I-gel喉罩全麻对介入手术患者机体应激反应的影响

目的使用I—gel喉罩进行介入手术的全身麻醉,研究对手术患者机体应激反应的影响。方法60例介入手术患者,随机分为两组（n=30）,常规气管插管组（E组）,I-gel喉罩组（I组）。麻醉诱导后,分别置入气管插管和I—gel喉罩。于麻醉前（T,）、插管后（T2）、麻醉苏醒后（L）、及术后24h（T4）,各时间点记录循环和呼吸变化,并抽取静脉血标本,用放射免疫法检测血浆皮质醇（Cor）,血管紧张素（AngII）水平变化。结果I组较E组在T2和T3时点的BP和HR明显降低（P〈0．05）,差异有显著性。在T2、T3时,I组患者Cor水平明显低于E组（P〈0．05）,在L时,I组患者Angll水平明显低于E组（P〈0．05）。结论I-gel喉罩全麻能有效地降低机体手术创伤和心理应激反应影响,血液动力学稳定性好,具有安全性和可行性。     

双管喉罩气囊预充气置人法与传统置人法临床效果比较

[目的]比较双管喉罩气囊预充气置入法与传统置入法置入喉罩的临床效果.[方法]选择在全身麻醉下行择期手术患者60例,随机分为A、B两组,每组30例.全身麻醉诱导后置入双管喉罩.喉罩置入前,对A组患者喉罩气囊预充10 mL气体,B组患者喉罩气囊内的气体完全抽空,然后按常规方法将喉罩置入.记录两组患者建立人工通气道所需的时间...     

Airway choices in maxillofacial trauma

Successful management of the patient's airway is central to the safe practice of anaesthesia. Whilst anaesthetists are faced with an ever increasing range of equipment, they must still select appropriate equipment for each patient and be competent in its use.Understanding the advantages and limitations of the available devices in particular situations is an important element of clinical education. Our article focuses on approaches to airway management in cases of maxillofacial trauma and on the equipment available for such cases.After a brief overview of the changing patterns of maxillofacial injury, issues affecting the airway management of the maxillofacial trauma patient are addressed.Differentiating devises in to those that use supraglottic or infraglottic approaches or are blind or under direct vision techniques, we outline the possible uses of a wide range of clinically available devises.Unfamiliarity with equipment and technical options has been associated with poorer clinical outcomes as has inability or lack of preparedness to escalate treatment. Should other more easily applied and less invasive techniques fail, cricothyroidotomy remains the fallback approach.     

LMAsupreme^TM喉罩与气管插管静脉全麻在腹腔镜直肠癌切除手术中的应用

目的：探讨LMAsupreme ^TM喉罩和气管插管静脉全麻两种方法用于腹腔镜直肠癌切除手术时对患者血流动力学、呼吸参数变化及术中术后不良反应发生率的影响,评估LMAsupreme^TM喉罩在腹腔镜直肠癌切除术中应用的安全性及优越性。方法：选择腹腔镜直肠癌切除手术患者40例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,随机分成2组,即LMAsupreme^TM喉罩组（s组）和气管插管组（T组）,每组20例。麻醉诱导后分别插入LMAsupreme^TM喉罩和气管插管,记录并比较两组在麻醉诱导前、喉罩和气管导管插入前即刻及插入后即刻、1min和5min时收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）。记录建立二氧化碳（CO2）气腹前、后和体位改变后气道平台压（Pplat）、气道峰压（Ppeak）;观察手术过程中返流误吸、术后声嘶、咽痛、呛咳不良反应。结果：与T组比较,S组血流动力学平稳（P〈0．05）,呼吸参数稳定变化小（P〈0．05）,术中发生返流误吸无统计学差异,术后声嘶、咽痛、呛咳显著减少（P〈0．05）。结论：LMAsupremeTM喉罩在腹腔镜直肠癌切除术中应用能达到与气管导管同样的通气效果,对麻醉过程中血流动力学、呼吸参数影响更小,术中术后不良反应显著减少,且操作简单、易学,与气管插管方法相比在临床应用有更好的安全性及优越性。     

Comparative study between Air-Q and Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway when used as conduit for fiber-optic

This study compared Air-Q and Intubating LMA when used as a conduit for endotracheal intubation.MethodsOne hundred patients scheduled for surgical operations under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into two equal groups (n = 50). Group I: Air-Q and group II: Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway (ILMA) in both groups intubation was done by Fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) through study device. After induction of anesthesia, patients were ventilated with Air-Q or ILMA. Then, endotracheal tube (ETT) was inserted through study device. Recorded measurements were as follows: number of attempts and duration of insertion of device, peak airway pressure and fiberoptic grading of laryngeal view. Also, we recorded number of attempts and duration of insertion of ETT and the incidence of blood stain on device and sore throat grading.ResultsDuration of insertion of Air-Q was 13.300 ± 3.471 s, whilst that of ILMA was 19.640 ± 4.737 s (p < 0.001). In group I, peak airway pressure was 26.400 ± 2.176 cmH₂O, whilst, in group II, it was 25.260 ± 1.468 cmH₂O (p < 0.01). Full view of vocal cords amounted to 78% and 26% of Groups I and II patients, respectively (p < 0.001). Time of insertion of ETT was 33.5 ± 6.795 s in group I, whilst in group II, it was 39.5 ± 6.566 s (p < 0.001). Blood stain was found on supraglottic device in 46% and 22% of cases in Groups I and II, respectively (p < 0.01).ConclusionAir-Q proved to be an excellent conduit for endotracheal intubation compared to the ILMA.     

两种喉罩定位方法在鼻内窥镜手术中的应用

目的 观察听诊和纤维支气管镜评分两种喉罩定位方法在鼻内窥镜手术中的应用.方法 将60例使用喉罩通气全麻的成年患者随机分为2组,分别通过听诊法(L组)和纤维支气管镜评分法(F组)评估喉罩位置,记录置人情况和纤维支气管镜评分,潮气量(Vt)、呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2)、气道峰压(Peak)和最大漏气压.结果 听诊法和纤维支气管镜评分法判断喉罩对位后,两组患者最大漏气压、Vt、PErCO2、Peak差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).L组喉罩一次到位成功25例,明显高于F组(15例,P＜0.05).两组患者喉罩对位后纤支镜评分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),L组有15例患者纤支镜评分为2分,F组所有患者评分均在3分以上.结论 采用听诊法和纤维支气管镜评分定位法判断喉罩对位都可以满足临床通气需要.听诊法简单可靠,即使纤支镜评分2分,也可达到良好的通气和密闭效果,满足手术需要.     

Successful Tracheal Intubation through an Intubating Laryngeal Airway in Pediatric Patients with Airway Hemorrhage

Background

This case report describes the use of the air-Q intubating laryngeal airway (air-Q ILA; Cookgas LLC, St. Louis, MO) for airway rescue and a conduit for blind tracheal intubation in two pediatric patients with failed rapid sequence intubation and difficult airways secondary to airway bleeding in the emergency department (ED).

Objectives

To describe the use of a new supraglottic rescue device in the management of the pediatric patient’s difficult airway in the emergency setting.

Case Report

Case 1 was a 5-year-old boy who presented to the ED for bleeding one day after his tonsillectomy. After a rapid sequence intubation, direct laryngoscopy was difficult, with copious bleeding in the oropharynx and inability to visualize the glottis. After two failed direct laryngoscopic attempts to intubate, a size-2 air-Q ILA was inserted. A cuffed 5.0-mm inner diameter (ID) endotracheal tube (ETT) was blindly inserted through the lumen of the air-Q ILA into the trachea successfully. Case 2 was a 13-year-old boy who presented to the ED with a large nasopharyngeal laceration from a motor vehicle accident. After a rapid sequence intubation, direct laryngoscopy showed copious blood with no glottic visualization. A size 3 Laryngeal Mask Airway Classic™ (cLMA; LMA North America Inc., San Diego, CA) was inserted with a large airway leak, and blind ETT insertion via the cLMA was unsuccessful. Subsequently, a size-2.5 air-Q ILA was inserted and adequate ventilation was restored. A cuffed 6.0-mm ID ETT was blindly inserted through the air-Q ILA into the trachea successfully.

Conclusion

Two cases of failed laryngoscopy in pediatric patients with blood in the airway are described. In each case, insertion of an air-Q ILA was followed by successful blind tracheal intubation via the lumen of the air-Q ILA.     

Monoliths with chiral surface functionalization for enantioselective capillary electrochromatography

The state-of-the-art in CEC enantiomer separations with monolithic capillary columns is comprehensively reviewed. The various types of monolithic columns comprising in situ organic polymer monoliths, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) monoliths, silica monoliths and monoliths made from particles are discussed with a focus on materials’ synthesis, chemistry and properties as well as column aspects. Monolithic MIP-type porous layer open-tubular (PLOT) columns are treated herein as well. From this survey of the literature, the authors come to the conclusion that monolithic silica capillaries appear to become the preferred column type for CEC enantiomer separations of low-molecular drugs and other chiral pharmaceuticals or chemicals.     

脑电双频指数指导下全麻白内障儿童拔出喉罩时机的研究

目的研究在脑电双频指数(BIS)指导下,对七氟醚麻醉的儿童拔出喉罩的时机进行研究。方法 45例ASAⅠ级、年龄4～6岁、拟在全身麻醉下行择期手术的患儿,随机分为3组,每组15例。七氟醚诱导成功后置入喉罩,术中采用七氟醚和O2维持麻醉。手术结束后停止吸入七氟醚,Ⅰ组在BIS值65～60时拔出喉罩,Ⅱ组在BIS值60～55时拔出喉罩,Ⅲ组在BIS值55～50时拔出喉罩,拔出喉罩同时记录呼气末七氟醚浓度。拔出喉罩时或拔出后1min内患儿出现咳嗽、牙齿咬紧致拔管困难、有目的性的肢体运动、屏气、喉痉挛、低氧血症(SpO2<95%)都认为拔出喉罩不满意;无上述现象则视为拔出喉罩满意。结果 3组满意度分别为40%(6/15)、80%(12/15)、20%(3/15);拔出喉罩时,七氟醚浓度分别为(1.03±0.11)%、(1.31±0.12)%、(1.51±0.14)%;Ⅱ组患儿的拔出喉罩情况更能满足实际需要。结论在BIS55～60之间可以减少拔出喉罩过程中潜在的并发症,提高麻醉安全。