不同严重程度鼻炎患者尘螨舌下特异性免疫治疗临床效果观察

目的　评估不同严重程度变应性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis，AR）患儿进行规范化舌下特异性免疫治疗（sublingual immunotherapy， SLIT）的疗效。方法　选取2017年5—12月首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院耳鼻喉科就诊的3～14岁对粉尘螨过敏的AR患儿181例， 按治疗方式不同分为对照组（n＝92， 给予常规药物治疗）和SLIT组（n＝89， 给予尘螨特异性免疫治疗）； 采用AR评分标准， 根据患儿鼻部症状总评分（total nasal symptoms score， TNSS）， 将对照组分为轻度组（n＝35）、中度组（n＝28）和重度组（n＝29）；将SLIT分为轻度组（n＝27）、中度组（n＝33）和重度组（n＝29）。收集第6个月、 1年、 2年的随访数据， 分别对患儿进行TNSS、 鼻炎用药评分（total rhinitis medication scores， TRMS）和视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale，VAS）评分。结果　（1）治疗2年后， SLIT组与对照组患儿TNSS评分分别为0.61±0.73、 1.61±1.17， TRMS分别为0.21±0.41、 0.59±0.70， VAS分别为0.63±0.70、 1.53±1.24， 两组间差异有统计学意义， Z值分别为6.269、 4.139、5.174， P值均＜0.05； （2）轻度组（n＝62）组内分析： SLIT组（n＝27）与对照组（n＝35）比较， 治疗6个月、 1年， 两组的TNSS、 TRMS、 VAS差异均无统计学意义（Z值分别为-0.108、 0.232、 0.788， 0.774、 0.033、 -0.718； P值均＞0.05）； 治疗2年时两组的TRMS、 VAS差异无统计学意义（Z值分别为0.230、 1.255， P＞0.05）， TNSS在两组间差异有统计学意义（Z值为2.528， P值均＜0.05）； （3）中度组（n＝61）组内分析： 与对照组（n＝28）比较， SLIT组（n＝33）治疗6个月， TRMS、 VAS在两组间差异均无统计学意义（Z值分别为-0.413、 0.412， P值均＞0.05）， 但两组的TNSS差异有统计学意义（Z值为2.397， P＜0.05）； 治疗1年、2年的TNSS、 TRMS、 VAS两组间比较， 差异均有统计学意义（Z值分别为4.952、 2.740、 3.293； 4.743、 2.505、 3.330； P值均＜0.05）； （4）重度组（n＝58）组内分析： 与对照组（n＝29）比较， SLIT组（n＝29）治疗6个月、 1年、 2年的TNSS、 TRMS、 VAS在两组间差异均有统计学意义（Z值分别为2.567、 2.086、 2.781， 4.996、 4.264、 2.756， 4.253、 4.480、 4.515， P值均＜0.05）。结论　采用标准化粉尘螨滴剂舌下治疗尘螨致敏AR患儿， 治疗2年可获得较单纯药物治疗更佳的疗效， 尤其在病情严重患儿，其获益更大。     

Application of recombinase polymerase amplification method for rapid detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus

Infectious laryngotracheitis is a significant respiratory disease of chickens that causes huge economic losses due to high morbidity and mortality and reduced egg production. A real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay was developed to accurately detect ILTV. The specific probe and primer sets were carefully designed and screened. The real-time RPA assay was carried out at 39 °C for 30 min, and results were obtained within 15 min. The results of the specificity assay showed no fluorescence signals with other avian-related viruses. The sensitivity of the assay was 1 × 10² copies/μL. The low CV value showed that the assay was reproducible. A total of 115 clinical samples were tested using the real-time RPA assay and the real-time PCR assay in parallel; the coincidence rates of the two detection methods were 100%. The results indicated that the real-time RPA assay is a specific, sensitive, rapid, and useful tool for epidemiological studies and clinical diagnosis, especially in the field and in resource-poor areas.     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy for 102 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma at a single Japanese institute

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a widely accepted standard procedure for patients with clinically localized melanoma. Melanoma prevalence and Clark's subtype differ between Asians and Caucasians. Here, we evaluated our experience on SLNB for cutaneous melanoma in a Japanese population. SLNB was performed for patients with melanoma between July 2000 and June 2014. We retrospectively analyzed 102 patients regarding association of clinicopathological features with sentinel lymph node (SLN) status, melanoma‐specific survival (MSS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). A positive SLN was significantly associated with primary Breslow thickness. Compared with 43 patients with negative SLN, 59 patients with positive SLN had significantly shorter MSS (5‐year survival rate, 94.3% vs 63.2%; P = 0.0002) and DFS (5‐year survival rate, 92.7% vs 63.4%; P = 0.0004). According to our subgroup analyses, nine patients with positive non‐SLN had significantly shorter MSS compared with 32 patients with negative non‐SLN (5‐year survival rate, 32.4% vs 68.5%; P = 0.0273). The survival of 51 Japanese patients with acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) was not inferior to the survival of patients with other Clark's subtype. Breslow thickness is an important factor for both MSS and DFS, and the status of SLN is the most predictive prognostic factor in Japanese patients with clinically localized melanomas, as in case of Caucasians. Features of ALM may be different between Asians and Caucasians.     

长春西部地区1258例过敏原特异性IgE检测结果分析

目的了解长春西部地区过敏原特异性IgE分布情况。方法应用免疫印迹法检测1 258例患者的19种吸入性及食物性过敏原特异性IgE抗体,统计过敏原结果及种类。结果 1 258例患者,检出至少一种特异性IgE阳性率为34.0%。男性阳性率为33.5%;女性阳性率为34.5%。男女间阳性率差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。吸入性过敏原阳性率由高到低依次为:普通豚草14.2%、艾蒿11.4%、屋尘螨/粉尘螨8.1%、猫毛3.8%、狗上皮2.4%、柳树/杨树/榆树2.1%,屋尘1.6%、蟑螂1.6%、点青霉/分枝孢霉/烟曲霉/交链孢霉1.2%、葎草1.1%。食物性过敏原阳性率由高到低依次为:鸡蛋白2.9%、鳕鱼/龙虾/扇贝2.7%、牛奶2.3%、黄豆1.9%、蟹1.5%、虾1.3%、牛肉1.2%、花生1.0%、羊肉0.8%。混合过敏达到了相当高的比例。结论长春西部地区吸入性过敏原以普通豚草、艾蒿和屋尘螨/粉尘螨为主;食物性过敏原以鸡蛋白、鳕鱼/龙虾/扇贝、牛奶为主,明确过敏原,对过敏性患者的预防和治疗有重大意义。     

Risk communication in a patient decision aid for radiotherapy in breast cancer: How to deal with uncertainty?

Background and aimPatient decision aids for oncological treatment options, provide information on the effect on recurrence rates and/or survival benefit, and on side-effects and/or burden of different treatment options. However, often uncertainty exists around the probability estimates for recurrence/survival and side-effects which is too relevant to be ignored. Evidence is lacking on the best way to communicate these uncertainties. The aim of this study is to develop a method to incorporate uncertainties in a patient decision aid for breast cancer patients to support their decision on radiotherapy.MethodsFirstly, qualitative interviews were held with patients and health care professionals. Secondly, in the development phase, thinking aloud sessions were organized with four patients and 12 health care professionals, individual and group-wise.ResultsConsensus was reached on a pictograph illustrating the whole range of uncertainty for local recurrence risks, in combination with textual explanation that a more exact personalized risk would be given by their own physician. The pictograph consisted of 100 female icons in a 10 x 10 array. Icons with a stepwise gradient color indicated the uncertainty margin. The prevalence and severity of possible side-effects were explained using verbal labels.ConclusionsWe developed a novel way of visualizing uncertainties in recurrence rates in a patient decision aid. The effect of this way of communicating risk uncertainty is currently being tested in the BRASA study (NCT03375801).     

Reflection of neuroblastoma intratumor heterogeneity in the new OHC-NB1 disease model

Accurate modeling of intratumor heterogeneity presents a bottleneck against drug testing. Flexibility in a preclinical platform is also desirable to support assessment of different endpoints. We established the model system, OHC-NB1, from a bone marrow metastasis from a patient diagnosed with MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma and performed whole-exome sequencing on the source metastasis and the different models and passages during model development (monolayer cell line, 3D spheroid culture and subcutaneous xenograft tumors propagated in mice). OHC-NB1 harbors a MYCN amplification in double minutes, 1p deletion, 17q gain and diploid karyotype, which persisted in all models. A total of 80–540 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) was detected in each sample, and comparisons between the source metastasis and models identified 34 of 80 somatic SNVs to be propagated in the models. Clonal reconstruction using the combined copy number and SNV data revealed marked clonal heterogeneity in the originating metastasis, with four clones being reflected in the model systems. The set of OHC-NB1 models represents 43% of somatic SNVs and 23% of the cellularity in the originating metastasis with varying clonal compositions, indicating that heterogeneity is partially preserved in our model system.