Contemporary Management of Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation at Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

BackgroundRecent guidelines for the treatment of moderate or severe ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have changed. This study assessed the real-world impact of changing guidelines on the management of IMR during CABG over time. We hypothesized that the utilization of mitral valve repair for IMR would decrease over time, whereas mitral valve replacement for severe IMR would increase.MethodsPatients undergoing CABG in a statewide collaborative database (2011-2020) were stratified by severity of IMR. Trends in mitral valve repair or replacement were evaluated. To account for differences of the patients, propensity score–matched analyses were used to compare patients with and without mitral intervention.ResultsA total of 11,676 patients met inclusion criteria, including 1355 (11.6%) with moderate IMR and 390 (3.3%) with severe IMR. The proportion of patients undergoing mitral intervention for moderate IMR decreased over time (2011, 17.7%; 2020, 7.5%; P_trend = .001), whereas mitral replacement for severe IMR remained stable (2011, 11.1%; 2020, 13.3%; P_trend = .14). Major morbidity was higher for patients with moderate IMR who underwent mitral intervention (29.1% vs 19.9%; P = .005). In a propensity analysis of 249 well-matched pairs, there was no difference in major morbidity (29.3% with mitral intervention vs 23.7% without; P = .16) or operative mortality (1.2% vs 2.4%; P = .5).ConclusionsConsistent with recent guideline updates, patients with moderate IMR were less likely to undergo mitral repair. However, the rate of replacement for severe IMR did not change. Mitral intervention during CABG did not increase operative mortality or morbidity.     

改良肌激动器治疗安氏Ⅱ类Ⅰ分类错(牙合)畸形的X线头影测量分析

目的探讨改良肌激动器矫治早期安氏Ⅱ类Ⅰ分类下颌后缩的错[牙合]畸形的临床疗效。方法选择口腔正畸门诊就诊的安氏Ⅱ类Ⅰ分类下颌后缩的错[牙合]患者20例,年龄在10~12岁之间,平均年龄10.6岁。采用改良肌激动器进行功能矫治,用winceph8.0对矫治前后X线头颅侧位片进行定点测量,所得数据应用SPSS23.0软件进行配对t检验。结果矫治后患者面型改善明显,磨牙基本中性关系,前牙覆[牙合]、覆盖基本正常,治疗后角度测量值SNB、ANB、NA-PA和U1-SN变化,差异有显著性(P<0.01),角度测量值SNA、SNMP、L1-MP、L1-NB、FH-Y轴和Z角变化,无显著性(P>0.05),线距测量值L1-NB、UL-EP和LL-EP跟治疗前比,变化无显著性(P>0.05)。结论改良肌激动器能够矫治早期安氏Ⅱ类Ⅰ分类错[牙合]畸形,值得在临床推广使用。     

伴颞下颌关节紊乱病安氏Ⅱ类1分类错患者咀嚼运动中髁突轨迹分析

目的: 探讨伴颞下颌关节紊乱病（temporomandibular disorders,TMD）的安氏Ⅱ类1分类（Ⅱ¹）错患者咀嚼运动中髁突轨迹特征,进一步分析TMD和安氏Ⅱ¹错因素对咀嚼运动中髁突轨迹的影响。方法: 按照实验纳入标准分别收集无TMD的正常组（nTMD-N）10例、无TMD的安氏Ⅱ¹组（nTMD-Ⅱ¹）10例、伴TMD的安氏Ⅱ¹组（TMD-Ⅱ¹）14例患者。采用Cadiax Ⅳ 记录3组实验对象咀嚼运动时的髁突轨迹,利用GDSW软件测量并分析咀嚼运动轨迹的各项数据指标。采用SPSS 26.0软件包对所得结果进行统计学分析。结果: nTMD-Ⅱ¹组和TMD-Ⅱ¹组的咀嚼运动轨迹特征与nTMD-N组相比有所差异。左侧或右侧单侧咀嚼运动时,nTMD-N组、nTMD-Ⅱ¹组和TMD-Ⅱ¹组的各项数据无统计学差异。双侧咀嚼运动时,nTMD-Ⅱ¹组的SCI值显著大于nTMD-N组,nTMD-N组的S值显著大于nTMD-Ⅱ¹组（P<0.05)。结论: 单侧咀嚼运动时,TMD和安氏Ⅱ¹错因素对咀嚼运动轨迹影响较小。安氏Ⅱ¹类错因素对双侧咀嚼运动有影响,Ⅱ¹患者正常咀嚼时髁突整体运动幅度较正常者小。双侧咀嚼运动时,TMD对Ⅱ¹类患者咀嚼运动轨迹无明显影响。     

骨性Ⅲ类与Ⅰ类错患者基骨及牙弓宽度的比较研究

目的：评价骨性Ⅲ类错合与骨性I类个别正常合上下颌第一磨牙区基骨及牙弓宽度差异。方法：选取骨性Ⅲ类错合患者与骨性I类个别正常合样本各30例。测量CBCT数据中上颌骨颧弓点和下颌第一磨牙阻抗中心对应的颊侧骨皮质点间的距离作为基骨宽度；测量模型上下颌第一磨牙中央窝之间的距离作为牙弓宽度。使用SPSS 22.0独立样本t检验。结果：上颌基骨宽度Ⅲ类组（63.96±3.78mm）小于I类组（65.67±2.76mm）；下颌基骨宽度Ⅲ类组（62.26±3.12mm）大于I类组（60.29±3.15mm）；基骨宽度差为Ⅲ类组（2.31±2.41mm）小于I类组（5.38±1.24mm）。差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Ⅲ类组与I类组上下颌牙弓宽度均无组间差异（P>0.05）。结论：骨性Ⅲ类患者存在上下颌基骨横向发育不调及上下颌磨牙的颊舌向代偿。     

合理情绪疗法对骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者术前心理状况的影响

目的探讨合理情绪疗法对骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者术前心理状况的影响。方法将40例骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者随机分为观察组和对照组各20例。对照组给予口腔科术前常规护理,实验组在此基础上应用合理情绪疗法进行心理干预,分为心理诊断阶段、领悟阶段、修通阶段、再教育阶段4个阶段采取相应的干预措施。干预前和干预后即刻采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)进行评估。结果干预后观察组SCL-90改善幅度显著优于对照组,HAMA评分显著低于对照组(均P0.05)。结论合理情绪疗法能够明显改善骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者术前焦虑程度,让患者更积极参与治疗。