Brazilian versions of the Measure of Processes of Care-20 and Measure of Processes of Care-Service Providers: translation,cross-cultural adaptation and reliability

BackgroundThe Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) questionnaires evaluate Family-Centered Practice (FCP) in services for children with developmental disorders. The MPOC-20 and MPOC-SP are completed by parents and by rehabilitation professionals, respectively, and are widely used in several countries.ObjectivesTo translate and cross-culturally adapt the MPOC-20 and MPOC-SP to Brazilian Portuguese and evaluate their reliability and internal consistency.Methodsthis study included translation, back-translation, cognitive interviews, testing of the pre-final versions, analysis of reliability and of internal consistency of the final versions. Respondents included parents and rehabilitation professionals from rehabilitation centers in four capital cities in Brazil.ResultsTranslation and cultural-adaptation procedures ensured the Brazilian versions were understandable and semantically equivalent to the original MPOC-20 and MPOC-SP. Pre-final and final versions were analyzed and vetted by the original authors. The MPOC-20 internal consistency Cronbach's alpha varied between 0.61 and 0.91 (n = 107), the test-retest reliability ICC varied between 0.44 and 0.83 and the standard error of measurement varied between 0.66 and 0.85 (n = 50). The MPOC-SP internal consistency Cronbach's alpha varied between 0.52 and 0.83 (n = 92), the test-retest reliability ICC between 0.83 and 0.90, and the standard error of measure between 0.34 and 0.46 (n = 62).ConclusionThe Brazilian versions of the MPOC-20 and the MPOC-SP are in general stable and sufficiently reliable. They are relevant to the evaluation of FCP and provide information that can improve health services and ensure better care.     

Perceiving a stable world during active rotational and translational head movements

When a person moves through the world, the associated visual displacement of the environment in the opposite direction is not usually seen as external movement but rather as a changing view of a stable world. We measured the amount of visual motion that can be tolerated as compatible with the perception of moving within a stable world during active, sinusoidal, translational and rotational head movement. Head movements were monitored by means of a low-latency, mechanical head tracker and the information was used to update a helmet-mounted visual display. A variable gain was introduced between the head tracker and the display. Ten subjects adjusted this gain until the visual display appeared stable during sinusoidal yaw, pitch and roll head rotations and naso-occipital, inter-aural and dorso-ventral translations at 0.5 Hz. Each head movement was tested with movement either orthogonal to or parallel with gravity. A wide spread of gains was accepted as stable (0.8 to 1.4 for rotation and 1.1 to 1.8 for translation). The gain most likely to be perceived as stable was greater than that required by the geometry (1.2 for rotation; 1.4 for translation). For rotational motion, the mean gains were the same for all axes. For translation there was no effect of whether the movement was inter-aural (mean gain 1.6) or dorso-ventral (mean gain 1.5) and no effect of the relative orientation of the translation direction relative to gravity. However translation in the naso-occipital direction was associated with more closely veridical settings (mean gain 1.1) and narrower standard deviations than in other directions. These findings are discussed in terms of visual and non-visual contributions to the perception of an earth-stable environment during active head movement.     

Reactivity of a monoclonal antibody produced to the histidine-rich protein of Plasmodium lophurae with Plasmodium falciparum

Monoclonal antibodies were produced against the histidine-rich protein of Plasmodium lophurae and tested for reactivity with Plasmodium falciparum antigens. One anti-histidine-rich protein monoclonal antibody showed immunological cross-reactivity with polypeptides of P. falciparum synthesized in vivo and in vitro.     

Phenotypic suppression and nuclear accommodation of the mit − oxi1-V25 mutation in isolated yeast mitochondria

Summary Phenotypic suppression by the antibiotic, paromomycin, of the mitochondrial oxi1 ^–-V25 mutation, a mutation which arrests by premature ochre codon the synthesis of the cox 11 subunit, was studied in isolated yeast mitochondria competent in translation. This antibiotic is known to suppress the mutation in vivo (Dujardin et al. 1984) and allowed in vitro, at concentrations of 20–1100 Mg per ml. the synthesis of the cox II subunit. This strongly suggests that phenotypic suppression of mit ^– mutations is due to the direct action of paromomycin on mitochondrial ribosomes. The effect of paromomycin bears a resemblance to the function of the omnipotent nuclear suppressor mutation R705. The nuclear suppression was expressed in isolated mitochondria; suppressor mutation influenced the structure of the mitoribosome. Therefore, it appears that mitoribosomes are indeed the common target in the phenotypical and genetic nuclear suppression of the oxi1-V25 mutation.     

Saccadic anomalies: vergence induces large departures from ball-and-socket behavior

The configuration of muscular forces, which maintains a given orientation of the eye, varies with vergence state. As a consequence, changes in vergence produce both static and dynamic violations of simple ball-and-socket behavior: during strong convergence, the entire eye is displaced temporally within its orbit at steady state by as much as 200 microns; and the axis of ocular rotation for small horizontal saccades is consistently displaced forward within the globe by an average of about 1 mm. These phenomena occur regardless of whether vergence is maintained by accommodation or by binocular disparity. Hence, systematic errors of as much as a full degree can arise in measurement of vergence movement, unless monitoring methods are used which are insensitive to translational motion. The observed displacement on the axis of rotation for saccades may be involved in subjective shrinkage of visual targets during convergence ("experimental micropsia ").     

Functional expression of the renal organic cation transporter and P-glycoprotein inXenopus laevis oocytes

The hypothesis that P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediates the renal secretion of organic cations was tested by functional expression of mRNAs in theXenopus laevis oocyte system. Efflux of 2-deoxytubercidin (dTub), a substrate for the renal organic cation transporter (OCT) but not for P-gp, was enhanced by injection of renal mRNA but not by injection of mRNA from P-gp-overexpressing cells (MDCK cells transduced with the cDNA for humanMDR1). The functional capacity of the MDCK-MDR mRNA was established by its ability to reduce, the steady-state uptake of a classical P-gp substrate, vinblastine. Thus, these data indicate OCT and P-gp to be distinct entities. TheXenopus oocyte system provides a functional approach to further characterize the OCT.Work supported by NIH Grant RO1DK41606 from the Institute for Digestive Diseases and Kidney, and NIH Cancer Center Core Grant, CA 16672 from the National Cancer Institute     

氯化镉诱发16HBE细胞系恶性转化过程中TIF3 p36的变化

目的 探讨氯化镉诱发人支气管上皮细胞（16HBE）恶性转化过程中不同阶段蛋白翻译起始因子（TIF3）p36 mRNA表达水平的变化,为进一步阐明氯化镉的分子致癌机制提供线索.方法 应用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）技术,以及敏感先进的Taqman荧光定量PCR方法,检测并分析氯化镉诱发16HBE恶性转化不同阶段即转化期间细胞、转化细胞和成瘤细胞的TIF3 p36 mRNA表达量的变化.结果 相对于非转化对照细胞（16HBE）,氯化镉诱发恶性转化不同阶段细胞（转化期间细胞、转化细胞和成瘤细胞）的TIF3 p36 mRNA基因表达水平均明显升高（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）,其中低剂量组（5 μmol/L）所转化的各阶段细胞的eIF3 p36 mRNA平均表达量分别是对照细胞的3.1、5.9和9.9倍,中剂量组（10 μmol/L）的各阶段转化细胞的TIF3平均表达量分别是对照细胞的7.1、6.8和14.8倍,高剂量组（15 μmol/L）的各阶段转化细胞的TIF3 p36平均表达量分别是对照细胞的3.6、3.0和9.1倍.这些不同剂量组的研究结果提示,eIF3 p36的异常表达量与氯化镉诱发16HBE细胞恶变程度之间有正相关关系,但与镉的剂量无关.结论 氯化镉在诱发16HBE细胞恶变过程中,存在明显的蛋白翻译启动因子eIF3 p36异常表达现象,其表达水平与细胞的恶变程度密切相关,这可能是氯化镉诱发人细胞肿瘤的重要分子致癌机制之一.     

医疗联合体异质行动者网络构建研究

医疗联合体是分级诊疗制度建立的重要部分,但在实践过程中医联体作用并未达到预期目标。本文通过查阅文献,采用行动者网络理论中的"转译"作为逻辑分析工具。通过"转译"分析区域医联体网络构建过程中遇到的障碍、参与者间的利益矛盾。研究认为,医联体涉及众多异质行动者,存在诸多矛盾和障碍,通过分析网络内各行动者的作用、利益和障碍,总结出政府的持续关注、上下级医院的协同合作以及充分利用网络技术是构建医联体并发挥作用的关键。本研究也会对政府在医联体中的正确定位,制定与优化相关医联体、分级诊疗机制和医保等政策具有参考价值。