寻常型银屑病（湿热证）的血清蛋白组学表达研究

【目的】应用同位素相对标记与绝对定量技术（iTRAQ技术）对寻常型银屑病（湿热证）患者的血清蛋白进行定量分析,探求其与正常人的差异性表达蛋白质,从蛋白组学角度揭示湿热证的部分内涵。【方法】取寻常型银屑病（湿热证）患者（15例）及正常人（10例）血清,予纯化、去丰度等处理后,十二烷基硫酸钠－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶（SDS-PAGE）电泳分离,经iTRAQ特异性标记酶解后的肽段,采用串联质谱分析鉴定其差异蛋白。【结果】共鉴定出787个蛋白质组,具有生物信息学分析（gene ontology , GO）功能注释的蛋白质共有718个;与正常人比较发现了651个显著性差异蛋白（P<0.05）,其中有强显著性差异的蛋白418个（P<0.01）。【结论】寻常型银屑病（湿热证）患者血清中存在与正常人有差异性表达蛋白,但哪种蛋白在辨别寻常型银屑病“湿热证”中处于关键地位,以及湿热症状与蛋白之间的关系等,还有待进一步研究。     

Quantitative toxicoproteomic analysis of zebrafish embryos exposed to a retinoid X receptor antagonist UVI3003

Retinoid X receptor (RXR) antagonists, including some environmental endocrine disruptors, have a teratogenic effect on vertebrate embryos. To investigate the toxicological mechanism on the protein expression level, a quantitative proteomic study was conducted to analyze the proteome alterations of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to gradient concentrations of a representative RXR antagonist UVI3003. Using isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling coupled nano high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (nano HPLC‐MS/MS), in total 6592 proteins were identified, among which 195 proteins were found to be differentially expressed by more than a two‐fold change in exposed groups compared with the control. Gene ontology analysis showed that these differential proteins were mostly involved in anatomical structure development, biosynthetic process, ion binding and oxidoreductase activity. Moreover, the biological pathways of translation, lipoprotein metabolism, cell survival and gluconeogenesis were intensively inhibited after exposure. Some significantly downregulated proteins such as apolipoprotein A‐I and vitellogenin and upregulated proteins such as calcium activated nucleotidase 1b, glutathione S‐transferase and glucose 6‐dehydrogenases showed a strong dose‐dependent response. The results provided new insight into the molecular details of RXR antagonist‐induced teratogenicity and added novel information of pathways and potential biomarkers for evaluation of RXR interfering activity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大鼠下颌骨牵张成骨的蛋白质组学分析

目的:探讨用蛋白质组学iTRAQ技术分析大鼠下颌骨牵张成骨过程中新生组织蛋白表达的改变。方法:6只大鼠进行单侧下颌骨牵张,速率:0.4mm/d,牵张期为10d,术后随机分为2组,分别于下颌骨牵张成骨牵张期第10d及下颌骨牵张成骨固定期第14d取材。将取材的新生骨组织标本进行蛋白质提取及蛋白质定量检测。应用iTRAQ技术对蛋白质样本进行检测,寻找及鉴定差异蛋白。结果:应用iTRAQ技术对大鼠下颌骨牵张成骨的新生骨组织成功进行了蛋白质组学分析,质谱鉴定出置信度95%的蛋白质共567种,共鉴定出差异蛋白207个,其中上调≥1.5倍的47个,下降≤0.8倍的58个。结论:筛选出多种与牵张成骨过程中新骨形成相关的差异表达蛋白质,为进一步验证与新骨形成相关的蛋白质奠定基础。     

奥氮平连续处理后大鼠中缝背核组织差异表达蛋白的生物信息学分析

目的 分析奥氮平连续处理的大鼠中缝背核蛋白的差异表达,探究奥氮平使用早期导致代谢障碍可能的中枢5-HT机制。方法 将40只SD大鼠随机分配到奥氮平组[灌胃奥氮平1.2 mg/(kg·d）]和对照组（灌胃等量0.9%氯化钠溶液）,两组各分配10只雌性大鼠、10只雄性大鼠。给药1次/d,连续28 d。最后一次给药1 h后处理大鼠,并取大脑中缝背核样本。利用绝对和相对定量同位素标记技术联合液相色谱-串联质谱技术对大鼠中缝背核组织进行蛋白质组学分析,进一步对差异表达蛋白进行GO、KEGG通路、COG、蛋白互作网络分析。另将24只大鼠随机分为4组：2个奥氮平组和2个对照组（6只/组）,类似方法得到大鼠中缝背核样本,根据蛋白质组学数据选择目标基因的表达进行qRT-PCR和Western blot验证。结果 筛选出奥氮平组与对照组大鼠中缝背核差异表达蛋白有72种上调、142种下调。GO注释分析显示,涉及奥氮平的差异表达蛋白参与细胞过程、生物调节、代谢过程、应激反应、多细胞生物过程以及结合、催化活性、分子功能调节、转录调节活性等分子功能。KEGG富集分析显示,涉及奥氮平的差异表达蛋白主要参与流体剪切应力与动脉粥样硬化、5-羟色胺能突触 、丁酸代谢、甲状腺激素合成 和IL-17信号通路等;PPI分析显示,涉及奥氮平的差异表达蛋白Hmgcs2、Cav1、Hsp90b1、Canx、Gnai1、MAPK9和LOC685513(Gng14）位于蛋白质互作网络的节点。qRT-PCR和Western blot结果显示,丁酸代谢和5-羟色胺(5-HT）能突触通路4个基因及其蛋白,其中丁酸代谢的关键调节基因Hmgcs2及其蛋白在药物处理组明显下调（P<0.01）,5-羟色胺2受体调控的Slc6a4、Gnai1基因及其蛋白在药物处理组均出现显著高表达（P<0.05）。结论 奥氮平使用早期可能主要通过调控中缝背核组织Hmgcs2、Cav1、Hsp90b1、Canx、Gnai1、Slc6a4、MAPK9和Gng14等差异表达蛋白以及5-HT能突触通路等,参与大鼠机体代谢障碍的中枢5-HT作用机制。     

TCL1 as a hub protein associated with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma based on proteomics methods

This study aimed to investigate the hub protein related to the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We used proteomics methods (iTRAQ) to explore the differentially expressed proteins in the non-germinal center B-cell -like (non-GCB) DLBCL in our previous study. In this study, a total of 137 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded DLBCL tissue samples were analyzed via immunohistochemistry to verify the expression of TCL1, AKT1 + 2+3, IKKβ and to determine the differentially expressed proteins associated with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between these proteins, and survival analysis was used to investigate their effects on prognosis. Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that TCL1, AKT1 + 2+3, and IKKβ were highly positively expressed in DLBCL. Results showed that the expression of TCL1 was related to ethnicity (p = 0.022), primary site (p = 0.045), Ann Arbor stage (p = 0.037), the International Prognostic Index (p = 0.005), β2-microglobulin (p = 0.030), BCL2 expression (p < 0.001), and Ki-67 expression (p = 0.008). A positive correlation was found between TCL1 and AKT1 + 2+3 (p < 0.001; r = 0.475). A positive correlation was also found between AKT1 + 2+3 and IKKβ (p < 0.001; r = 0.342). In survival analysis, anemia, non-treatment with R‑CHOP, positive TCL1 expression, and Ki-67 expression≥50% independently predicted short progression-free survival and overall survival in the total cohort (p < 0.05). Thus, TCL1 as a hub protein is associated with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in DLBCL. TCL1 expression indicated a poor prognosis in patients with DLBCL. With further studies, TCL1 may be established as a reliable prognostic biomarker and potential immunotherapeutic target for improving therapeutic efficacy for DLBCL in the future.     

Proteomic Analysis of Saliva from Patients with Oral Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is an immune-mediated disorder and is the major long-term complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The oral mucosa, including the salivary glands, is affected in the majority of patients with cGVHD; however, at present there is only a limited understanding of disease pathobiology. In this study, we performed a quantitative proteomic analysis of saliva pooled from patients with and without oral cGVHD—cGVHD(+) and cGVHD(−), respectively—using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification labeling, followed by tandem mass spectrometry. Among 249 salivary proteins identified by tandem mass spectrometry, 82 exhibited altered expression in the oral cGVHD(+) group compared with the cGVHD(−) group. Many of the identified proteins function in innate or acquired immunity, or are associated with tissue maintenance functions, such as proteolysis or the cytoskeleton. Using ELISA immunoassays, we further confirmed that 2 of these proteins, IL-1 receptor antagonist and cystatin B, showed decreased expression in patients with active oral cGVHD (P < .003). Receiver operating curve characteristic analysis revealed that these 2 markers were able to distinguish oral cGVHD with a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 60%, and showed slightly better discrimination in newly diagnosed patients evaluated within 12 months of allo-HSCT (sensitivity, 92%; specificity 73%). In addition to identifying novel potential salivary cGVHD biomarkers, our study demonstrates that there is coordinated regulation of protein families involved in inflammation, antimicrobial defense, and tissue protection in oral cGVHD that also may reflect changes in salivary gland function and damage to the oral mucosa.     

大鼠髁突软骨细胞发育中相关信号通路的初步筛查

目的:通过建立的大鼠髁突软骨细胞发育过程中蛋白表达差异谱,分析可能参与的信号通路,为进一步认识髁突软骨生理性及病理性生长改建的信号调控机制提供相关信息。方法:收获出生后1、7、14、28 d共4组SD大鼠髁突软骨细胞,甲苯胺蓝染色、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色鉴定软骨细胞。提取各组软骨细胞总蛋白,采用i TRAQ标记定量蛋白,2D nano-HPLC和基质辅助激光解吸/电离串联飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-TOF),获取出生后大鼠髁突软骨细胞发育过程中差异蛋白的表达谱,所得数据用MASCOT软件处理,筛选样本之间有意义的差异蛋白,运用GO法及David软件进行KEGG信号通路分析。结果 :共鉴定137种具有可信度表达的蛋白,有44种蛋白参与至少27条KEGG信号通路,其中ECM-受体相互作用、焦点粘连、actin骨架调节、Ca2+信号通路、血管平滑肌收缩、Gn RH信号通路、肌醇三磷酸代谢、磷脂酰肌醇信号系统以及核糖体等信号通路具有统计学意义。结论:在大鼠髁突软骨发育中,各信号通路蛋白在时间、空间上差异性表达,共同形成复杂的信号传递网络。