Intervention rates and outcomes in medically managed uncomplicated descending thoracic aortic dissections

ObjectiveTo evaluate the long-term incidence and outcome of aortic interventions for medically managed uncomplicated thoracic aortic dissections.MethodsBetween January 2012 and December 2018, 91 patients were discharged home with an uncomplicated, medically treated aortic dissection (involving the descending aorta with or without aortic arch involvement, no ascending involvement). After a median period of 4 (first quartile: 2, third quartile: 11) months, 30 patients (33%) required an aortic intervention. Patient characteristics, radiographic, treatment, and follow-up data were compared for patients with and without aortic interventions. A competing risk regression model was analyzed to identify independent predictors of aortic intervention and to predict the risk for intervention.ResultsPatients who underwent aortic interventions had significantly larger thoracic (P = .041) and abdominal (P = .015) aortic diameters, the dissection was significantly longer (P = .035), there were more communications between both lumina (P = .040), and the first communication was significantly closer to the left subclavian artery (P = .049). A descending thoracic aortic diameter exceeding 45 mm was predictive for an aortic intervention (P = .001; subdistribution hazard ratio: 3.51). The risk for aortic intervention was 27% ± 10% and 36% ± 11% after 1 and 3 years, respectively. Fourteen patients (47%) underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair, 11 patients (37%) thoracic endovascular aortic repair and left carotid to subclavian bypass, 3 patients (10%) total arch replacement with the frozen elephant trunk technique, and 2 patients (7%) thoracoabdominal aortic replacement. We observed no in-hospital mortality.ConclusionsThe need for secondary aortic interventions in patients with initially medically managed, uncomplicated descending aortic dissections is substantial. The full spectrum of aortic treatment options (endovascular, hybrid, conventional open surgical) is required in these patients.     

基于苗药五藤膏外敷对CIA大鼠炎性骨破坏的影响探讨苗医外治就近驱邪的作用＊

目的 通过研究明确苗药五藤膏外敷缓解胶原诱导性关节炎（CIA）大鼠关节局部炎症和骨破坏的机制，证实苗医外治就近驱邪的作用。方法 将70只Wistar大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、苗药五藤膏高、中、低剂量组、扶他林组及IL-17阻断组，每组10只。除空白组外，其余6组均构建CIA模型，并给予相应的外敷治疗。观察大鼠一般情况，HE染色进行病理学分析，TRAP染色检测OC生成，ELISA检测各炎症因子的含量，RT-PCR和WB分别检测RANKL的基因及蛋白表达。结果 苗药五藤膏能改善CIA大鼠破骨细胞浸润及关节病理性结构，并降低RANKL蛋白、基因表达以及TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-17含量。结论 苗药五藤膏外敷剂对CIA大鼠的治疗机制可能与降低致炎因子的分泌，抑制RANKL及OC的表达相关。     

Radiation-Free Thoracic Endovascular Aneurysm Repair with Fiberoptic and Electromagnetic Guidance: A Phantom Study

PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of a radiation-free implantation of a thoracic aortic stent graft employing fiberoptic and electromagnetic tracking in an anthropomorphic phantom.Materials and MethodsAn anthropomorphic phantom was manufactured based on computed tomography (CT) angiography data from a patient. An aortic stent graft application system was equipped with a fiber Bragg gratings and 3 electromagnetic sensors. The stent graft was navigated in the phantom by 3 interventionalists using the tracking data generated by both technologies. One implantation procedure was performed. The technical success of the procedure was evaluated using digital subtraction angiography and CT angiography (before and after the intervention). Tracking accuracy was determined at various anatomical landmarks based on separately acquired fluoroscopic images. The mean/maximum errors were measured for the stent graft application system and the tip/end of the stent graft.ResultsThe procedure resulted in technical success with a mean error below 3 mm for the entire application system and <2 mm for the position of the tip of the stent graft. Navigation/implantation and handling of the device were rated sufficiently accurate and on par with comparable, routinely used stent graft application systems.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates successful stent graft implantation during a thoracic endovascular aortic repair procedure employing advanced guidance techniques and avoiding fluoroscopic imaging. This is an essential step in facilitating the implantation of stent grafts and reducing the health risks associated with ionizing radiation during endovascular procedures.     

黄芩素调控 NLRP3 / Caspase-1 通路对牙周炎大鼠牙槽骨吸收的影响

目的 探索黄芩素调控核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白 3 ( nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3, NLRP3) / 半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶 1 ( cysteine aspartate protease 1, Caspase1) 通路对牙周炎大鼠牙槽骨吸收的影响。 方法 将 40 只牙周炎大鼠随机分为模型组、 黄芩素组、 激活剂 组、 黄芩素 + 激活剂组, 另取 10 只正常作为对照组。 检测大鼠釉牙骨质界到牙槽嵴顶 (CEJ-AC) 的距离、 血清中白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、 转化生长因子-β (TGF-β) 含量以及牙周组织病理变化、 IL-6、 TGF-β 阳性 表达和 NLRP3、 Caspase-1 蛋白表达。 结果 模型组大鼠 CEJ-AC、 NLRP3、 Caspase-1、 IL-6、 TGF-β 水平及 阳性表达水平以及蛋白表达水平均升高 (P< 0. 05); 经黄芩素干预后, 各项指标均降低 (P< 0. 05); 引入 激活剂明显削弱了黄芩素对牙周炎大鼠的抗炎作用。 结论 黄芩素通过抑制 NLRP3 / Caspase-1 通路减轻炎性反应, 控制牙槽骨吸收。     

脐带间充质干细胞分泌的外泌体对骨性关节炎模型大鼠的镇痛作用

目的观察脐带间充质干细胞分泌的外泌体对骨性关节炎模型大鼠疼痛行为、软骨修复及背根神经节(DRG)中转录激活因子3(ATF-3)及生长相关蛋白43(GAP-43)表达的影响, 并探讨外泌体治疗关节炎疼痛的可能机制。方法采用随机数字表法将54只雄性SD大鼠分为假手术组、模型组和外泌体组, 每组18只, 除假手术组外, 其余2组均于左后肢膝关节腔注射4 mg/50 μl单碘乙酸钠(MIA)建立疼痛模型, 假手术组大鼠关节腔注射50 μl生理盐水作为对照。造模14天后, 假手术组和模型组大鼠左后肢膝关节腔注射50 μl生理盐水, 外泌体组大鼠注射50 μl外泌体。于造模前1天、造模后第7、14天及给药后第7、14、28天对各组大鼠机械痛阈和热痛阈进行测定;于测试后取出相应时间点DRG, 采用免疫蛋白印迹法检测ATF-3及GAP-43表达情况;并取出相应时间点各组大鼠膝关节, 采用苏木素伊红(HE)染色检测软骨修复情况。结果与模型组比较, 外泌体组在给药后第7天时, 机械痛阈值及热痛阈值均明显增加, 直到给药后第28天时差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);DRG水平ATF-3蛋白表达显著...     

Barrett食管伴滑动性食管裂孔疝腹腔镜治疗疗效观察

目的探究合并滑动性食管裂孔疝的Barrett食管患者经腹腔镜下治疗后生活质量和食管黏膜病变的改善情况。 方法回顾性收集首都医科大学宣武医院胃食管反流中心2016年1月至2020年12月诊断为Barrett食管伴滑动性食管裂孔疝患者23例，接受腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补+胃底折叠术，于术前和术后12周时行胃镜、胃食管反流病自测量表（Gerd Q）评分、反流症状指数（RSI）评分、健康调查量表36（SF-36）调查问卷，评估患者术后生活质量和食管黏膜改善情况。 结果23例伴滑动性食管裂孔疝的Barrett患者术后12周随访显示3例患者黏膜病变部分消退。患者术后GerdQ、RSI相较术前均有明显改善（GerdQ：5.78±1.54 vs 11.65±1.50，P=0.00；RSI：9.70±1.92 vs 18.57±3.01，P=0.00），SF-36量表仅在生理功能方面改善不明显（85.87±4.16 vs 86.43±3.12，P=0.31），生理职能、情感职能、活力、精神健康、社会功能、躯体疼痛和总体健康方面均明显改善（生理职能：66.43±6.13 vs 35.48±2.86，P=0.00；情感职能：73.74±4.91 vs 65.22±2.58，P=0.00；活力：56.96±3.80 vs 50.30±4.56，P=0.00；精神健康：62.09±4.89 vs 53.26±2.07，P=0.00；社会功能：81.39±4.42 vs 74.00±3.59，P=0.00；躯体疼痛：80.00±6.84 vs 75.30±10.27，P=0.00；总体健康：69.17±5.68 vs 60.17±4.61，P=0.00）。 结论腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补+胃底折叠术对伴滑动性食管裂孔疝的Barrett食管患者生活质量和黏膜病变均有一定改善。     

携带同源重组修复相关基因突变的消化道肿瘤的临床特点

目的:探讨消化道肿瘤中同源重组修复相关基因(homologous recombination repair related gene，HRR)突变的发生情况及临床意义。方法:共92例消化道肿瘤患者，79例患者进行了血液标本HRR检测，53例患者进行了组织标本HRR检测，40例患者同时行血液和组织的HRR基因检测，收集患者基因检测结果及临床相关资料。结果:在79例患者血液标本检测中发现10例（12.6%）有临床意义HRR突变，在53例患者组织标本检测中发现9例（17.0%）有临床意义HRR突变。40例同时行血液和组织的HRR基因检测患者中常见的有临床意义HRR突变为CDK12突变4例（10.0%）、ATM突变3例（7.5%）、BRCA1突变2例（5.0%）。13例有临床意义HRR突变患者中常见共存突变为TP53突变10例（76.9%）、APC突变5例（38.5%）、PIK3CA突变4例（30.8%）。40例患者中13例患者血液和/或组织中有临床意义HRR突变，27例患者血液和组织中均无任何临床意义HRR突变且两组相比，有临床意义HRR突变组肿瘤突变负荷（tumor mutational burden，TMB）为6.17(2.24～11.52)，而未携带HRR突变组TMB为0.4(0～3.75)，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。40例患者组织检测中7例HRR有临床意义的突变，33例无HRR突变，血液检测中10例HRR有临床意义的突变，30例无HRR突变，一致性检验的Kappa值为0.333（P=0.031）。结论:携带有临床意义HRR突变的消化道肿瘤患者TMB更高，血液和组织检测HRR突变有较好的一致性。