创伤后重型急性弥漫性脑肿胀临床治疗策略

目的 探讨重型创伤后急性弥漫性脑肿胀（PADBS）患者保守治疗与手术治疗的疗效。方法 分析 2016年1月—2019年12月该院神经外科收治的44例重型PADBS患者，根据治疗方式分为手术组和保守治疗组，统计入院时格拉斯哥昏迷量表（GCS）评分、头颅CT检查情况、伤后6个月格拉斯哥预后量表（GOS）评分等资料。结果 两组患者入院时年龄、性别及GCS评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者伤后6个月时GOS评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），但两组住院时间比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），手术组长于保守治疗组。结论 重型PADBS在无瞳孔变化及GCS评分下降的情况下，可密切观察病情下选择保守治疗。     

去骨瓣减压术治疗大面积脑梗死的短期疗效评价

目的:评价去骨瓣减压术治疗大面积脑梗死的效果。方法:制定入选和排除标准,统一术式,比较术前、术后不同时期的神经功能变化,并对存活病例进行随访(6个月),评价术后3和6个月时的预后评分(GOS)和BarthelIndex(BI)的变化。结果:按入选标准行去骨瓣减压术26例,术后死亡率为30.8%。术前昏迷评分GCS对决定手术时机有指导作用。共随访14例患者,术后3和6个月GOS分别为3.6±0.8和4.0±0.8,与出院时GOS评分比差异有统计学意义。术后3和6个月BI分别为68.9±29.4和77.5±28.3,其中术后6个月BI>60者占85.7%。结论:对保守治疗无效的大面积脑梗死患者,去骨瓣减压术不仅可作为一种“救命”手术,而且多数存活病例恢复较好。合理选择手术适应证、及时把握手术时机以及充分手术减压可能是影响预后的重要因素。     

双侧同时开颅治疗重型颅脑损伤随机对照临床研究

目的探讨双侧同时开颅手术治疗重型颅脑损伤（sTBI）的疗效。方法49例sTBI患者，分为双侧同时开颅手术（治疗组）和传统手术方式（对照组）并于3个月后进行COS评定。结果治疗组27例，恢复良好9例，中度残疾5例，重残4例，植物生存2例，死亡7例。对照组22例，恢复良好3例，中度残疾0例，重残3例，植物生存6例，死亡10例，（P〈0．05）。结论采用双侧同时开颅手术治疗sTBI疗效优于传统手术方式。     

去大骨瓣减压颞肌贴敷术治疗大面积脑梗死患者几种护理模式的临床应用效果

目的:对比研究不同护理模式在去大骨瓣减压颞肌贴敷术治疗大面积脑梗死患者临床护理中的应用价值。方法:将襄阳市中心医院收治的120例大面积脑梗死患者随机分为A组、B组、C组,各组40例。A组进行常规护理,B组进行临床护理路径表护理,C组进行循证护理。于3组患者护理干预前后,根据美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分标准评价患者神经功能缺损程度,并根据格拉斯哥预后分级(Glasgow outcome scale,GOS)评价3组患者预后情况。结果:护理3个月、6个月后,C组患者NIHSS评分低于A组、B组(P<0.05),A组、 B组比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.0 5)。在预后良好率,A组、 B组、 C组依次为5 0%、6 2.5%、 8 2.5%, C组高于A组、 B组(P <0.0 5), A组、 B组比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.0 5)。结论:于大面积脑梗死患者行去大骨瓣减压颞肌贴敷术治疗中行循证护理能有效提高护理效果,改善患者神经功能缺损程度及预后。     

Post-traumatic hydrocephalus following decompressive hemicraniectomy: Incidence and risk factors in a prospective cohort of severe TBI patients

BackgroundIn severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients undergoing decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC), the rate of post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is high at 12–36%. Early diagnosis and shunt placement can improve outcomes. Herein, we examined the incidence of and predictors of PTH after craniectomy.MethodsA retrospective analysis of prospectively collected database of severe TBI patients at a single U.S. Level 1 trauma center from May 2000 to July 2014 was performed. Demographics, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), bleeding pattern and time-to-cranioplasty were analyzed. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores at 6 and 12-months were studied. Statistical significance was assessed at p < 0.05.ResultsA total of 402 patients were enrolled and 105 patients had DHC. Twenty-two (21.0%) of 105 required ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS), compared to 18 (6%) of 297 patients without DHC. There was increased odds ratio for shunting after DHC at 3.62 (95%CI:1.62–8.07; p < 0.01). Mean age at time of DHC was 43.8 ± 17.7 years old, and 81.9% were male. Subdural hematoma (SDH) was most common at 57.1%. Median time from admission to cranioplasty was 63 days. Patients who experienced PTH after DHC were younger (35.5 ± 17.7 versus 46.0 ± 17.7 years, p < 0.01) and had higher ISS scores (35 versus 26, p = 0.04) compared to patients without shunt after DHC.ConclusionsAfter severe TBI requiring hemicraniectomy, shunt-dependent hydrocephalus was 21%. Younger patients and higher ISS score were associated with PTH. Shunt-dependent patients achieved similar 6- and 12-month outcomes as those without PTH. Early diagnosis and shunt placement can enhance long-term neurological recovery.     

双侧平衡去骨瓣治疗重症闭合性颅脑损伤的临床效果分析

目的：探讨双侧平衡去骨瓣减压治疗重症闭合性颅脑损伤的效果。方法择取2006年1月-2014年6月该院收治的重症闭合性颅脑损伤患者92例,按其治疗方法的不同分为为研究组（双侧平衡去骨瓣减压术）和参照组（单侧标准外伤大骨瓣减压术）各46例,分析两组治疗前后颅内压的变化情况,并比较其临床疗效及并发症情况。结果治疗后,两组的颅内压均较治疗前低（P<0.05）,但研究组的颅内压明显低于参照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;研究组并发症明显少于参照组（P<0.05）,且其总有效率（84.78%）较参照组（54.35%）高（P<0.05）。结论双侧平衡去骨瓣减压治疗重症闭合性颅脑损伤患者的临床效果显著,值得推广。     

醒脑静注射液联合改良去大骨瓣减压术对重型颅脑损伤患者颅内压及近期预后的影响

目的探讨醒脑静注射液联合改良去大骨瓣减压术对重型颅脑损伤患者颅内压及近期预后的影响。方法选取襄阳市中心医院2017年3月至2018年4月收治的重型颅脑损伤患者60例,随机分为观察组与对照组,各30例。两组患者入院后均予常规止血、降温、吸氧、补液、脑神经保护和降颅内压等紧急对症处理,并行改良去大骨瓣减压术,观察组加用醒脑静注射液治疗1个月。结果两组患者格拉斯哥预后量表(GOS)评级无明显差异(P>0.05);观察组患者术后颅内压恢复平稳时间均及术后住院时间明显短于对照组,格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素2(IL-2)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组与对照组不良反应发生率相当(26.67%比23.33%,P>0.05)。结论醒脑静注射液联合改良去大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤,可加快患者颅内压的平稳恢复,改善神经组织损伤,降低炎性因子水平。     

Cranioplasty after decompressive hemicraniectomy: Underestimated surgery-associated complications?

Objective

Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DC) and duroplasty after malignant brain infarction or traumatic brain injury is a common surgical procedure. Usually, preserved bone flaps are being reimplanted after resolution of brain swelling. Alloplast cranioplasties are seldom directly implanted due to the risk of wound healing disorders. While numerous studies deal with DC, little is known about the encountered problems of bone flap reimplantation. Thus, aim of the study was to identify surgery-associated complications after bone flap reimplantation.

Methods

We performed a retrospective chart analysis of patients that underwent DC and subsequent bone flap reimplantation between 2001 and 2011 at our institution. We registered demographic data, initial clinical diagnosis and surgery-associated complications.

Results

We identified 136 patients that underwent DC and subsequent reimplantation. Forty-one patients (30.1%) had early or late surgery-associated complications after bone flap reimplantation. Most often, bone flap resorption and postoperative wound infections were the underlying causes (73%, n = 30/41). Multivariate analysis identified age (p = 0.045; OR = 16.30), GOS prior to cranioplasty (p = 0.03; OR = 2.38) and nicotine abuse as a prognostic factor for surgery-associated complications (p = 0.043; OR = 4.02). Furthermore, patients with early cranioplasty had a better functional outcome than patients with late cranioplasty (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Almost one-third of the patients that are operated on for bone flap reimplantation after DC suffer from surgery-associated complications. Most often, wound healing disorders as well as bone flap resorption lead to a second or even third operation with the need for artificial bone implantation. These results might raise the question, if subsequent operations can be avoided, if an artificial bone is initially chosen for cranioplasty.     

Decompressive craniectomy 116 h after malignant middle cerebral artery infarction

The optimal timing of decompressive craniectomy in pediatric patients after presentation with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction is unknown. We report herein the case of a previously healthy 6‐year‐old Japanese girl who had good outcome after emergency decompressive craniectomy 116 h after malignant middle cerebral artery infarction. This case suggests that the timing of decompressive craniectomy can be delayed until deterioration of neurological findings and, compared with adults, a more prolonged time course for surgical intervention might be acceptable.