泡沫分离技术的研究——Ⅰ.脱除废水中的表面活性剂

采用泡沫分离技术,研究了从洗涤剂工厂废水中脱除直链十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)的过程。采用流动法测定了LAS-H_2O系统中LAS的临界胶束浓度和LAS-H_2O-NaCl系统的表面过剩浓度。以旋转圆盘作为消泡器,探讨了提馏操作型泡沫塔中各种操作参数(如进料浓度、气液比、逆流泡沫段高度、添加剂NaCl等)对分离效果的影响,获得了该系统的适宜操作条件、泡沫排液模型的数学表达式、传质单元高度以及消泡过程中衡量消泡效果的“冷凝因子”与圆盘转速之间的关系。结果表明:该技术具有分离因子大、耗能少、简单易行等优点,可望有效地脱除废水中的表面活性剂。     

Differences in Hepatic Microsomal Cytochrome P-450 Isoenzyme Induction by Pyrazole, Chronic Ethanol, 3-Methylcholanthrene, and Phenobarbital in High Alcohol Sensitivity (HAS) and Low Alcohol Sensitivity (LAS) Rats

High and low alcohol sensitivity (HAS and LAS) rats have been selected for their differences in ethanol-induced sleep time. Liver monooxygenase activities were studied in HAS and LAS rats before and after treatments with known inducers such as chronic ethanol, pyrazole, 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) and phenobarbital (PB) to determine whether the selection procedure also selected for differences in the cytochrome P-450 (P-450) inducibility. This previously has been shown with long sleep (LS) and short sleep (SS) mice, which were selected using a similar criterion. 3-MC and PB, in conjunction with chronic ethanol treatment, were used in order to evaluate the interactions of ethanol with these inducers. Prior to treatment, total P-450 content was slightly lower in LAS than in HAS rats. However, both lines displayed the same microsomal monooxygenase activities related to different P-450 isozymes. This was demonstrated by ethoxyresorufin deethylation (EROD) for cytochrome P-450 1A1 (CYP1A1), acetanilide hydroxylation (ACET) for CYP1A2, pentoxyresorufin dealkylation (PROD) for CYP2B, 1-butanol oxidation (BUTAN) and N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylation (NDMA) for CYP2E1. After the different treatments, HAS rats did not differ from LAS rats in their CYP2E1 inducibility. However, pyrazole, PB and 3-MC treatment led to differences in CYP1A and CYP2B monooxygenase activities between the two lines. The enhancement of PROD by pyrazole treatment was less prominent in LAS (1.7-fold of the control value) than in HAS rats (3.8-fold).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)