冠状动脉瘘的诊治及新进展

冠状动脉瘘是一种罕见的冠状动脉畸形,绝大多数属于先天性畸形,极少数可由后天因素引起。由于冠状动脉血流向有关心腔、血管异常分流,导致引流部位负荷加重、瘘远端心肌缺血而引起相应临床症状。目前,绝大多数冠状动脉瘘已能由超声心动图明确诊断并可经内科介入技术或外科手术治愈。     

Gastrogastric fistula: a possible complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

BACKGROUND: Gastrogastric fistula is a communication between the proximal gastric pouch and the distal gastric remnant, rarely described in the realm of bariatric procedures. The aim of this study was to review the existing literature about this topic and to demonstrate its laparoscopic treatment. METHODS: An extensive literature review found several articles reporting this complication. However, no citation was found describing the steps of the laparoscopic management of this situation. RESULTS: Gastrogastric fistula occurs in up to 6% of Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses. Two theories exist for fistula formation: (1) it is a technical complication derived from the incomplete division of the stomach during the creation of the pouch, and (2) it occurs after a staple-line failure, developing a leak with an abscess, which then drains into the distal stomach forming the fistula. Early symptoms include fever, tachycardia, and abdominal pain. Failure in weight loss is a late clinical sign observed in these patients. Diagnosis is based on radiologic study, upper endoscopy and computed tomography. When identified in the acute postoperative course, laparoscopic treatment is easy. Chronic fistulas are difficult to manage, and the laparoscopic approach is an alternative to open surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Gastrogastric fistula is a possible complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and its laparoscopic treatment is feasible.     

"分段切开,多重挂线术"治疗高位复杂性肛瘘临床研究

目的:观察"分段切开,多重挂线术"治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的临床疗效。方法:将60例高位复杂性肛瘘随机分为治疗组40例,采用"分段切开,多重挂线术";对照组20例,采用传统切开挂线术进行对比观察。结果:显示治疗组与对照组显愈率分别为95%和90%,无明显差异(P>0.05),但两组间的术后疼痛程度、创口愈合时间、肛门功能情况存在显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:在治疗高位复杂性肛瘘时,"分段切开,多重挂线术"与传统切开挂线术相比,具有手术操作简单,对组织损伤小,痛苦小、疗程短、肛门功能保护好等优点,该术式的应用,使得高位复杂性肛瘘治疗更加安全、有效。     

腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌低位前切除术后吻合口瘘发生率的比较

目的探讨腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌低位前切除术后吻合口瘘发生率的差异。方法2000年9月至2005年12月由同一组医师连续对距肛缘5～8cm的直肠癌患者实施腹腔镜下根治术(LP术组)53例及传统开腹根治术135例,比较两组和两组内患者造口与未造口者发生吻合口瘘的差异。结果LP术组造口与未造口者吻合口瘘的发生率分别为4.6%(1/22)与6.5%(2/31),χ~2=0.088,P>0.05;差异无统计学意义。OP术组造口与未造口者吻合口瘘的发生率分别为2.3% (1/43)与8.7%(8/92),χ~2=1.024,P>0.05;差异无统计学意义。LP术组与OP术组行造口的患者吻合口瘘发生率比较,P=0.455,差异无统计学意义;LP术组与OP术组未行造口者的吻合口瘘发生率比较,P=0.288,差异也无统计学意义。结论腹腔镜行直肠癌低位前切除术与开腹手术相比,不会增加吻合口痿的发生率。     

Treatment of a malignant esophageal fistula with a Gore-Tex-covered flexible nitinol stent

In order to treat fistulated esophageal cancer using a flexible stent, a covered flexible stent was constructed by wrapping a nitinol stent with a thin sheet of Gore-Tex, preserving the stents original advantages of flexibility and a low-profile introducer system. This stent was used to perform standard radiotherapy in a case of fistulated esophageal cancer.     

自体动静脉内瘘血栓形成的影响因素

目的：了解动静脉内瘘血栓形成的原因，提出防治措施。方法：81例维持性血液透析患有15例内瘘发生血栓形成。分析病因、性别、年龄、血压、血脂对血栓形成的影响。结果：在内瘘使用的早期(三年内)易发生血栓，内瘘血栓发生率为18．52％。老年、男性、糖尿病、血压低、血脂高的患内瘘易发生血栓．结论：定时监测血管通路，适量使用促红索，缓慢提高血红蛋白，恰当地应用抗凝治疗；减慢透析超滤速度，防止透后低血压；采取阶梯式穿刺法，透析后采取点状压迫，防止力量过大，压迫时问过长和对患及家属进行保护内瘘的宣教均是预防内瘘发生血栓的重要措施。     

蘑菇状覆膜内支架的设计和在食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘中的应用

目的 设计封堵食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘的覆膜内支架。方法 根据食管胃吻合口区的特殊解剖结构和吻合口胸腔瘘的病变特点，设计蘑菇状覆膜内支架。透视下，5例吻合口巨大胸腔瘘患者置入6枚蘑菇状覆膜内支架。结果 蘑菇状覆膜内支架能有效封堵食管胃吻合口巨大胸腔瘘，解决了进食问题，改善了营养状况。结论 蘑菇状覆膜内支架结构设计合理，操作简单、安全，近期疗效明显，是一项值得推广的新技术。     

Plastic surgical treatment of a chronic thoracic duct fistula using a sternocleidomastoid muscle flap — a case report

Thoracic duct fistula is a rare but potentially serious complication of head and neck surgery. Such fistulae may be difficult to treat, and several techniques, both operative and non-operative, have been advocated. A case of successful surgical treatment of a chronic thoracic duct fistula is presented. The fistula occurred in a 51-year-old female following treatment of a solitary supraclavicular breast metastasis by local excision and radiotherapy. The divided duct was ligated and the area was covered with the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.     

早期腭裂修复术后瘘的发生率研究

目的 探讨婴儿期腭裂手术后瘘发生的规律。方法 对1995年7月～2001年9月期间施行的2～12个月龄的531例腭裂修复术后瘘发生率进行回顾性分析。结果 全组腭裂术后瘘发生率为4.9%，双侧完全性腭裂术后瘘发生率（7.8%），明显高于不完全性腭裂（4.4%），单侧完全性腭裂（4.3%,P＜0.01），后两组之间无显著性差别（P＞0.05）；术后瘘发生率与年龄，及本组所采用的不同术式无关（P＞0.05）；其中硬腭部瘘占完全性腭裂术后瘘率70%，较其它部位差异有非常显著性意义（P＜0.01）。结论 婴儿期腭裂手术并不会增加瘘发生率，对于双侧完全性腭裂，推荐做术前正畸治疗。