吉林辽宁两省18年来的目标设置对突发公共卫生事件应急工作落实情况的关联研究

目的本研究立足于项目组前期研究的成果上，积极探索吉林辽宁两省目标设置水平的差异，并进一步探究受目标设置影响下的工作落实结果情况，探讨产生差异的原因。 方法以系统穷尽的方式收集吉林辽宁两省2000至2017年有关目标与工作落实情况的指标，利用Spearman相关和线性回归分析吉林辽宁两省目标设置对于突发应急工作落实情况的影响。 结果吉林辽宁两省突发应急领域的目标设置水平与工作落实情况总体均呈现上升趋势，截至2017年，吉林目标设置水平与工作落实情况分别为46%与60%，辽宁为60%与53.3%，且目标设置水平与工作落实呈正相关。 结论有公众需要为依据且定量可考的目标设置对于工作落实、推进、完善具有积极的正反馈作用，建立科学量化的突发应急目标设置评价体系是适宜可行的。     

Conceptual Framework and Issues for a Goals‐Oriented Treatment Perspective: A Commentary on “Where Do We Go From Here? The Goal Perspective in Psychotherapy”

This commentary provides an evolutionary framework for the argument that motivation—goal striving—is central to animal and human life and governs most psychological processes, with implications for clinical practice. Neglect of clients' goals may seriously misdirect treatment; Systematic Motivational Counseling systematizes treatment of clients' motivational structure. Treatment of the consequences and determinants of clients' goals appears useful, as demonstrated in the case of alcohol abuse. The commentary then reexamines some currently popular goal-related concepts, particularly intrinsic versus extrinsic valuation and internality versus externality of goals, and argues for their reconceptualization on grounds that current conceptualizations have probably led to fallacious conclusions and may impair therapeutic effectiveness.     

浅谈综合性医院目标成本管理

医院目标成本管理是医院经营管理的重点,本文讨论了目标成本管理的相关概念和内涵,阐述了医院目标成本管理的特点和作用,在此基础上,提出了加强医院目标成本管理的思路。     

感染性休克早期目标指导性治疗方案的应用体会

目的 为加强外科围手术期处理，观察应用早期目标指导性治疗方案（early goal directed therapy，EGDT）对感染性休克患者的救治效果。方法 运用EGDT使入ICU8h内的感染性休克患者的中心静脉压（CVP）、平均动脉压（MAP）和上腔静脉血氧饱和度（ScvO2）达标。结果 本组20例感染性休克患者，在8h内CVP达标20例，MAP达标20例，ScvO2达标16例。结论 应用EDGT治疗感染性休克有较好的理论基础和实用性，在限定的时间内使所有的目标值达标存在一定的困难。     

大学生成就目标定向、自我效能感和状态焦虑的关系研究

目的探讨大学生成就目标定向、自我效能感和状态焦虑之间的关系。方法随机抽取350名大学生进行问卷调查。结果①女生的状态焦虑水平显著高于男生，而自我效能感显著低于男生；文科学生焦虑水平显著高于理科学生。②合作取向目标和状态焦虑之间呈显著负相关，自我-趋向型目标和状态焦虑之间呈显著正相关；自我效能感和状态焦虑之间呈显著负相关；自我效能感和成就目标定向总分及合作取向目标、社会亲密目标、任务目标、自我-趋向型目标之间呈显著正相关，和自我-逃避型目标相关不显著。③自我-趋向型目标及自我效能感直接影响状态焦虑，合作取向目标和任务目标通过自我效能感间接影响状态焦虑。结论成就目标定向、自我效能感和状态焦虑之间关系密切。     

初三学生成就动机与学业成绩的关系研究

编制中学生成就动机量表 ,考察 2 86名初三学生的成就动机状况。运用逐步回归分析探讨成就目标、归因方式、自我效能与学业成绩的关系 ,并对成就目标进行自我效能和归因方式的回归分析。结果表明 :影响初三学生学业成绩的主要成就动机因素是自我效能、表现目标、能力归因和掌握目标 ,努力归因、运气归因和自我效能是影响初三学生成就目标的主要因素 ,客观因素归因也会影响表现目标。对研究结果进行本土化思考 ,建构中学生成就动机的理想模型     

Evidence that implementation intentions reduce self-harm in the community

Objectives

Implementation intentions are ‘IF-THEN’ plans that encourage goal-intended behaviour. This study was designed to test whether an intervention encouraging the formation of implementation intentions can reduce self-harm in the community.

Design

A randomized controlled design was used.

Methods

At pre-intervention, outcome variables (self-harm in both specified and unspecified critical situations and suicidality) and potential moderators of implementation intentions (goal intention, mental imagery, and exposure to self-harm) were measured using self-report questionnaires. The participants (N = 469, aged 18–66 years, 86.4% female, 6.8% male and 6.7% other) were then randomized to either an experimental (implementation intention) or control task. At three-months post-intervention, self-report questionnaires were used again to measure the outcome variables.

Results

There were no overall differences between the conditions at post-intervention. However, goal intention and mental imagery, but not exposure to self-harm, moderated the effects of condition on self-harm in specified critical situations. At high (mean + 1SD) levels of both goal intention and mental imagery, the experimental condition reported self-harming less frequently in the situations specified in their implementation intentions.

Conclusions

Implementation intentions therefore represent a useful intervention for reducing self-harm in specified critical situations for people in the community who wish to avoid self-harm and those who frequently experience self-harm and suicide related mental imagery.     

A healthcare staff decision model considering the effects of staff cross‐training

In this study a staff planning model for a health service clinic has been developed and validated using an example case of a health service clinic. The primary purpose of this research is to develop a representative staff planning model which balances the cost and benefits of staff task flexibility through crosstraining for a healthcare facility. Additionally, legal requirements for task substitution in the healthcare industry have been considered in the model.     

Relationship between achievement goal orientations and perceived motivational climate on intrinsic motivation

This study examines first the relationship of perceived motivational climate and goal orientation to indices of intrinsic, extrinsic motivation and amotivation, and second their respective role in predicting these indices of motivation. A total of 160 students enrolled in physical activity classes volunteered to participate. Results of Pearson correlation analyses indicated that students who perceived their class climate as emphasizing mastery were more likely to feel self-determined. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that perceived motivational climate was a better predictor of all indices of motivation than goal orientations. Results, discussed according to the achievement goal perspective and the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, highlight a possible motivational process explaining how the motivational climate overrides goal orientations.