灵菊七提取物对糖尿病大鼠治疗作用的实验研究

目的 观察灵菊七提取物对糖尿病大鼠的治疗作用。方法 给大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素，造成糖尿病动物模型，观察不同剂量的灵菊七提取物对正常和糖尿病大鼠体重、血糖、血脂的影响及肾保护作用。结果 灵菊七提取物可显著增加糖尿病大鼠体重，降低血糖，治疗效果优于阳性药物对照组；无明显降血清胆固醇（TC）作用，高剂量组可显著降低甘油三酯（TG）；显著降低糖尿病大鼠Cr、BUN。结论 灵菊七提取物对糖尿病大鼠具一定治疗作用。     

菊叶三七生物碱成分的研究

从菊科蒂叶三七植物中分离出六个生物碱,对其中四个进行了鉴定。光谱数据证明:生物碱Ⅰ和Ⅱ分别为已知的千里光碱(senecionine,Ⅰ)和千里光菲灵碱(seneciphylline,Ⅱ),生物碱Ⅲ和Ⅳ为新成分,分别命名为菊三七碱甲(sineciphyllinine,Ⅲ)和菊三七碱乙[(E)-seneciphylline,Ⅳ]。     

Effects of extracts from Gynura bicolor (Roxb. & Willd.) DC. on iron bioavailability in rats

Gynura bicolor (Roxb. & Willd.) DC. is widely distributed in certain areas of Asia and is very popular in vegetarian cuisine in Taiwan. This study investigates the effects of G. bicolor extracts with different polarities of 80 mg/kg body weight (BW) G. bicolor alcohol extract, 80 mg/kg BW G. bicolor water extract, and 80 mg/kg BW G. bicolor ether extract on Fe bioavailability using the hemoglobin repletion efficiency assay. Wistar rats were assigned to five groups: a group receiving an iron-deficient (ID) diet; a group receiving an ID diet supplemented with ferrous sulfate (20 mg Fe/kg BW); and three groups receiving ID diets supplemented with ferrous sulfate and one of G. bicolor alcohol extract, G. bicolor water extract, or G. bicolor water extract. The results indicated that the levels of hemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin, liver ferritin, hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, relative biological value, and hepcidin all were significantly higher than those of the ID diet group. Besides, the iron transporter divalent metal transporter-1 was significantly reduced, but iron release protein expression of ferroportin was significantly increased. It was concluded that G. bicolor extracts may promote iron bioavailability and regulate the expressions of divalent metal transporter-1 and ferroportin.     

Intraspecific nucleotide variation at the pheromone binding protein locus in the turnip moth, Agrotis segetum

Inter- and intraspecific amino acid variability in the pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) of the Lepidoptera is believed to contribute to a molecular mechanism of pheromone blend discrimination. Messenger RNA coding for PBP sequence in Agrotis segetum (Noctuidae) was cloned, and nucleotide and inferred amino acid variation across a 769-bp region of a PBP locus was studied in two populations. A single gene copy was fully sequenced, revealing an intron/exon structure conserved with distant saturniids. While several nucleotide substitutions are predicted to result in amino acid replacement, tests for the presence of natural selection suggest that the observed variation is neutral. A phylogenetic analysis provides evidence that the two populations are in the process of genetic isolation.     

Gynura root induces hepatic veno-occlusive disease： A case report and review of the literature

Gynura root has been used extensively in Chinese folk medicine and plays a role in promoting microcirculation and relieving pain.However,its hepatic toxicity should not be neglected.Recently,we admitted a 62-year old female who developed hepatic veno-occlusive disease(HVOD)after ingestion of Gynura root.Only a few articles on HVOD induced by Gynura root have been reported in the literature.It is suspected that pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Gynura root might be responsible for HVOD.In this paper,we report a case of HVOD and review the literature.     

土三七致肝小静脉闭塞大鼠模型中血液系统毒性和血管内皮分泌功能的观察研究

目的 观察土三七在建立的肝小静脉闭塞(HVOD)大鼠模型中对血液系统毒性和血管内皮分泌功能的影响,为临床治疗土山七所致的HVOD提供依据和思路.方法 取60只SD大鼠,雌雄各半,分成5组,设空白对照组(蒸馏水20 ml/kg),土三七低剂量组(5 g/kg)、中剂量组(10 g/kg)、高剂量组(20 g/kg)和三七对照组(10 g/kg),连续给药4周.观察土三七对大鼠血细胞分类、凝血功能、血管内皮分泌功能及脾脏组织病理的影响.组间比较采用方差分析(One-WayANOVA).结果 给药4周后,土三七各组大鼠体质量降低;白细胞数、中性粒细胞数、淋巴细胞数、单核细胞数和嗜酸粒细胞数均显著升高;血小板数和血小板压积显著降低,平均血小板体积和血小板分布宽度均显著升高;血液凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血酶原时间、凝血酶时间、凝血酶原比值、凝血酶原国际标准化比值和纤维蛋白原时间均明显升高,血小板压积、纤维蛋白原和血小板聚集率显著降低;内皮素和一氧化氮水平均显著升高;与空白对照组比较,均P＜0.01或P＜0.05.脾脏中脾小结明显减少,未见生发中心,大量淋巴细胞弥漫分布,红髓血窦减少. 结论 土三七对正常大鼠血液系统有一定毒性作用,能降低血小板和血小板压积,抑制血液凝血时间和血小板聚集作用,提高血管内皮分泌功能,减少脾脏中脾小结和生发中心.目前临床治疗土山七所致HVOD的观点,中药以活血化瘀、西药以抗凝抗血小板聚集为主的治疗方案是否妥当值得商榷.     

Antioxidant Potential of Gynura procumbens

Abstract

The leaves of Gynura procumbens (Merr.) Compositae, commonly called “sambung nyawa” in Malaysia, are often eaten raw with rice. The methanol extract was prepared from the dried leaves using a Soxhlet apparatus. The methanol extract was then fractionated into chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions using a separating funnel. In the current study, the antioxidant potency of G. procumbens extract and fractions were investigated, employing various established in vitro systems, such as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, β -carotene–linoleic acid model system, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, reducing power, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Based on the results obtained, the extract and fractions showed different antioxidant potential. Among the fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction displayed higher antioxidant properties. The contents of the potential antioxidant component of the extract and fractions were also determined using HPTLC densitometric and spectrophotometric (using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent) methods. HPTLC study revealed that the methanol extract and the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions contain 0.74% and 2.9%, 7.76% and 12.75%, and 4.52% and 0.33% of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and astragalin, respectively. The total phenolic content of the extract and fractions varied from 4.37% to 23.43% of dry weight, expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). With further data analysis, it was found there was a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between the total phenolic content of the sample and its DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.891 and 0.926, respectively. These results suggest that phenolics in these plants provide substantial antioxidant activity.     

土三七致肝小静脉闭塞病1例报告及文献复习

【】 目的 了解土三七导致肝小静脉闭塞病的临床特征,以加强对该病的认识。方法 回顾分析1例因服用土三七致肝小静脉闭塞病的临床及影像学表现,并进行文献复习。结果 该患者临床表现主要为腹水、右上腹胀痛、肝脏增大,并伴不同程度肝功能异常。腹部增强CT扫描：肝实质内不均匀强化,呈高低密度相间的斑片状,腔静脉肝段变扁,肝静脉显示不清。发病前1个月服用土三七病史。结合患者症状、体征以及腹部CT,可诊断为肝小静脉闭塞病。停用土三七并给予抗凝、改善循环等治疗后病情逐渐缓解。结论 长期大量服用土三七可致肝小静脉闭塞病。腹部增强CT扫描典型特征基本可对肝小静脉闭塞病行临床诊断。抗凝、改善循环治疗有一定疗效。     

紫背菜提取物降血糖作用的实验研究

目的:考察不同剂量的紫背菜提取物对2型糖尿病模型大鼠的治疗作用。方法:SPF级雄性SD大鼠高糖高脂喂养合并小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导制备2型糖尿病模型,分组灌胃给予紫背菜提取物及阳性对照药物,连续21天。给药结束后取材并检测血糖(BG)、血脂(甘油三酯TC、总胆固醇TG)、血清胰岛素(Ins)、口服糖耐量(OGTT)等指标,考察紫背菜提取物对各项指标的影响。结果:紫背菜提取物可显著降低2型糖尿病模型大鼠血糖,改善其脂代谢紊乱和高胰岛素血症。结论:紫背菜提取物对2型糖尿病大鼠具有较好的防治作用,其降血糖机制可能与改善胰岛素抵抗和脂代谢紊乱有关。     

平卧菊三七的化学成分研究(Ⅰ)

目的研究平卧菊三七Gynura procumbens全草的化学成分。方法利用反复硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、中压柱色谱及半制备高效液相色谱等方法分离纯化,通过NMR、MS等鉴定化合物结构。结果从平卧菊三七全草的70%乙醇提取物中分离得到16个化合物,分别鉴定为槲皮素(1)、芹菜素(2)、木犀草素(3)、山柰酚(4)、黄芪苷(5)、山柰酚-5-O-(6″-O-乙酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、7-甲醚黄芩素(7)、4-甲氧基肉桂酸(8)、苄基葡萄糖苷(9)、2-苯乙基-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)、3,5-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸甲酯(11)、3,5-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸乙酯(12)、3,4-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸甲酯(13)、4,5-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸甲酯(14)、原儿茶酸(15)和丁香酚苷(16)。结论化合物7、8、12、14和16为首次从菊三七属植物中分离得到,化合物3、6、9~11和13为首次从该植物中分离得到。