家庭尘螨过敏原含量对患儿哮喘控制水平的影响

目的探讨家庭尘螨过敏原含量对患儿哮喘控制水平的影响。方法选择59例哮喘患儿为研究对象,在四个季节采集床垫、枕头、地板与沙发的表面灰尘,测定尘螨过敏原含量(Der p1和Der f1),并分析与患儿哮喘控制水平的相关性。结果不同季节在床垫上检测到灰尘样本Der p1、Der f1水平均最高,显著高于相同季节地板检测的灰尘样本(P0.05)。暴露程度为低水平的患儿7例(11.86%),中水平的患儿12例(20.34%),高水平的患儿40例(67.80%)。在四个季节尘螨暴露高水平的患儿ACT/C-ACT评分均显著低于低水平的患者(P0.05)。其中尘螨暴露高水平的患者在春季的ACT/C-ACT评分的评分最低,显著低于夏季(P0.05)。结论儿童哮喘控制水平受尘螨过敏原含量季节变化的影响,以春季室内床垫中Der f1的含量最高。针对性加强尘螨防控措施,有利于哮喘的综合治疗与控制。     

2013年无锡市工作场所中职业病危害因素检测

目的通过对2013年无锡市工作场所中职业病危害因素检测结果进行分析,了解无锡市企业工作场所中的职业病危害因素的一般情况,以评估职业病危害因素监测工作开展的效果,为开展职业病预防控制工作提供数据支持。方法 2013年无锡地区各级疾病预防控制机构对中国疾病预防控制中心健康危害因素监测信息系统中作业场所职业病危害因素监测卡进行整理分析,并按企业经济类型、监测因素等信息进行统计分析。结果 2013年共检测301家企业,检测工作场所中作业点数7 825个,合格率为91.82%,与2012年的合格率（87.86%）相比明显升高（χ^2=78.037,P〈0.01）。粉尘、有毒化学物、物理因素的合格率分别为95.54%、98.41%、83.62%;其中粉尘和有毒化学物的合格率较高,物理因素的合格率最低（χ^2=505.583,P〈0.01）。结论各相关部门应继续加强执法力度;增强用人单位的法律责任主体意识和社会责任感,采取防护措施;提高劳动者的自我防护意识,进一步切实做好职业病防治工作。     

河南省某金矿选矿厂职业病危害因素与职业病现状调查

目的监测河南省某金矿选矿厂的职业病危害因素现状及其对工人健康的影响,为加强职业健康监护和劳动防护措施提供依据。方法按照GBZ159-2004的采样要求进行采样;按照GBZ/T 192-2007对粉尘进行检测;按照GBZ/T189.8-2007对噪声进行检测,分析工作场所中职业病危害因素对劳动者健康的影响。结果该厂下料工、破碎工、皮带工作业场所中粉尘浓度分别为2.1、5.8和6.8 mg/m^3,超出GBZ 2.1-2007的要求;破碎工、皮带工、球磨工、浮选工作业场所中噪声强度分别为94.2、92.8、91.9和90.8 dB（A）,超出GBZ 2.2-2007的要求;职业健康检查项目中B超（肝脏损伤）、心电图、胸片、血常规异常率分别为11.6%、9.3%、2.3%和4.6%。结论该厂职业病危害因素超标严重,对劳动者健康有一定的影响;整体防护和个体防护需进一步加强和重视。     

接尘工人血清中转化生长因子β_1表达水平早期改变的观察

目的测定接尘工人早期血清中转化生长因子β1（transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1）表达水平的变化,探讨其作为反映接尘暴露效应标志物的可能性。方法采用双抗体夹心法（ELISA）,测定84名接尘工人和66名健康对照者血清中TGF-β1的表达水平。结果接尘组TGF-β1水平为（8 250.21±3 149.43）pg/ml,对照组为（5 838.29±2 857.86）pg/ml。接尘组血清中TGF-β1含量显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;接尘组按工龄分层,各组内层之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 TGF-β1可作为监测粉尘暴露工人体内机能早期改变的潜在效应标志物。     

Indoor particle counts during Asian dust events under everyday conditions at an apartment in Japan

Objective

Asian dust storms originating from arid regions of Mongolia and China are a well-known springtime phenomenon throughout East Asia. Evidence is increasing for the adverse health effects caused by airborne desert dust inhalation. Given that people spend approximately 90 % of their time indoors, indoor air quality is a significant concern. The present study aimed to examine the influence of outdoor particulate matter (PM) levels on indoor PM levels during Asian dust events under everyday conditions.

Methods

We simultaneously monitored counts of particles larger than 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 μm using two direct-reading instruments (KC-01D1 airborne particle counter; Rion), one placed in an apartment room and another on the veranda, under everyday conditions before and during an Asian dust event. We also examined how indoor particle counts were affected by opening a window, crawling, and air purifier use.

Results

An Asian dust event on 24 April 2012 caused 50- and 20-fold increases in PM counts in outdoor and indoor air, respectively. A window open for 10 min resulted in a rapid increase of indoor PM counts up to 70 % of outside levels that did not return to baseline levels after 3 h. An air purifier rapidly reduced PM counts for all particle sizes measured.

Conclusions

It is important to account for occupant behavior, such as window-opening and air purifier use, when estimating residential exposure to particulate matter.     

山西省煤矿接尘工人生活质量与健康相关因素的关系研究

目的了解山西省煤矿接尘工人生活质量的健康相关影响因素,为有针对性地制定提高矿工生活质量的干预措施提供科学依据。方法以班组为单位,整群抽样随机抽取山西省煤矿接尘工人330名,以问卷形式调查了解接尘工人的健康相关情况,采用世界卫生组织生活质量测定量表简表(QOL-BREF)对生活质量进行测评。结果本次调查共发放问卷330份,收回有效问卷305份,应答率为92.4%。生活质量生理领域得分影响因素均为呼吸道症状、是否生病、近2周家庭摩擦和食欲;心理领域得分影响因素均为呼吸道症状、是否生病、近2周消极感和食欲;社会领域得分影响因素为近2周消极感和食欲;环境领域得分影响因素为吸烟、饮酒、呼吸道症状、体格检查情况和近2周食欲。结论生活质量生理、心理、社会和环境4个领域得分与某些健康相关因素存在相关关系,据此可制定相应的卫生保健干预措施,提高煤矿接尘工人的生活质量。     

江门地区儿童变应性鼻炎变应原临床分析

目的 了解江门地区变应性鼻炎患儿的变应原种类,为儿童变应性鼻炎的防治提供科学依据.方法 应用18种变应原点刺液对332例变应性鼻炎患儿进行皮肤点刺试验.结果 332例变应性鼻炎患儿中,变应原阳性率86.7％,2种或2种以上变应原阳性率56.6％;变应原阳性率前5位的是粉尘螨、蟑螂、海蟹、海虾、狗毛,分别为80.1％、34.6％、24.4％、18.7％、16.6％.随年龄增长,男女变应原阳性率及粉尘螨强阳性率均出现差异.结论 粉尘螨是江门地区变应性鼻炎患儿的首要变应原,明确变应原后对变应性鼻炎的预防及特异性免疫治疗具有重要指导意义.     

The Effect of Rush Immunotherapy with House Dust Mite in the Production of IL-5 and IFN-�� from the Peripheral Blood T Cells of Asthmatic Children

Although the mechanisms are unclear, rush immunotherapy (RIT) may be effective to treat allergic diseases. We investigated the long-term modifications of cellular immunity as a mechanism of RIT. The RIT group, included 15 house dust mite (HDM)-sensitized asthmatic children, received RIT only with Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p), whereas the control group, consisted of 10 HDM-sensitized asthmatic children, did not receive RIT. The asthma symptom scores and the skin reactivities to Der f were measured. The cellular proliferative responses and intracellular interleukin (IL)-5 and interferon (IFN)-γ productions from peripheral blood T cells were also measured before, 8 weeks and 1 yr after RIT. The symptom scores, skin reactivity to Der f and cellular proliferative responses to Der f were decreased significantly after 8 weeks and maintained until 1 yr of RIT. The IFN-γ/IL-5 ratio of the CD3(+) and CD4(+) cells were increased significantly after 8 weeks and maintained until 1 yr of RIT, while there were no changes in the control group. These data indicate that the continuous functional modification from Th2 to Th1 phenotype of the CD4(+) T cells are developed after RIT in the asthmatic children sensitized with HDM.