curosurf and NCPAP were used to estimate risk factors for ROP. RESULTS: ROP was found in 448 eyes of 224 patients (7.7%). Among which, severe ROP developed in 98 eyes of 49 patients (21.9%). There was significant statistical difference in RDS, NCPAP, and Curosurf usage between control and ROP groups (P=0.000). Multiple logistic regression analyses of ROP indicated that lower birth weight, younger gestational age, and oxygen supplementation were the risk factors leading to ROP. As the usage rate of Curosurf and NCPAP increased year by year, the usage of oxygen supplementation gradually decreased, the incidence of ROP was also on the decline. CONCLUSION: Low birth weight, young gestational age and oxygen supplementation are associated with ROP. The use of Curosurf and NCPAP may be the factor that reduces the occurrence of ROP.     

Asbestos exposure and tuberculous pleurisy as developmental causes of progressive unilateral upper-lung field pulmonary fibrosis radiologically consistent with pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis

BackgroundUnilateral upper-lung field pulmonary fibrosis (upper-PF), which is radiologically consistent with pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis, develops after thoracic surgery. In most patients with unilateral upper-PF, aberrant intra-/extra thoracic air commonly emerges and an autopsy shows chronic pleuritis, which indicates that pleural involvement is associated with upper-PF development. If so, there may be patients with unilateral upper-PF who have a history of pleural involvement, including tuberculous pleurisy (TP) or asbestos exposure (AE). This study aimed to examine this supposition.MethodsWe examined the radiological reports of all consecutive patients from 2012 to 2018 to investigate whether there were patients having unilateral upper-PF and a history of TP or AE.ResultsEight patients were included in the study. Five patients had a history of TP, and the remaining three had that of AE. All patients were men and had respiratory symptoms, and seven patients presented with restrictive ventilatory impairment. The interval between TP or last AE and upper-PF development was long, with a median of over 20 years. The upper-PF lesion was commonly located in the right lung, and aberrant intrathoracic air was observed in five patients during their clinical course. Additionally, the upper-PF lesion transformed into a cystic lesion in six patients, which resulted in Aspergillus infection in two patients. The prognosis was poor, with a median overall survival of 38 months.ConclusionsUnilateral upper-PF developed even in patients with a history of pleural involvement. Our results indicate that pleural involvement plays an important role in the development of unilateral upper-PF.     

Less-invasive surfactant administration (LISA)

Less-invasive surfactant administration (LISA) is a technique whereby surfactant is given via a thin catheter inserted in the trachea. Although some current guidance has been to administer LISA in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) without endotracheal intubation, the use of LISA differs across the world. The LISA technique allows the infant to remain on non-invasive ventilation support and avoids intubation and therefore mechanical ventilation. Practicalities around the procedure such as the use of premedication or the administration on delivery suite as prophylaxis are yet to be fully studied. Through recent meta-analyses, LISA has been shown to reduce the combined outcome of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and mortality in preterm infants. This article summarises the evidence and discusses the practicalities of LISA in a clinical setting.     

PS联合CPAP治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征临床研究

目的通过研究肺表面活性物质(PS)结合持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)的治疗效果,进一步指导NRDS的临床治疗。方法选取于2017年4月-2018年10月间在本院收治的80例确诊为新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的患儿作为研究对象,随机将患儿分为试验组和对照组,对照组给予持续气道正压通气治疗,试验组在对照组的基础上联合使用PS治疗。结果试验组对于呼吸窘迫缓解的有效率明显高于对照组,在气管插管内滴入PS治疗后试验组的血气情况明显优于对照组,且试验组患儿副作用发生率明显低于对照组,以上指标差异具有统计学意义,P <0.05。结论 PS结合CPAP在新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的治疗中疗效很好。     

Apalutamide-induced severe interstitial lung disease: A report of two cases from Japan

Apalutamide, a competitive inhibitor of the androgen receptor, is being increasingly used for the treatment of prostate cancer. There have been few reports of interstitial lung disease in clinical trials of apalutamide. However, two cases of apalutamide-induced interstitial lung disease with respiratory failure in Japanese males, who were successfully treated with high-dose corticosteroids, are presented here. These cases suggest that clinicians should be alert to the potentially life-threatening risk of pulmonary toxicity associated with apalutamide treatment.     

肺泡表面活性物质联合双水平气道正压通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效及对其血清TGF-β1和BMP-7表达水平的影响

目的探讨肺泡表面活性物质(PS)联合双水平气道正压通气(BiPAP)治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)的临床疗效及对其血清中转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)和骨形态发生蛋白-7(BMP-7)表达水平的影响,为临床诊治提供参考依据。方法将2015年1月-2017年4月佳木斯大学附属第一医院收治的80例NRDS患儿随机分为观察组及对照组;对照组采用BiPAP治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上联合PS治疗;在治疗结束后对临床疗效进行评估;治疗前及治疗结束后1h记录患儿呼吸频率、心率、氧合指数指标,并记录不良反应;治疗前及治疗后24h检测患儿血清中TGF-β1及BMP-7水平。结果观察组临床疗效显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后患儿心率、呼吸显著降低,氧合指数显著升高,且观察组患儿心率、呼吸显著低于对照组,氧合指数显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);治疗后两组患儿血清中TGF-β1及BMP-7水平均显著降低,且观察组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用PS联合BiPAP对NRDS患儿治疗后,可有效提高临床疗效并降低不良反应发生率,并可有效改善血清中TGF-β1及BMP-7水平。     

Exploring two contrasting surface‐active exopolysaccharides from a single strain of Ochrobactrum utilizing different hydrocarbon substrates

During production and characterization of exopolysaccharides (EPS) of Ochrobactrum pseudintermedium C1, it was observed that an experimental change in the basic hydrocarbon type of substrate for bacterial utilization led to elicitation of different surface‐active properties in the EPS produced. In the sugar substrate, it elicited surfactant property, while in oil substrates it elicited emulsifying property, which indicated that the EPS might be different. Consequently, attention was focused on a detailed analysis of this substrate‐specific EPS. Utilizing waste sugar, edible, and mineral oil substrates, EPS produced in each situation was characterized. Besides estimating surface activity and thermostability, each substrate‐specific EPS was analyzed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy, ¹H‐nuclear magnetic resonance, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization—time of flight mass spectroscopy to find any structural difference. The results were significantly contrasting although the similarity in molecular mass suggested a basic similarity in polysaccharide structure. Morphological differences were also evident both macroscopically and microscopically with scanning electron microscopy. As the surface‐active property of EPS was dependent on the substrate utilized, their structural differences might account for it. These diverse surface activities of EPS produced by a single bacterial strain simply by changing the nature of substrate would also augment their bioapplications. Moreover, utilization of waste and easily available substrates should make such applications convenient, ecofriendly, and cost‐worthy.     

谷氨酰胺联合比阿培南对老年重症肺炎患者的疗效及血清肺表面活性蛋白的影响

目的 研究谷氨酰胺联合比阿培南对老年重症肺炎患者血清肺表面活性蛋白的影响。方法 选择2012年1月—2017年12月在西安市第四医院进行诊治的232例老年重症肺炎患者,随机分为两组。对照组静脉注射比阿培南,观察组联合静脉滴注谷氨酰胺。两组均治疗7 d。比较两组的住院时间、临床症状改善时间、血清肺表面活性蛋白水平和肺功能。结果 观察组的有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组的咳嗽消失时间、体温恢复正常时间、平均住院时间以及肺部X线吸收改善时间均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组治疗后的血清肺表面活性蛋白A（SP-A）以及肺表面活性蛋白D（SP-D）水平均明显升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组治疗后的FEV1、FVC、MEF25、PEF以及MWV50均明显升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 谷氨酰胺联合比阿培南对老年重症肺炎患者具有较好的治疗效果,其机制可能与升高血清肺表面活性蛋白水平,增强气道局部防御以及免疫调节功能相关。     

聚乙二醇抑制变形链球菌生长的实验研究

目的 :探讨聚乙二醇 (polyethyleneglycol,PEG)与变形链球菌作用后 ,其抑制细菌生长的效果。方法 :采用 2种低分子量的PEG(Mr分别为 2 0 0和 4 0 0 ,简称PEG2 0 0和PEG4 0 0 ) ,各选 4种不同浓度与细菌作用 ,分别经过 2 4和 4 8h培养 ,用分光光度计测试细菌生长的A540 值。结果 :经双因素无重复实验方差分析结果显示 :PEG的分子量大小和浓度高低及培养时间对实验结果均有较大的影响 ,两实验组之间以及实验组与对照组之间结果相差非常显著 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,即认为在培养时间为 2 4h时 ,浓度越大 ,分子量越小 (Mr为 2 0 0 ) ,抑制细菌生长的效果越好。结论 :低分子量的PEG作为非离子型表面活性剂 ,在一定时间内对抑制变链球菌的生长是有效的 ,值得我们对其防龋作用作进一步的研究探讨