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1.
BackgroundHuman herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) can be transmitted through unprotected sex as HIV. We aimed to investigate the seroincidence of HHV-8 and associated factors among people living with HIV (PLWH).MethodsFrom 2014 to 2018, blood samples of PLWH on the first date of HIV care were determined for antibodies against HHV-8. Individuals testing HHV-8-seronegative at baseline were followed for at least four months to estimate the annual seroconversion rate. To identify the factors associated with HHV-8 seroconversion, we compared the clinical characteristics between seroconverters and non-seroconverters who were matched for observation duration.ResultsThe HHV-8 seroprevalence increased from 8.1% in 2014 to 20.0% in 2018. HHV-8 seroconversion occurred in 154 (14.7%) PLWH after a total of 2652.16 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), resulting in an overall incidence rate of 5.62 per 100 PYFU, which increased from 3.20 to 6.84 per 100 PYFU during the study period. HHV-8 seroconverters were less likely to have chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (1.9% vs 10.6%) and more likely to be antiretroviral-naïve on entry into care (87.7% vs 75.4%) (both p < 0.05). In multivariate logistic analysis, men who have sex with men (MSM) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.22; 95% CI, 1.01–4.86), being antiretroviral-naïve (aOR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.27–6.67), and chronic HBV infection (aOR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03–0.61) at baseline were associated with HHV-8 seroconversion.ConclusionsAn increasing trend of HHV-8 infection was observed among PLWH in Taiwan between 2014 and 2018. MSM and being antiretroviral-naïve were associated with higher risk for HHV-8 seroconversion.  相似文献   
2.
目的分析带状疱疹后神经痛及病毒基因分型,指导临床疾病预防与治疗。方法收集2017-2019年41例带状疱疹后神经痛患者临床资料,以187例带状疱疹非神经痛患者作为对照组。收集患者临床资料,调查带状疱疹后神经痛流行病学特征。采用PCR扩增及测序比对方法对病毒进行基因分型并进行单核苷酸多态性分析。结果观察组患者女性32例,占78.05%,男性9例,占21.95%,对照组女性90例,占48.13%,男性97例,占51.87%,两组患者构成差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.1013,P<0.05)。对照组21-40岁、41-60岁和>60岁患者病例数分别为54、61和72例,分别占28.88%、32.62%和38.50%,观察组病例数分别为6、9和26例,分别占14.63%、21.95%和63.41%,两组不同年龄患者构成差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.5154,P<0.05)。带状疱疹后神经痛发病患者中三叉神经受累患者居多;严重型皮损患者、皮损面积>5%的患者居多;带状疱疹后神经痛发病患者中,有前驱痛患者、重度疼痛的患者居多;与对照组相比,观察组有前驱痛、重度疼痛的患者带状疱疹后神经痛发病差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。带状疱疹后神经痛发病患者中初治时间≥3 d患者居多;与对照组相比,观察组初治时间≥3 d患者带状疱疹后神经痛发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);所有带状疱疹病毒ORF22读码框中,37902、38019、38055、38081、38177、38299六个位点的核苷酸为G、G、C、C、A、A,带状疱疹患者均为J型。结论积极关注高龄女性带状疱疹患者,调查患者受累神经、皮损及疼痛情况,发现症状及时治疗,可以有效预防带状疱疹后神经痛发生。  相似文献   
3.
《Vaccine》2021,39(40):5729-5731
IntroductionConcerns were raised over an increase in Bell's palsy, herpes simplex and herpes zoster after BNT162b2 vaccination, all are manifestations of herpesviruses reactivation. As herpesviruses commonly reactivate in the oropharynx, we have hypothesized that oropharyngeal shedding of herpesviruses will increase after vaccination.MethodsImmune-competent Adults, excluding those using topical steroids or manifesting symptomatic herpesvirus infection, were sampled before BNT162b2 vaccination and one week after. Herpesviruses 1–7 shedding was tested with a multiplexed PCR.ResultsIn 103 paired samples the prevalence of herpesviruses was similar before and after vaccination: HSV1, 3.9% vs. 5.8% (p = 0.75); HSV2, 0% vs. 1% (p = not applicable, NA); VZV, 0% vs. 0% (p = NA); EBV, 14.6% vs. 17.5% (p = 0.63); CMV, 0% vs. 0% (p = NA); HHV6, 4.9% vs. 7.8% (p = 0.55); HHV7, 71.8% vs. 72.8% (p = 1); any herpesvirus, 73.8% vs. 74.8% (p = 1).DiscussionWe did not find evidence for increased oropharyngeal reactivation of herpesviruses one week after BNT162b2.  相似文献   
4.
水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV)的特异性细胞免疫(CMI)在带状疱疹的发病过程中起主要作用。当细胞介导的免疫功能减弱时,带状疱疹病毒重新激活,实体器官移植、造血干细胞移植患者等需要接受终身免疫抑制,该人群带状疱疹的发生率显著增加, 本文对移植与带状疱疹的新进展进行综述。  相似文献   
5.
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients are at increased risk for varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation and associated complications. The incidence, timing, and risk factors for severe herpes zoster (HZ) are not well described in the era of acyclovir (ACV) prophylaxis. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent first allogeneic HCT between October 2006 and December 2015 at our institution. Patients were followed until December 2017 for the development of severe HZ, defined as necessitating administration of i.v. antiviral medication. Out of 2163 patients who underwent allogeneic HCT, 22 (1.0%) developed severe HZ at a rate of 1 per 228 person-years, including dermatomal/multidermatomal disease (n = 5), disseminated skin disease (n = 5), HZ ophthalmicus (n = 4), meningitis/encephalitis (n = 4), pneumonia (n = 2), viremia (n = 1), and erythema multiforme (n = 1). Severe HZ infection occurred in a bimodal distribution during the early peri-HCT period and at 12 to 24 months post-HCT (median, 12.7 months). Twelve patients (54.5%) were compliant with ACV prophylaxis at the time of HZ diagnosis. Eleven patients (50%) died during the study period, only 2 of whom (9.1%) with active VZV infection. Mortality was higher in patients on immunosuppressive therapy (62.5% versus 16.7%; P = .045) and with concurrent graft-versus-host disease (75.0% versus 35.7%; P= .044). These data suggest that severe HZ remains an important consideration despite ACV prophylaxis.  相似文献   
6.
目的 对比分析更昔洛韦与阿昔洛韦治疗水痘的临床疗效与安全性。方法 选取2017年6月—2018年6月我院收治的110例水痘患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为阿昔洛韦组(阿昔组)与更昔洛韦组(更昔组),各55例。对比分析 2组患者临床疗效,临床症状改善时间,不良反应发生情况及用药安全性等。结果 治疗7 d后,更昔组总有效率为96.36%,明显高于阿昔组的78.18%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);更昔组水痘-带状疱疹病毒转阴时间为(1.58±1.01)d,短于阿昔组的(2.92±1.06)d。此外,更昔组水疱结痂时间、退热时间、疼痛与瘙痒缓解时间也均短于阿昔组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);更昔组不良反应发生率为3.64%,低于阿昔组14.55%的不良反应发生率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在临床基础资料均衡的情况下,与阿昔洛韦相比,更昔洛韦治疗水痘临床总有效率更高,患者水疱结痂时间及临床症状改善时间均更短且治疗安全性更高,不良反应发生率低,具有临床推广价值。  相似文献   
7.

Background

The ZOE-50 (NCT01165177) and ZOE-70 (NCT01165229) phase 3 clinical trials showed that the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) was ≥90% efficacious in preventing herpes zoster in adults. Here we present a comprehensive overview of the safety data from these studies.

Methods

Adults aged ≥50 (ZOE-50) and ≥70 (ZOE-70) years were randomly vaccinated with RZV or placebo. Safety analyses were performed on the pooled total vaccinated cohort, consisting of participants receiving at least one dose of RZV or placebo. Solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were collected for 7 and 30?days after each vaccination, respectively. Serious AEs (SAEs) were collected from the first vaccination until 12?months post-last dose. Fatal AEs, vaccination-related SAEs, and potential immune-mediated diseases (pIMDs) were collected during the entire study period.

Results

Safety was evaluated in 14,645 RZV and 14,660 placebo recipients. More RZV than placebo recipients reported unsolicited AEs (50.5% versus 32.0%); the difference was driven by transient injection site and solicited systemic reactions that were generally seen in the first week post-vaccination. The occurrence of overall SAEs (RZV: 10.1%; Placebo: 10.4%), fatal AEs (RZV: 4.3%; Placebo: 4.6%), and pIMDs (RZV: 1.2%; Placebo: 1.4%) was balanced between groups. The occurrence of possible exacerbations of pIMDs was rare and similar between groups. Overall, except for the expected local and systemic symptoms, the safety results were comparable between the RZV and Placebo groups irrespective of participant age, gender, or race.

Conclusions

No safety concerns arose, supporting the favorable benefit-risk profile of RZV.  相似文献   
8.
Vaccines for prevention and treatment of genital herpes are high public health priorities. Our approach towards vaccine development is to focus on blocking virus entry mediated by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein D (gD2) and to prevent the virus from evading complement and antibody attack by blocking the immune evasion domains on HSV-2 glycoproteins C (gC2) and E (gE2), respectively. HSV-2 gC2 and gE2 are expressed on the virion envelope and infected cell surface where they are potential targets of antibodies that bind and block their immune evasion activities. We demonstrate that antibodies produced during natural infection in humans or intravaginal inoculation in guinea pigs bind to gC2 but generally fail to block the immune evasion domains on this glycoprotein. In contrast, immunization of naïve or previously HSV-2-infected guinea pigs with gC2 subunit antigen administered with CpG and alum as adjuvants produces antibodies that block domains involved in immune evasion. These results indicate that immune evasion domains on gC2 are weak antigens during infection, yet when used as vaccine immunogens with adjuvants the antigens produce antibodies that block immune evasion domains.  相似文献   
9.
《Vaccine》2019,37(36):5422-5427
BackgroundPostherpetic neuralgia (PHN) occurs in 5–30% of individuals with herpes zoster (HZ) and is characterized by long-lasting pain. Zoster vaccine live (ZVL) is licensed for people 50 years and older to prevent HZ and PHN. This study evaluated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of ZVL against PHN.MethodsWe conducted an open cohort study within Kaiser Permanente Northern California with continuous accrual of people as they became age-eligible for ZVL. We defined PHN using a PHN diagnosis between 90 and 365 days after an incident episode of HZ. We estimated VE against PHN using Cox regression with a calendar timeline stratified by year of birth and adjusted for sex, race, influenza vaccination, outpatient visit frequency, comorbidities, and immune compromise status.ResultsFrom 2007 to 2016, 1·5 million people entered the study population and 33% received ZVL. During 7·6 million person-years of follow-up, there were 62,205 HZ cases, 4150 (6·7%) of which went on to develop PHN. Overall VE for PHN was 64·8% (95% CI 61·3, 68). VE was 82·8% (95% CI 77·6, 86·7) during the first year after vaccination, 58·3% (95% CI 50.1, 65.2) during the third year, and then waned more gradually to 48·7% (95% CI 30·2, 62·3) during the eighth year. VE in persons vaccinated when aged 80 years or older was similar to VE in younger vaccinees. VE in persons vaccinated when immune compromised was similar to VE in immune competent.ConclusionsOverall, ZVL was 65% effective against PHN. It was effective in all age groups and provided moderate protection through 8 years.  相似文献   
10.
《Vaccine》2019,37(50):7408-7418
The development of vaccines against herpes simplex virus (HSV) is an important global goal for sexual and reproductive health. A key priority to advance development of HSV vaccines is the definition of preferred product characteristics (PPCs), which provide strategic guidance on World Health Organization (WHO) preferences for new vaccines, specifically from a low- and middle-income country (LMIC) perspective. To start the PPC process for HSV vaccines, the WHO convened a global stakeholder consultation in March 2017, to define the priority public health needs that should be addressed by HSV vaccines and discuss the key considerations for HSV vaccine PPCs, particularly for LMICs. Meeting participants outlined an initial set of overarching public health goals for HSV vaccines in LMICs, which are: to reduce the acquisition of HIV associated with HSV-2 infection in high HIV-prevalence populations and to reduce the burden of HSV-associated disease, including mortality and morbidity due to neonatal herpes and impacts on sexual and reproductive health. Participants also considered the role of prophylactic versus therapeutic vaccines, whether both HSV-2 and HSV-1 should be targeted, important target populations, and infection and disease endpoints for clinical trials. This article summarizes the main discussions from the consultation.  相似文献   
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