高校科研业绩量化评价指标体系及评价方法初探

目的：建立高校科研业绩量化计算公式及评价方法。方法：通过对高校科研业绩的表现形式和特点进行分析，根据高校科研和教学工作实际，提出高校科研业绩量化评价指标选取原则。结果：初步拟定了指标体系和评价指标的计算方式。结论：为高校科研管理部门对科研人员评价提供量化方法。     

Thiol Reduction of 3′-Azidothymidine to 3′-Aminothymidine: Kinetics and Biomedical Implications

The ability of thiols to reduce 3gh5r2/xxlarge8242.gif" alt="prime" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-azidothymidine (AZT) to 3gh5r2/xxlarge8242.gif" alt="prime" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-aminothymidine has been investigated. Incubation with glutathione, dithiothreitol (DTT), or mercaptoethanol at pH 7.2 and 37°C leads to quantitative reduction of the azido moiety to an amine. The reaction is first order in AZT and first order in reducing agent (mono- or dithiol). The second-order rate constants are 2.77 × 10^–3, 6.55 × 10^–5, and 6.35 × 10^–6 M ^–l sec^–1 for the dithiothreitol, glutathione, and mercaptoethanol reductions, respectively. The thiol reduction of alkyl azide to amine under mild conditions is a synthetic method particularly suitable for water-soluble azido compounds that are sensitive to catalytic hydrogenation. The potential for the mono- or dithiol-mediated reduction of alkyl azides under biological conditions must be considered when conducting studies of azido drugs.     

Efficiency of work performance and contraction velocity in isotonic tetani of frog sartorius

Mechanical work, ATP, ADP, PC, free creatine and lactate concentrations were determined on IAA poisoned frog sartorii tetanically stimulated in humidified N, at 10°C in isotonic conditions (0.25 or 0.45 P₀). Tetanus duration was 0.35 s, number of tetani was varied from 0 (rest) to 25 (exhaustion). The mechanical work performed per mole ATP+PC split (W _P ^* ) amounted on the average to 16.7 kJ/mol. It was observed, however, that w _p ^* increased from about 13 to about 24 kJ/mol with decreasing ATP concentration from about 2 (resting value) to about 1 gh0246811q46v653/xxlarge956.gif" alt="mgr" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">mol/g and that this decrease in ATP was associated with a decrease of the shortening (and relaxation) speed of the muscle to about 30% of the values observed on the first tetanus. It is concluded that the thermodynamic efficiency of muscle contraction, calculated from the ratio of w _P ^* (measured) to the thermodynamic affinity (free energy change) of ATP hydrolysis (estimated) increases from about 0.3 to about 0.5 with decreasing ATP concentration and shortening speed.This work was supported by the Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique, Grants 3.332.78 and 3.364.0.82     

Peri-operative elastase-α-1 proteinase inhibitor in patients with postoperative intervertebral discitis

Summary In a prospective study of 251 patients operated upon for lumbar disc herniation it has been investigated whether the preoperative and early postoperative values of Elastase-gh36/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-1 Proteinase Inhibitor (EPI) — an indicator of inflammatory processes — and C-reactive Protein (CRP) — a well known predictor of some postoperative complications — were correlated to the later development of discitis. Postoperatively discitis developed in 14 patients. A randomly choosen group of 15 complication-free patients out of the total of 251 cases was used as control group.Elevated EPI plasma values, especially in the pre-operative and first postoperative days, turned out to be significantly related to the likelyhood of later discitis development, but no such relation for the CRP plasma values could be established. Thus and early prediction of patients at risk for this complication seems to be possible by pre- and postoperative measurement of EPI. It could be justified —but its usefulness has yet to be proven — to give antibiotics prophylactically and other anti-inflammatory medication in patients with elevated pre- and postoperative EPI values.     

玉屏风颗粒联合脾氨肽口服冻干粉在咳嗽变异性哮喘中的疗效观察

目的研究玉屏风颗粒联合脾氨肽口服冻干粉在咳嗽变异性哮喘中的临床疗效。方法收集CVA患儿99例,采用随机数字表法分成A、B、C组,每组33例,A组:玉屏风组;B组:脾氨肽组;C组:玉屏风联合脾氨肽组。每组均加用正规抗哮喘药物,总疗程3个月,观察3组的疗效情况,随访18个月。结果 3组疗效对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);复发情况显示C组有较低的复发率;三组患儿均无明显不良反应。结论玉屏风颗粒联合脾氨肽口服冻干粉在中医辨证为肺气亏虚型咳嗽变异性哮喘中的临床疗效确切,复发率低,值得推广。     

New insight into the autoimmunogenicity of the complement protein C1q

C1q along with its physiological role in maintenance of homeostasis and normal function of the immune system is involved in pathological conditions associated with repetitive generation of anti-C1q autoantibodies. The time and events that cause their first appearance are still unknown. We addressed this issue by analyzing the immunogenicity of C1q in two target groups—one of non-diseased humans and the other of lupus nephritis (LN) patients whose autoimmune disorder is associated with high titers of anti-C1q autoantibodies. The non-diseased humans were represented by pregnant women because the sex hormones are thought to be involved in triggering autoimmune pathologies by their ability to tip the balance of female adaptive immune response to production of antibodies.We screened, using ELISA, 31 sera from healthy pregnant women for the presence of IgM and IgG classes of autoantibodies, recognizing epitopes within the native C1q molecule, its collagen-like region (CLR) and globular head fragment (gC1q). The latter was represented by recombinant analogs of the three globular fragments of A, B and C chains, comprising C1q-ghA, ghB and ghC. We did not find IgM antibodies for all test-antigens which suggest that the natural IgM antibodies are not involved in triggering autoimmunity to C1q. Still more, we did not detect anti-CLR antibodies which have been proved pathogenic in already manifested LN. We completed the analysis with comparative epitope mapping of gC1q and we found similar immunogenic behavior in both target groups—ghA and ghC contained the immunodominant epitopes. This implies that the initial immune response to C1q might occur when the molecule has interacted with its ligands via ghB as part of gC1q. The presence of anti-gC1q in both healthy and diseased humans also implies that these antibodies, unlike anti-CLR, may have a contribution to an onset of autoimmunity.     

A behavioural and neurochemical analysis of chronic and selective monoamine oxidase inhibition

The effects of clorgyline were compared with the effects of (-)-deprenyl using measures of rewarding hypothalamic self-stimulation, regional monoamine metabolism and monoamine oxidase activity. Male Wistar rats trained to self-stimulate at half-maximal rates with unilateral bipolar lateral hypothalamic electrodes on a continuous reinforcement schedule were implanted subcutaneously with osmotic minipumps which delivered 1 mg·kg^-1 drug per day or vehicle for 13 days. A response rate/stimulation frequency (reward summation) function was determined the day before minipump implantation and on days 5 and 13 of drug administration. Only clorgyline induced a shift to the left in the reward summation function at 5 and 13 days, indicating enhancement of reinforcement. Clonidine (50 gh843442/xxlarge956.gif" alt="mgr" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">g·kg^-1 IP) probe tests were run on days 2 and 10 to determine the sensitivity of gh843442/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">₂-noradrenaline receptors. Clorgyline induced an attenuation of the clonidine response on day 10 relative to day 2. The other groups exhibited no change in response to clonidine. Clorgyline also induced a progressive increase in self-stimulation rates; this effect was not observed with the other groups. The clorgyline effects were accompanied by an increase in regional brain levels of dopamine, noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine and a reduction of their acid metabolites. Clorgyline selectively inhibited type A monoamine oxidase, whereas (-)-deprenyl selectively inhibited type B monoamine oxidase.     

高原维康片对移居者记忆与肢体运动能力的影响

目的 :采用神经心理测验方法探讨验证维康片对高原移居者大脑记忆功能和肢体运动能力的改善作用。方法 :选择移居海拔 370 0m 6个月的 4 0名健康青年 ,随机分为甲、乙二组 ,各组2 0人 ,甲组 (服药组 )口服高原维康片 ,乙组 (对照组 )口服炒面胶囊 ,两组均在服药前后及运动前后采用DDX - 2 0 0型电脑多项心理生理测试仪检测服药前运动前 (A)、服药前运动后 (B) ,服药 1 0d运动前 (C) ,服药 1 0d运动后 (D) ,停药 1 0d运动前 (E) ,停药 1 0d运动后 (F)的左右手敲击动作频率和数字记忆广度倒背数六个阶段的二项测验。应用EGM型自行车进行负荷运动 [负荷指标 :W 2 5 0P(1 75～ 1 80 )次 /分 ]。进行甲、乙两组六个阶段的测验结果对比。结果 :左右手交叉敲击动作频率测验 ,甲组服药 1 0d运动前、后及停药 1 0d运动前较乙组同阶段测验结果比较 ,错误次数显著减少 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,甲组自身比较 ,服药 1 0d运动前后及停药 1 0d运动前 ,较服药前运动前、后 ,错误次数显著减少 (P <0 .0 1 )。数字记忆广度倒背数测验 ,甲组服药 1 0d运动前、后及停药 1 0d运动前、后 ,自身比较及与乙组同阶段比较得分数显著增高 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :口服高原维康片能显著提高和善高原移居者记忆功能与肢体运动能力 ,停药 1 0d后运     

Effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate production in calvaria of mice

Summary 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)₂D₃), added at doses which stimulate bone resorption in the system used, did not increase adenosine 3gh5880u57w25k628/xxlarge8242.gif" alt="prime" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">,5gh5880u57w25k628/xxlarge8242.gif" alt="prime" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production in vitro in mouse calvaria incubated for up to 48 h. Thus 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ does not appear to stimulate bone resorption through involvement of an increased cAMP production.     

托瑞米芬用于逆转肿瘤耐药时血药浓度的测定

 目的建立适合枸橼酸托瑞米芬血药浓度的HPLC，并测定其用于非小细胞肺癌患者逆转肿瘤耐药时的体内药物水平。方法色谱柱：C₁₈(10μm，150mm×4.6mm)；流动相：甲醇-100μmol·L^-1乙酸铵溶液 三乙胺(90∶10∶0.05)；波长：277nm。结果方法在0.1～10.0μg·mL^-1范围内定量线性良好(r=0.9999)，最低检测量为1ng。精密度和回收率均良好。成功应用于临床患者TORC血药浓度的测定。结论本方法适用于TORC用于逆转肿瘤耐药时高剂量给药的血药浓度测定，但临床测定结果较国外数据高，有待进一步研究。