急性胰腺炎时Oddi括约肌的生长抑素的表达及其作用

目的：探讨急性胰腺炎时Oddi括约肌( SO)生长抑素( SST)的表达及其作用。方法：采用逆行胰胆管牛磺胆酸钠注射造成豚鼠急性胰腺炎动物模型,随机分为正常对照组、急性胰腺炎模型组和生长抑素预防性治疗组。观察三组胰腺组织及SO组织病理学改变和外周血淀粉酶及脂肪酶水平;免疫组化检测三组SO内SST的表达情况。结果：急性胰腺炎豚鼠均见整个胰腺肿大,质软,部分肿大胰腺散在有黄白色脂肪坏死灶。镜下见广泛细胞变性,间质水肿,炎性细胞浸润。部分伴广泛腺泡细胞及胰岛细胞坏死,腺体内片状间质出血斑;生长抑素预防性治疗的急性胰腺炎豚鼠胰腺病理组织学较AP时组织水肿减轻,细胞变性和坏死明显减少,评分明显低于急性胰腺炎组,P<0.05。急性胰腺炎时SO内SST的表达减少。结论：急性胰腺炎的发生静脉给予SST,维持了豚鼠急性胰腺炎后循环中的SST水平,SO内SST神经分泌明显减少,显著防止了胰腺炎症病变。     

双吻合法与荷包钳单吻合法在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的临床应用比较

目的：探讨双吻合法与荷包钳单吻合法在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的优缺点.方法：对2005年3月～2008年12月我科65例低位直肠癌施行保肛手术患者的两种吻合方式进行回顾性资料分析.结果：双吻合法和荷包钳单吻合法各有优缺点,两者并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论：在低位直肠癌保肛手术的过程中,双吻合法与荷包钳单吻合法是两种切实可用的吻合方式.     

单吻合器在直肠癌超低位前切除术中的应用

目的:探讨单吻合器在直肠癌超低位前切除术(ULAR)中的临床应用效果。方法:对44例单吻合器直肠癌超低位吻合术的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:所有病例均顺利接受手术,吻合口距肛缘位置为2.5～4cm,术后肛门控便功能良好,吻合口漏2例(4.5%),无吻合口出血及狭窄,局部复发3例(6.8%),1、3年生存率分别为97.44%、79.48%。结论:单吻合器同样可以完成直肠癌超低位吻合术,且手术效果及肛门功能良好,费用较低。熟练、正确地掌握单吻合器技术操作及提高全直肠系膜切除的手术技巧是手术成败的关键。     

血清GDF-15、sST2与慢性心力衰竭患者心功能的相关性分析及对预后的评估

目的探索血清生长分化因子-15(GDF-15)、可溶性生长刺激表达基因2蛋白(sST2)与慢性心力衰竭患者心功能的相关性及对预后的评估价值。方法选取2017年5月至2020年5月本院收治的CHF患者146例为研究组。另选取同期体检的健康人52例对照组,观察两组在血清GDF-15、sST2与心功能的差异,并进行相关性分析,随访研究组预后情况,分析血清GDF-15、sST2对预后评估的价值。结果Ⅳ级CHF患者血清GDF-15、sST2水平、LAD、LVEDD>Ⅲ级>Ⅱ级>对照组(P<0.05),LVEFⅣ级<Ⅲ级<Ⅱ级<对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清GDF-15、sST2与LAD、LVEDD存在显著正相关,(P<0.05),与LVEF呈显著负相关(P<0.05),ROC曲线分析显示,血清GDF-15、sST2水平对CHF患者预后不良的预测的AUC为0.946、0.954,两项联合预测AUC为0.965。结论慢性心力衰竭患者血清GDF-15、sST2水平随心衰程度加重而升高,具有较高预后预测价值,且联合预测准确性更好。     

Phosphatidylserine and caffeine attenuate postexercise mood disturbance and perception of fatigue in humans

Phosphatidylserine (PS) may attenuate the adverse effects of physical fatigue. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a multi-ingredient supplement containing 400 mg/d PS and 100 mg/d caffeine (supplement [SUP]) for 2 weeks on measures of cognitive function (CF), reaction time (RT), and mood (MD) following an acute exercise stress. It is hypothesized that PS will maintain preexercise CF and RT scores, while attenuating postexercise fatigue. Participants completed 2 acute bouts of resistance exercise (T1 and T2) separated by 2-week ingestion of SUP or control (CON). Outcome measures were assessed pre- and postexercise. When collapsed across groups, a significant decrease in RT performance was seen in the 60-second reaction drill from pre- to postexercise at T1. All other RT tests were similar from pre- to postexercise at T1. Reaction time was not significantly changed by PS. When collapsed across groups, a significant increase in performance of the serial subtraction test was seen. A significant increase (8.9% and 7.1%) in the number of correct answers and a significant decrease (8.0% and 7.5%) in time to answer were seen from pre- to postworkout at T1 and T2, respectively. A significant increase in total MD score from pre- to postworkout was observed for CON but not for PS at T2. Phosphatidylserine significantly attenuated pre- to postexercise perception of fatigue compared to CON. Ingestion of SUP for 14 days appears to attenuate postexercise MD scores and perception of fatigue, but does not affect CF or RT, in recreationally trained individuals.     

Where and what is the paralaminar nucleus? A review on a unique and frequently overlooked area of the primate amygdala

The primate amygdala is composed of multiple subnuclei that play distinct roles in amygdala function. While some nuclei have been areas of focused investigation, others remain virtually unknown. One of the more obscure regions of the amygdala is the paralaminar nucleus (PL). The PL in humans and non-human primates is relatively expanded compared to lower species. Long considered to be part of the basal nucleus, the PL has several interesting features that make it unique. These features include a dense concentration of small cells, high concentrations of receptors for corticotropin releasing hormone and benzodiazepines, and dense innervation of serotonergic fibers. More recently, high concentrations of immature-appearing cells have been noted in the primate PL, suggesting special mechanisms of neural plasticity. Following a brief overview of amygdala structure and function, this review will provide an introduction to the history, embryology, anatomical connectivity, immunohistochemical and cytoarchitectural properties of the PL. Our conclusion is that the PL is a unique subregion of the amygdala that may yield important clues about the normal growth and function of the amygdala, particularly in higher species.     

Motor inhibition and cognitive flexibility in eating disorder subtypes

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN) are complex Eating Disorders (EDs). Even if are considered two different diagnostic categories, they share clinical relevant characteristics. The evaluation of neurocognitive functions, using standardized neuropsychological assessment, could be a interesting approach to better understand differences and similarities between diagnostic categories and clinical subtypes in EDs thus improving our knowledge of the pathophisiology of EDs spectrum. This study explored cognitive flexibility and motor inhibition in patients with AN considering both Restricter and Binge/Purge subtypes, patients with BN and healthy comparisons subjects (HC). Intra-Extra Dimentional Set shifting Test and Stop Signal Task, selected from CANTAB battery, were administered to analyzed set-shifting and motor inhibition respectively. AN patients showed a deficient motor inhibition compared to HC, while no evidence for impaired motor inhibition was found in BN patients; a significant relationship between commission errors in the Stop Signal Task and attentional impulsiveness was found. Moreover, no difference in set-shifting abilities was found comparing all clinician groups and HC. So our results indicated no cognitive impairment in these two cognitive functions in BN patients, while AN and BN showed different performances in motor inhibition. A similar cognitive profile was found in other obsessive compulsive spectrum disorders. Finally, the paper suggests a new interactive approach for the study of cognitive profile in psychiatric disorders; it might be more useful since it is more closely related to the executive functions complexity.