Cleaning,Shaping, and Disinfecting Abilities of 2 Instrument Systems as Evaluated by a Correlative Micro–computed Tomographic and Histobacteriologic Approach

IntroductionThis study assessed the cleaning, shaping, and disinfection abilities of 2 instrumentation systems in molar root canals using a novel correlative analytical approach.MethodsThe root canals from extracted mandibular and maxillary molars with apical periodontitis were pair matched according to anatomic similarities as determined by micro–computed tomographic analysis and prepared with either XP-endo Shaper (FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) (n = 16) or Reciproc Blue (VDW, Munich, Germany) (n = 16) instruments and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite irrigation. Pre- and postpreparation micro–computed tomographic scans were used to identify and calculate the unprepared surface areas (shaping), which were histobacteriologically evaluated for the presence of residual bacteria (disinfection) and pulp tissue remnants (cleaning) in each canal third.ResultsUnprepared canal surface areas for XP-endo Shaper and Reciproc Blue in the full canal length were approximately 26% and 19% (P < .05), respectively (30% and 23% in the apical part of the canal, P > .05). Preparation with Reciproc Blue resulted in 37.5% canals free of bacteria in all sections examined and 56% in the apical sections only. XP-endo Shaper resulted in 44% canals free of bacteria in all sections, and 56% in the apical part of the canal only. Pulp tissue remnants were not observed in 31% (all canal sections) and 50% (apical canal sections) of specimens from both instrument systems. No significant differences were observed between instruments when comparing the amount of pulp tissue remnants and the number of cases negative for bacteria and tissue remnants (P > .05).ConclusionsAlthough the Reciproc Blue instrument had superior shaping ability in comparison with XP-endo Shaper, both systems performed similarly in cleaning and disinfecting root canals. Irregular canals and difficult-to-reach areas were not thoroughly cleaned and disinfected by any of the tested systems.     

The relationships among monocyte subsets,miRNAs and inflammatory cytokines in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Background

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes irreversible myocardial damage and release of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines and miRNAs. We aimed to investigate changes in the levels of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10), miRNAs profiles (miR-146 and miR-155) and distribution of different monocyte subsets (CD14++CD16-, CD14++CD16+, CD14+CD16++) in the acute and post-healing phases of AMI.

微小切口胆囊切除术2260例效果观察

目的 总结微小切口胆囊切除术治疗胆道系统疾病的经验。方法 对2002-2004年连续收治的2260例胆囊、胆道系统疾病实施微小切口手术的临床观察资料进行回顾性分析。结果 本组2260例微小切口胆囊切除术的患者无一例因手术原因死亡；术后无残留小胆囊；无胆汁漏及腹腔脓肿，亦无伤口全层裂开及切口疝形成。结论 该术式损伤小、局部显露清楚、不易发生副损伤，可同时行胆总管探查术，特殊情况下可随时改变手术方式。     

Gd-DTPA动态增强MRI评价心肌微血管损伤

目的：探讨Gd-DTPA动态增强MRI评价心肌微血管损伤的可行性。方法：制作急性犬心肌梗死动物模型，在活体上用放射微球^99Tc—MAA测量心肌血流量，0．5％伊文蓝染色区分缺血心肌；心脏离体后用3％TTC染色区分梗死心肌，SP免疫组化染色观察心肌微血管并计算微血管体积分数。犬离体心脏左冠状动脉插管后作MRI平扫及Gd—DTPA动态增强扫描，测量正常、缺血和梗死心肌的信号强度，绘制时间-信号强度曲线。结果：在T1WI上，心肌信号强度无明显差异；在T2WI上，病变心肌信号强度较正常增高；Gd-DTPA灌注动态增强扫描，正常心肌时间-信号强度曲线呈下降形，危险心肌呈上升形，梗死心肌呈平直形，灌注晚期病变区呈明显环状强化。正常、危险和梗死心肌血流量、微血管体密度差异显著。结论：急性心肌梗死后心肌间质水肿、心肌含水量增加致T2WI信号增高。Gd-DTPA动态增强时间-信号强度曲线上升的斜率及峰值可以反映心肌微血管损伤及组织水肿的程度。     

Robust fixed‐order H2 controller for micro air vehicle—design and validation

Design and real‐time validation of a robust fixed‐order H₂ optimal controller for micro aerial vehicle, named Sarika‐2, is presented. Strengthened discrete optimal projection equations, which approximate the first‐order necessary optimality condition, are used for the controller design. Effect of low‐frequency gust disturbance and high‐frequency sensor noise is alleviated through the output sensitivity and control sensitivity minimization. The novelty of this paper is that a single robust H₂ controller, which is designed at the central operating point, ensures simultaneous stabilization of the radio‐controlled aircraft over the entire cruise speed range of 16–26 m/s. The controller is implemented on a digital‐signal‐processor‐based flight computer, and subsequently, it is validated through the real‐time hardware‐in‐loop‐simulation. The responses obtained from the hardware‐in‐loop‐simulation compares well with those obtained from the off‐line simulation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2型糖尿病(消渴病)微观辨证的临床研究

目的　为糖尿病的临床辨证、治疗用药提供客观依据和帮助。方法　观察 2型糖尿病 (消渴病 ,diabetesmellitus)不同证型患者各 30例 ,正常对照组 30例 ,检测血清一氧化氮 (NO)、血浆α -颗粒膜蛋白 (GMP 14 0 )、血浆D -二聚体 (D D)、血清白细胞介素 - 6 (IL 6 )这些微观指标的变化 ,探讨其与中医辨证分型的关系。结果　①血清NO值在各组中的变化是阴虚热盛组 >正常对照组>气阴两虚组 >气滞血瘀组 ,每两组间具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,其中气滞血瘀组与其它 3组具有非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。②糖尿病各组患者血浆GMP 14 0、D D值均较正常对照组有非常显著性增高 (P <0 0 1) ,在糖尿病组各证型中 ,呈阴虚热盛组 <气阴两虚组 <气滞血瘀组变化趋势 ,且血浆GMP 14 0和D D的变化呈正相关 (r=0 6 6 )。③血清IL 6在糖尿病组较正常对照组升高 ,其变化呈阴虚热盛组 <气阴两虚组 <气滞血瘀组趋势 ,每两组间具有非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论　糖尿病发病以正气不足为内在依据。随着病程的进展 ,脾肾亏虚及血瘀加重是必然趋势。治疗应重视补脾肾和活血化瘀     

Orthofix-微型外固定器治疗Bennett骨折31例

目的分析应用Orthofix-微型器治疗第一掌骨基底部Bennett骨折的临床疗效。方法收集2009年1月~2013年1月我院31例采用Orthofix-微型器治疗的第一掌骨基底部Bennett骨折患者。记录患者年龄、性别等基线资料,以及术后上肢臂、肩、手功能调查量表(Disabilities of the arm,shoulder and hand,DASH)评分,随访终末期采用指总关节活动度(Total action movement,TAM)评分。结果随访6~24个月,平均14.4月,手术时间为18~40分钟,平均29.1分钟,术中出血量10~30m L,平均14.5m L。术后3月、术后6月及终末期DASH评分之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(0.05)。随访终末期,其中26例解剖复位,5例骨折对线良好,TAM评分优22例,良7例,差2例。随访期间未发生桡神经浅支损伤、钉道感染等并发症。结论 Orthofix-微型外固定器治疗Bennett骨折操作简单、疗效满意。     

A micro cell culture method utilizing modified microscope slides for use in fluorescent antibody and enzyme immunoassays

Summary A technique for culturing small quantities of mammalian cells on modified microscope slides is described. The modified microscope slides were Bellco Glass, Inc., toxoplasmosis slides and the cell cultures used were early passage bovine embryonic lung cells and continuous cell lines of porcine and canine origins. The slide cell cultures were either uninfected or infected with selected viruses or the obligate intracellular protozoanEncephalitozoon caniculi for utilization in direct and indirect fluorescent antibody testing or in peroxidase antiperoxidase immunosorbant assays.     

The effect of automated landmark identification on morphometric analyses

Morphometric analysis of anatomical landmarks allows researchers to identify specific morphological differences between natural populations or experimental groups, but manually identifying landmarks is time‐consuming. We compare manually and automatically generated adult mouse skull landmarks and subsequent morphometric analyses to elucidate how switching from manual to automated landmarking will impact morphometric analysis results for large mouse (Mus musculus) samples (n = 1205) that represent a wide range of ‘normal’ phenotypic variation (62 genotypes). Other studies have suggested that the use of automated landmarking methods is feasible, but this study is the first to compare the utility of current automated approaches to manual landmarking for a large dataset that allows the quantification of intra‐ and inter‐strain variation. With this unique sample, we investigated how switching to a non‐linear image registration‐based automated landmarking method impacts estimated differences in genotype mean shape and shape variance‐covariance structure. In addition, we tested whether an initial registration of specimen images to genotype‐specific averages improves automatic landmark identification accuracy. Our results indicated that automated landmark placement was significantly different than manual landmark placement but that estimated skull shape covariation was correlated across methods. The addition of a preliminary genotype‐specific registration step as part of a two‐level procedure did not substantially improve on the accuracy of one‐level automatic landmark placement. The landmarks with the lowest automatic landmark accuracy are found in locations with poor image registration alignment. The most serious outliers within morphometric analysis of automated landmarks displayed instances of stochastic image registration error that are likely representative of errors common when applying image registration methods to micro‐computed tomography datasets that were initially collected with manual landmarking in mind. Additional efforts during specimen preparation and image acquisition can help reduce the number of registration errors and improve registration results. A reduction in skull shape variance estimates were noted for automated landmarking methods compared with manual landmarking. This partially reflects an underestimation of more extreme genotype shapes and loss of biological signal, but largely represents the fact that automated methods do not suffer from intra‐observer landmarking error. For appropriate samples and research questions, our image registration‐based automated landmarking method can eliminate the time required for manual landmarking and have a similar power to identify shape differences between inbred mouse genotypes.     

呼吸功能不全综合实验改革的探索

目的:为了探索如何在一次教学实验中将生理学、病理生理学和药理学三个机能学科的实验有机地结合起来, 形成综合性实验以培养学生的综合思维和实验研究能力。方法:在病理生理学的呼吸功能不全实验的基础上, 增加了呼吸的生理调节和不同类型的呼吸衰竭采用不同的针对性药物治疗, 并且采用启发式教学方法。结果:学生学习兴趣明显提高, 学生不仅学到了更多的研究方法, 而且综合分析和科研创新能力都有明显提高。结论:这种改进明显提高了实验课的教学水平和教学质量。