Peroperative scoring systems for predicting the outcome of cytoreductive surgery in advanced-stage ovarian cancer – A systematic review

The extent of peritoneal metastases (PM) largely determines the possibility of complete or optimal cytoreductive surgery in advanced ovarian cancer. An objective scoring system to quantify the extent of PM can help clinicians to decide whether or not to embark on CRS. Therefore several scoring systems have been developed by different research teams and this review summarizes their performance in predicting a complete or optimal cytoreduction in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. A systematic search in the MEDLINE database revealed 19 articles that described a total of five main scoring systems to predict the completeness of CRS in patients with FIGO stage III-IV ovarian cancer based on the surgical exploration of the abdominal cavity; PCI, PIV, Eisenkop, Espada, and Kasper. The Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) and the Predictive Index Value (PIV) were mentioned most frequently and showed AUCs of 0.69–0.92 and 0.66–0.98, respectively. Due to the use of different cut-offs sensitivities and specificities greatly varied. Therefore with the current data, no scoring system could be identified as best. An objective measure of the extent of disease can be of great clinical use for identifying ovarian cancer patients for which a complete (or optimal) CRS is achievable, however due to local differences in treatment strategies and surgical policy a widely adopted objective scoring system with a standard cut-off value is not feasible. Nevertheless, objective scoring systems can play an important role to guide treatment decisions.     

Trace metal toxicity in some food items in three major markets in Ado-Odo/Ota LGA,Ogun State,Nigeria and associated health implications

BackgroundMany of the markets in Nigeria are open, where foodstuffs are laid bare on flat trays and open baskets, directly exposing them to environmental contaminants. This study aimed at determining whether some food items on sale around an industrialized area of Ogun State are contaminated with trace metals.MethodsSeven different food items – Clarias gariepinus (roasted, fresh and smoked) Bos taurus (dried and fresh beef), zobo leaf (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) were sampled from three major markets, namely: Lusada, Atan and Ota in Ado-Odo/Ota LGA of Ogun State. They were analyzed for Lead, Cadmium, Nickel, Manganese and Zinc using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.ResultsCd was not detected in most of the food items across the markets. Pb, Ni and Mn were detected in very high concentrations above the maximum allowable limits by international regulatory agencies. Zn was the only metal that was generally below regulatory limits in food items across the three markets. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) values were generally higher than values acceptable in food.ConclusionSome of the food items consumed in this area are not entirely safe from metal toxicity and this may have serious health consequences.     

The Optimal Primary Treatment for Pediatric Perianal Abscess and Anal Fistula: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

BackgroundPerianal abscesses and anal fistulas are common. The principle of intention-to-treat has not been considered in previous systemic reviews. Thus, the comparison between primary and post-recurrence management was confused, and the recommendation of primary treatment is obscure. The current study aims to identify the optimal initial treatment for pediatric patients.MethodsUsing PRISMA guidelines, studies were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar without any language or study design restriction. The inclusion criteria include original articles or articles with original data, studies of management for a perianal abscess with or without anal fistula, and patient age of <18 years. Patients with local malignancy, Crohn's disease, or other underlying predisposing conditions were excluded. Studies without analyzing recurrence, case series of <5, and irrelevant articles were excluded in the screening stage. Of the 124 screened articles, 14 articles had no full texts or detailed information. Articles written in a language other than English or Mandarin were translated by Google Translation first and confirmed with native speakers. After the eligibility process, studies that compared identified primary managements were then included in the qualitative synthesis.ResultsThirty-one studies involving 2507 pediatric patients met the inclusion criteria. The study design consisted of two prospective case series of 47 patients and retrospective cohort studies. No randomized control trials were identified. Meta-analyses for recurrence after initial management were performed with a random-effects model. Conservative treatment and drainage revealed no difference (Odds ratio [OR], 1.222; 95% Confidential interval [CI]: 0.615–2.427, p = 0.567). Conservative management had a higher risk of recurrence than surgery without statistical significance (OR 0.278, 95% CI: 0.109–0.707, p = 0.007). Compared with incision/drainage, surgery can prevent recurrence remarkably (OR 4.360, 95% CI: 1.761–10.792, p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis of different approaches within conservative treatment and operation was not performed for lacking information.ConclusionStrong recommendations cannot be made due to the lack of prospective or randomized controlled studies. However, the current study based on real primary management supports initial surgical intervention for pediatric patients with perianal abscesses and anal fistula to prevent recurrence.Level of evidenceType of study: Systemic review; Evidence level: Level II.     

河南省药品批发企业新版GSP跟踪检查缺陷项目分析

目的：分析河南省药品批发企业实施新版《药品经营质量管理规范》（GSP）后跟踪检查中发现的共性问题,为今后制定有针对性的监管措施和企业避免出现类似问题提供参考。方法：对224家药品批发企业实施新版《药品经营质量管理规范》后跟踪检查中发现的缺陷项目进行统计,分析药品批发企业GSP质量体系存在的主要问题和原因,提出相应的解决措施。结果与结论：河南省药品批发企业在药品储存与养护、设施与设备、收货与验收、采购、人员与培训等方面还存在不足,企业应当持续不断地改进和完善质量管理体系;提高培训的针对性和实效性。     

社区卫生服务项目标化工作量技术难度和风险程度的精准赋值方法研究

背景　标化工作量的计算公式中包含人力时、技术难度和风险程度三个变量,其中技术难度和风险程度是一种主观的度量,不同部门和工种的业务人员会有自己的度量衡,一般来说,相同工种的业务人员度量衡相对一致,但不同部门和工种的人员之间则难以获得相同的度量衡,这使得不同部门之间的技术难度和风险程度度量值不可比。目的　本研究拟在测算社区卫生服务项目标化工作量背景下解决跨部门的技术难度和风险程度主观度量衡均一化问题。方法　从标化工作量的内涵出发,选择专业的、有代表性的业务人员,获取其对所在科室各项目人力时、技术难度和风险程度的原始赋值,按照最小值和平均值原则进行转换,再将转换后的技术难度和风险程度取值乘以使用串联法得到的科室间转换系数,得到不同科室间可比的技术难度和风险程度最终取值,并使用排序法解决确定最终取值前的争议。结果　选择的专家权威程度基本大于0.7,结果科学可信,得到了各科室间的技术难度和风险程度转换系数,得到了各个科室所有项目可比的技术难度和风险程度最终取值。结论　标化工作量的技术难度和风险程度等参数的测量取值,需要选择有代表性的业务人员,获得其赋值结果,测得各人的原始赋值后,通过最小值及平均值原则、串联法、排序法,可以顺利地获得各个项目在全院范围内可比的技术难度和风险程度最终取值。     

两种纤维桩短期修复效果的临床观察

目的 观察两种玻璃纤维桩修复系统修复牙齿缺损的短期临床疗效。方法 选择北京宣武中医医院口腔科门诊和北京大学口腔医院特诊科因牙体缺损进行桩核冠修复的符合纳入标准的120例患者,经知情同意后,随机分2组,每组 60例,分别采用 Tenax Fiber White纤维桩与国产 OUYA FIBER纤维桩修复系统修复,修复后 1周与 3个月复诊,检查纤维桩修复的临床效果。结果 Tenax Fiber White纤维桩与OUYA FIBER纤维桩修复1周后,检查纤维桩修复体的总体情况、边缘密合性、边缘着色情况,两组满意率均达到 98%以上;3个月后复查,通过 X线片检查纤维桩的总体情况和基牙情况,以及咀嚼功能恢复情况,两组满意率均达到 96%以上;2组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 OUYA FIBER纤维桩与Tenax Fiber White纤维桩在3个月的观察期间的总体疗效相当,值得推广应用,但仍需对其疗效进行长期的临床观察。     

FH clinical phenotype in Greek patients with LDL-R defective vs. negative mutations

BACKGROUND: Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is caused by mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene and the gene encoding apolipoprotein B-100, affecting one in 500 individuals. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-three Greek FH patients were screened for mutations on the LDLR and ApoB genes. RESULTS: We identified mutations in 67 probands and 11 relatives. Sixteen mutations located in eight different exons and the promoter of the LDLR were discovered. Among them 10 were missense mutations (C6W, S265R, A370T, Q363P, D365E, V408M, A410T, A517T, G528D, G571E), two were nonsense mutations (Q363X and C660X), three were splice defects (2140 + 5G-->A and 2140 + 9C-->T, 1706 - 10G-->A), and one was a nucleotide substitution (- 45delT) on the promoter. None of the subjects carried any apoB mutation. The detection rate of mutations in this study was 43%. From the above mutations, A410T, A519T and the splice site defects 2140 + 9C-->T were detected for the first time in the Greek population. Among them V408M, G528D, C6W and S265R account for 73% of heterozygous FH probands. V408M mutation is more common in Central West, while C6W is more common in Central East. Separating the patients into two groups (receptor defective and receptor negative) we found that the receptor negative group had higher levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher prevalence of tendon xanthomas compared with the receptor-defective group. DISCUSSION: The homogenous molecular basis of familial hypercholesterolaemia in Greece facilitates the application of a DNA diagnostic strategy based on the origin of the patient. The early mutation analysis would add valuable information on the severity of the disease.     

我国护理项目成本核算的发展与思考

护理成本管理是现代护理管理工作的重要组成部分。为了规范医疗护理服务价格，提高护理成本管理水平，有必要先形成科学规范的护理成本核算体系。目前，我国的护理成本研究正逐步深化，护理成本核算向项目化发展。本文介绍了护理项目成本核算的内容及我国护理项目成本核算的发展现况，并提出护理项目成本核算发展的思考。     

盆腔炎性疾病后遗症(远期后遗症)中医PRO初量表的条目筛选

目的:在中医理论指导下,对盆腔炎性疾病后遗症(远期后遗症)中医PRO初量表问卷进行条目筛选,为后期的量表考核以及下一阶段制定盆腔炎性疾病后遗症(远期后遗症)中医PRO量表及确定证素诊断阈值打下基础。方法:在前期的文献研究及专家咨询结果的基础上,编制由90个条目组成的PRO初量表问卷。通过对临床调查的152名患者量表资料采用离散趋势法、相关系数法、克朗巴赫系数法及聚类分析法的分析,对各条目进行筛选。结果:最终形成由32个条目组成,包含7个证素维度的条目池。结论:形成的初量表可以应用于临床,对临高临床诊断的准确性及临床科研有一定的帮助。