全文获取类型
收费全文 | 85155篇 |
免费 | 6478篇 |
国内免费 | 2069篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 505篇 |
儿科学 | 2435篇 |
妇产科学 | 1566篇 |
基础医学 | 12638篇 |
口腔科学 | 1751篇 |
临床医学 | 5114篇 |
内科学 | 14135篇 |
皮肤病学 | 1611篇 |
神经病学 | 7844篇 |
特种医学 | 2579篇 |
外国民族医学 | 8篇 |
外科学 | 9574篇 |
综合类 | 6865篇 |
现状与发展 | 5篇 |
预防医学 | 4505篇 |
眼科学 | 933篇 |
药学 | 13024篇 |
32篇 | |
中国医学 | 2415篇 |
肿瘤学 | 6163篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1409篇 |
2022年 | 1838篇 |
2021年 | 3234篇 |
2020年 | 2909篇 |
2019年 | 4292篇 |
2018年 | 4046篇 |
2017年 | 3114篇 |
2016年 | 2407篇 |
2015年 | 2636篇 |
2014年 | 4224篇 |
2013年 | 4719篇 |
2012年 | 3539篇 |
2011年 | 4130篇 |
2010年 | 3442篇 |
2009年 | 3445篇 |
2008年 | 3383篇 |
2007年 | 3095篇 |
2006年 | 2876篇 |
2005年 | 2381篇 |
2004年 | 2256篇 |
2003年 | 2093篇 |
2002年 | 1524篇 |
2001年 | 1260篇 |
2000年 | 1295篇 |
1999年 | 1083篇 |
1998年 | 924篇 |
1997年 | 840篇 |
1996年 | 714篇 |
1995年 | 709篇 |
1994年 | 625篇 |
1993年 | 555篇 |
1992年 | 525篇 |
1991年 | 488篇 |
1990年 | 411篇 |
1989年 | 391篇 |
1988年 | 332篇 |
1987年 | 314篇 |
1985年 | 1458篇 |
1984年 | 2334篇 |
1983年 | 1458篇 |
1982年 | 1656篇 |
1981年 | 1562篇 |
1980年 | 1307篇 |
1979年 | 1178篇 |
1978年 | 1051篇 |
1977年 | 854篇 |
1976年 | 946篇 |
1975年 | 678篇 |
1974年 | 596篇 |
1973年 | 626篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《Research in social & administrative pharmacy》2022,18(9):3694-3698
In this paper, we argue that understanding and addressing the problem of poor-quality medical products requires a more interdisciplinary approach than has been evident to date. While prospective studies based on rigorous standardized methodologies are the gold standard for measuring the prevalence of poor-quality medical products and understanding their distribution nationally and internationally, they should be complemented by social science research to unpack the complex set of social, economic, and governance factors that underlie these patterns. In the following sections, we discuss specific examples of prospective quality surveys and of social science studies, highlighting the value of cross-sector partnerships in driving high-quality, policy-relevant research in this area. 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
《Value in health》2022,25(6):1018-1029
ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and subsequent cost-effectiveness estimates based on the more physical health–focused EQ-5D 5-level version (EQ-5D-5L) value set for England or cross-walked EQ-5D 3-level version UK value set scores or more mental health recovery-focused Recovering Quality of Life Utility Index (ReQoL-UI), when using alternative within-trial statistical methods. We describe possible reasons for the different QALY estimates based on the interaction between item scores, health state profiles, preference-based scores, and mathematical and statistical methods chosen.MethodsQALYs are calculated over 8 weeks from a case study 2:1 (intervention:control) randomized controlled trial in patients with anxiety or depression. Complete case and with missing cases imputed using multiple-imputation analyses are conducted, using unadjusted and regression baseline-adjusted QALYs. Cost-effectiveness is judged using incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and acceptability curves. We use previously established psychometric results to reflect on estimated QALYs.ResultsA total of 361 people (241:120) were randomized. EQ-5D-5L crosswalk produced higher incremental QALYs than the value set for England or ReQoL-UI, which produced similar unadjusted QALYs, but contrasting baseline-adjusted QALYs. Probability of cost-effectiveness <£30 000 per QALY ranged from 6% (complete case ReQoL-UI baseline-adjusted QALYs) to 64.3% (multiple-imputation EQ-5D-5L crosswalk unadjusted QALYs). The control arm improved more on average than the intervention arm on the ReQoL-UI, a result not mirrored on the EQ-5D-5L nor condition-specific (Patient-Health Questionnaire-9, depression; Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, anxiety) measures.ConclusionsReQoL-UI produced contradictory cost-effectiveness results relative to the EQ-5D-5L. The EQ-5D-5L’s better responsiveness and “anxiety/depression” and “usual activities” items drove the incremental QALY results. The ReQoL-UI’s single physical health item and “personal recovery” construct may have influenced its lower 8-week incremental QALY estimates in this patient sample. 相似文献
7.
Defects of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein affect the homeostasis of chloride, bicarbonate, sodium, and water in the airway surface liquid, influencing the mucus composition and viscosity, which induces a severe condition of infection and inflammation along the whole life of CF patients. The introduction of CFTR modulators, novel drugs directly intervening to rescue the function of CFTR protein, opens a new era of experimental research. The review summarizes the most recent advancements to understand the characteristics of the infective and inflammatory pathology of CF lungs. 相似文献
8.
《European journal of surgical oncology》2022,48(6):1264-1271
BackgroundIn order to avoid excessive treatment of thyroid nodules in the clinic, it is necessary to find a simple and practical analysis method to comprehensively and accurately reflect benign or malignant thyroid nodules. This study aimed to construct and validate a comprehensive and reliable network-based predictive model using a variety of imaging and laboratory criteria for thyroid nodules to stratify the risk of malignancy prior to surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent surgical treatment for thyroid nodules at the Thyroid and Breast Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2018 and December 2020. Binary logical regression analysis was performed to predict whether nodules were malignant or benign. The developmental dataset included 457 patients (January 2018–December 2020). The validation set included separate data points (n = 225, January 2018–December 2020).ResultsIn this study, criteria that showed significant predictive value for malignant nodules included TI-RADS: 4b (p = 0.065); Bethesda IV, Bethesda V, Bethesda VI (P < 0.0001); BRAFV600E mutation (P < 0.0001); Calcitonin>5 pg/ml (p = 0.0037); and FNA-Tg>30 ng/ml (p = 0.0003). A 10-grade risk scoring system was developed. The risk of malignancy risk ranged from 2.06% to 100% and was positively associated with increasing risk grade. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of the development and validation sets were 0.972 and 0.946, respectively.ConclusionA simple, comprehensive and reliable web-based predictive model was designed using a variety of imaging and laboratory criteria to stratify thyroid nodules by probability of malignancy. 相似文献
9.
胃癌作为临床最常见的肿瘤之一,常因确诊疾病较晚而影响治疗效果,胃镜活检后的病理虽然作为确诊的金标准,但是由于此方式过程痛苦,操作复杂,费用较高,且具有侵入性,可能会导致患者拒绝操作而难普及于临床,因此积极找寻胃癌有效的监测指标十分必要。近年来,很多学者研究维生素与胃癌的相关关系,并试图通过摄取某些维生素降低胃癌发生率,延缓病情及改善预后,也有通过检测血清中维生素的水平给早期胃癌的诊断提供帮助。本文就同型半胱氨酸、维生素D、维生素C、维生素E、维生素B12及叶酸在胃癌中的作用机制,及其在血清中水平与胃癌关系的相关研究进展进行简要综述,为临床胃癌诊疗提供新思路。 相似文献
10.
《Clinical breast cancer》2022,22(6):507-514
Breast cancer (BC) is a highly metastatic, pathological cancer that significantly affects women worldwide. The mortality rate of BC is related to its heterogeneity, aggressive phenotype, and metastasis. Recent studies have highlighted that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for the interplay between metastasis mediators in BC. BC stem cells, tumor-derived exosomes, circulatory tumor cells (CTCs), and signaling pathways dynamically remodel the TME and promote metastasis. This review examines the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) that facilitate metastasis. This review also discusses the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs), tumor-derived exosomes, and CTs in promoting BC metastasis. Furthermore, the review emphasizes major signaling pathways that mediate metastasis in BC. Finally, the interplay among CSCs, exosomes, and CTCs in mediating metastasis have been highlighted. Therefore, understanding the molecular cues that mediate the association of CSCs, exosomes, and CTCs in TME helps to optimize systemic therapy to target metastatic BC. 相似文献