丹参改善骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤的超微结构观察

目的:通过透射电镜观察骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤过程的病理生理变化探讨丹参的干预作用及机制。方法:采用90只清洁级雄性SD大鼠,6只作为健康对照组,84只行左侧提睾肌主滋养动脉夹闭造模,在缺血2.5 h时,丹参组腹腔注射丹参(42只),对照组注射等剂量的生理盐水(42只),两组分别设缺血再灌注10、20、30、40、50、60、90 min观测点(每个观测点6只)。观测结束后,迅速切取提睾肌,放入电镜固定液。电镜下进行组织形态学观察。结果:健康对照组正常情况下,组成肌原纤维的粗、细2种肌丝沿其长轴排列,每条肌原纤维上均可见明暗相间的带,肌浆内见有较多糖原颗粒及少量内质网、线粒体等细胞器,肌浆网纵向分布于肌原纤维周围,线粒体膜及嵴清晰可见,基质着色深,无肿胀、空泡形成等改变,在肌丝之间分布有较多糖原颗粒;骨骼肌缺血再灌注后10、20、30、40、50、60、90 min的2组各观测点,其病理变化较相似,肌丝模糊、凌乱,部分溶解、消失,甚至完全消失,肌浆网不同程度扩张,线粒体变大变圆,基质变淡,嵴变短变少甚至消失,部分线粒体极度肿胀,呈空泡状。丹参组,其病理变化大体相似,肌纤维均有不同程度恢复。结论:骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤导致线粒体极度肿胀,肌纤维紊乱。丹参能有效地消除线粒体的水肿,恢复肌纤维,减轻骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤。     

Cytologic features of papillary-cystic variant of acinic-cell adenocarcinoma: A case report

A case of papillary-cystic variant of acinic-cell adenocarcinoma is described. The cytologic findings differed significantly from the classic features of this tumor with smears showing large monolayer sheets and small papillary groups, no acinic structures or naked tumor cell nuclei, sparse cell dissociation and many vacuolated cells. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

复方保元煎对老龄雌性小鼠阴道、子宫及性激素的影响

目的探讨复方保元煎对老龄雌性小鼠阴道、子宫及生殖激素变化的影响。方法选择15个月龄老龄雌性小鼠90只,体重(49±1.3)g,将其随机分为复方保元煎高剂量组30只,复方保元煎低剂量组30只,空白对照组30只,各组给药3个月,麻醉后颈动脉取血分离血清,测血清促黄体生成素(LH)、孕酮(P)、雌二醇(E2)、血促卵泡激素(FSH),处死后剥离阴道及子宫称重,HE染色观察子宫组织形态学变化。结果复方保元煎高剂量组和低剂量组用药后老龄雌性小鼠阴道和子宫重量显著提高,均明显优于空白对照组(P<0.01),复方保元煎高剂量组和低剂量组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。复方保元煎高剂量组和低剂量组均能明显延缓甚至逆转小鼠子宫萎缩状况。复方保元煎高剂量组和低剂量组用药后老龄雌性小鼠血清E2、LH、P、FSH含量比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01),用药后与空白对照组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01),复方保元煎高剂量组与低剂量组用药前后比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论复方保元煎能有效调节衰老小鼠的激素水平,延缓和逆转小鼠生殖系统退化,为开发治疗绝经后冠心病天然雌激素新药提供了可借鉴的实验依据。     

Human pineal gland: Histomorphological study in different age groups and different causes of death

IntroductionIn human, the age dependent changes in the micro-anatomy and histology of different organs are most prevalent along with causes of death. As pineal is a neuro-endocrine gland and is target of various hormones of physiological importance hence, the effect of age and different unnatural causes of death may affect its histology. This aspect of histomorphology has never been studied previously. Therefore, aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in morphology and histology of human pineal gland in different age groups in relation to different causes of death.MethodsWe collected human samples from young (5–20 yrs), middle aged (21–55 yrs) and old aged (56–95 yrs) individuals under different causes of death like septicemia (S), poisoning (P), hanging (H), burning (B), injury (I) and other reasons which are regarded as control (C) and were processed for morphometric and histological observations.ResultsAnatomically significant decrease in pineal weight, length, breadth was noted in an age dependent manner. Histological observations suggest a significant increase in numbers as well as size in pineal concretions with increasing age. Further, huge degeneration of pinealocytes and neuronal glial cells was observed upon poisoning and burning cases in comparison to control. But in case of hanging, septicemia and injury there was no significant difference in comparison to control.DiscussionIt may be concluded that not only the age but also the different causes of death may severely affect the basic micro-architecture of human pineal gland.     

Histological observations on the anterior olfactory nucleus in human

Aim: Localization of isolated clusters of anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) in a human olfactory bulb and tract. Materials and methods: This investigation was done on human olfactory bulbs and their tracts, collected from the freshly donated cadavers, before embalming, in the Department of Anatomy, IPGMER, Kolkata. H&E stained histological slides were prepared along the whole length of specimens and examined under a Leica DM 2000 microscope and with a Leica Quin image analyzer. Results: The anterior olfactory nucleus was detected in the form of a major cluster and in two smaller clusters of neurons. The major cluster was located at the caudal pole of the bulb and was composed of medium-sized triangular cells which had an average diameter of 13.92 ± 3.43 μm. Out of the two minor clusters, one was detected at the beginning and another at the middle of the olfactory tract. Here neurons were little larger in size and their diameter ranged approximately 15–17 μm. Olfactory striae also accommodated some neurons in a scattered manner. Conclusion: This observation will be helpful in exploration of the complex role of AON in the organization and function of the olfactory system and its clinical significance in human.     

血必净对脓毒症大鼠心肌保护作用的研究

目的观察血必净注射液对脓毒症大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用。方法将30只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组（Sham组）、脓毒症模型组（CLP组）及血必净治疗组（XBJ组），每组10只。Sham组只开腹关腹，余同CLP组；CLP组采用盲肠结扎穿孔法造模；XBJ组造模后立即经腹腔注射血必净注射液8ml／kg。观察24h后检测血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（TnI）、脑钠肽（BNP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、自细胞介素（IL）-1B，留取左心室心肌组织观察超微结构的改变。结果①脓毒症状态下TnⅠ、BNP、TNF-α、IL-1β水平显著升高，应用血必净注射液后各项指标明显改善。②血必净组心肌组织超微结构的损害较脓毒症组明显减轻。结论血必净注射液能改善脓毒症大鼠的心肌损伤，其机制可能与下调TNF-α、IL-1β水平有关。     

外周原始神经外胚层肿瘤15例临床病理分析

目的探讨外周原始神经外胚层肿瘤(PNET)的临床表现、病理、免疫组织化学特点及预后。方法对15例外周原始神经外胚层肿瘤进行病理组织形态学免疫组化表型及预后研究。结果患者以男性为主,男女之比为6.5∶1,年龄6~35岁,中位数为16岁。发生部位:多为直肠、腹膜后、腹股沟、淋巴结、胸壁、鼻腔及骨组织等;免疫组化:肿瘤均弥漫表达CD 99,并不同程度地表达NSE、SYN、CgA等,但对CK、Desmin、LCA等不表达。随访时间为3~24个月。结论PNET是一种多发生在年轻男性、进展迅速、预后非常差的恶性小圆细胞肿瘤,认识其临床病理特点及免疫组化表型对于该恶性肿瘤的诊断及临床治疗意义重大。     

复方三七成分对恒河猴子宫内膜炎症超微结构的影响

目的探讨复方三七成分对恒河猴子宫内膜炎症所致异常出血，子宫内膜超微结构的影响。方法建立恒河猴（Rhesus猴）子宫内膜炎动物模型，治疗组以复方三七成分灌胃治疗，模型组及空白对照组给予等量生理盐水，3个疗程后，在预测下一次月经来潮前1d切取3组猴的子宫内膜，固定后置电镜下观察。结果电镜下空白组见子宫内膜为正常分泌晚期图像；模型组间质内可见大量炎性细胞浸润，螺旋动脉扩张，内皮细胞线粒体广泛空泡样变；治疗组间质细胞有少量炎性细胞，螺旋动脉部分内皮细胞线粒体有空泡样变。结论复方三七成分可以促进螺旋动脉内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞的修复从而达到止血的作用。     

Hypoxic changes in Purkinje cells of the human cerebellum

The significance of both Purkinje cell numbers and various neuronal changes for the diagnosis and timing of hypoxic-induced brain lesions was investigated in tissue samples from the cerebellar cortex of 52 individuals with a history of acute or prolonged cerebral hypoxia/ischemia before death. Furthermore, the area of the Purkinje cell somata (PC size) was measured using an automatic image processing and analysis system (LEICA QWin). Significantly reduced numbers of Purkinje cells (<6 cells/unit length of 1 mm) and a decreased portion (<50%) of intact Purkinje cells could be detected in individuals with a period of resuscitation of at least 2 h after acute circulatory arrest. Average cell numbers of less than 4 cells/unit were found in individuals who suffered from diffuse brain swelling and were ventilated for at least 3 days, as well as in individuals who died of brain death. Moreover, the Purkinje cells in these cases exhibited shrunken somata compared to the controls. Specimens that were stored at room temperature up to 30 h after removal at autopsy showed no significant autolytic changes of the Purkinje cells. After 46 h, however, reduced Purkinje cell numbers and shrunken cell bodies were found.