Risk behaviors and its association with caries activity and dental caries in Japanese children

The aim of this study was to assess risk behaviors and its association with caries activity and dental caries in Japanese children. The subjects were 392 young Japanese children who underwent dental health check-up at 18, 30 and 42 months of age. Oral examinations, Cariostat tests and dental health questionnaires were carried out at each time. The caries prevalence of children was 1.5% at 18 months, 9.9% at 30 months and 28.1% at 42 months. Caries activity based on the Cariostat scores of children was correlated with caries status (caries-free/carious) at 42 months. In children with caries during each examination period at 42 months, eating snacks while playing was ranked as the most important behavioral risk (P < 0.001), followed by breast-feeding (P < 0.01), non setting of time for snacks (P < 0.05) and frequency of snacks (P < 0.05) at 18 months old; non brushing by mother (P < 0.05) and eating snacks while playing (P < 0.05) were ranked highest at 30 months old. In addition, eating snacks while playing (P < 0.001) at 42 months old was the only a significant factor for children with caries. Caries activity and risk behaviors were associated with caries experience at different age periods of childhood.     

沈阳市961名老年干部牙健康状况调查

目的了解并分析沈阳市老年干部牙健康状况。方法按第二次全国口腔健康流行病学抽样调查标准,对沈阳市961名60岁以上的老年干部进行口腔健康调查,结果用SPSS软件处理。结果患龋率为67.12%,患龋者的龋均随着年龄的增长而逐渐增高(P<0.05),龋齿全部充填率为33.18%。缺牙率为80.65%,人均失牙7.38颗,人均保留牙的数目与年龄呈负相关(P<0.01)。无牙牙合率为10.20%,无牙牙合与牙列缺损的修复率分别为98.98%和36.04%。牙周健康状况与年龄呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论牙列缺失及缺损是老年人常见的口腔疾患,龋病和牙周病是其主要原因。加强老年人的口腔保健意识,是提高口腔疾病治疗成功率的重要环节,进而增进老年人的全身健康。     

lgY牙膏对口腔变形链球菌的抑制作用

目的研究含生物活性物IgY牙膏对口腔变形链球菌的抑制作用.方法将140位受试者随机分成实验组和对照组.每位受试者经过2个月洗脱期后,分别使用实验牙膏和空白对照牙膏.采用Dentocult SM方法分别测出基线值和使用1d、3d、7d、1个月后以及停止使用牙膏后2周的口腔变形链球菌水平.结果①实验组受试者口腔中变形链球菌水平的下降发生在使用实验牙膏刷牙后第1天,而对照组则发生在刷牙后的第3天.②随着刷牙时间延长,2组受试者口腔中变形链球菌水平逐步下降.③实验组停止使用实验牙膏刷牙后2周,仍有抑制变形链球菌的作用.结论与对照组相比,实验组牙膏有增强抑制口腔变形链球菌的作用.     

Adult hypophosphatasia without apparent skeletal disease: “odontohypophosphatasia“ in four heterozygote members of a family

Summary Twenty members of a family with adult hypophosphatasia were examined clinically and biochemically. Severe caries causing early loss of permanent teeth was the only clinical symptom which could be attributed to hypophosphatasia. None of them had a history of defective bone mineralization, rachitic skeletal alterations, and recurrent pseudofractures or fractures. An iliac crest bone biopsy of the proposita showed a normal finding corresponding to the age of the patient.Four family members in two subsequent generations were affected, thus suggesting an autosomal dominant inheritance. Their serum and leukocyte alkaline phosphatases were reduced. The phosphoethanolamine (PEA) excretion in the urine was increased to a level which suggests a heterozygote state. The serum alkaline phosphatase activity could be ascribed to the liver isoenzyme fraction. This was shown by polyacrylamide electrophoresis, by inhibition studies with organ-specific inhibitors, heat inactivation, inhibition by antibodies, and treatment with neuraminidase.The proposita had an unexplained, diffuse fatty infiltration of the liver. Thus, not only alterations of bone but also of liver metabolism in hypophosphatasia should be considered.The variety of adult hypophosphatasia described in this paper is characterized by the lack of severe bone abnormalities, the apparently autosomal dominant inheritance, and the reduction of bone and intestinal isoenzyme in the serum. Our study suggests that hypophosphatasia is a heterogenous disorder which includes both severe and clinically mild forms.     

南山区中小学生龋齿的流行病学调查

目的：了解南山区中小学生龋病情况及其原因。方法：调查南山区8735名中小学生龋病情况并进行统计分析。结果：中小学生的龋患率为19．87％，龋均0．43，患者龋均2．16。尢论从龋患率或龋均来比较，均是小学生高于中学生．常住学生高于暂住学生．差异有显著性。龋患率与有无刷牙习惯．是否喜吃甜食等因素密切关系。结论：加强个人卫生习惯．提高学生自我保健意识．开展口腔卫生知识的宣传教育．是降低儿童青少年龋患率的关键。     

65-74岁老年人口腔疾病流行病学调查

目的了解河南省65~74岁老年人群口腔疾病患病现状。方法采用随机抽样的方法,按照《第二次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案》对2320名城乡老年人进行口腔检查。结果河南省老年人冠龋患病率为60.13%,龋均为2.23,龋补构成比为D93.16%、F6.84%;根面龋患病率为20.09%,根龋龋均为0.59;牙周疾病患病率为81.08%;现有恒牙平均为18.87颗,失牙率为84.44%。结论河南省老年人口腔疾病患病率高,治疗率非常低。     

唐山市区学龄前儿童乳牙患龋影响因素研究

目的了解唐山市区2~6岁儿童乳牙龋病的影响因素,为制定社区干预措施和开展儿童龋病防治工作提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法选取唐山市区2~6岁儿童598名,对其家长进行问卷调查。结果多因素条件Logistic回归分析,筛选出5个与儿童乳牙患龋率有关的因素,其中家长不能督促孩子刷牙、母亲妊娠期患病、孩子非足月出生、喜吃肉类食物及喝牛奶加糖等能增加乳牙患龋的危险性,其OR值分别为4.716,7.657,6.575,5.117,6.544。结论影响学龄前儿童乳牙患龋的主要因素有儿童的饮食及生活习惯、儿童出生时的状况及儿童家长对口腔保健的态度。     

龋病防治的临床难度评估

龋病是发生于牙体硬组织的慢性感染性疾病,具有发病率高、治疗率低等特点,严重危害口腔和全身健康。加强和完善龋病的规范化治疗是全人群、全生命周期龋病管理面临的关键问题。因此,在龋病诊断和分类的基础上,建立龋病防治临床难度评估系统,主要包括龋病风险评估和龋病治疗难度评估,可为龋病管理提供有效的依据。本文围绕龋病防治难度评估系统,从龋病的诊断和分类、龋病风险评估和龋病治疗难度评估等龋病防治临床管理的重要组成部分进行归纳与阐述。     

Psychosocial aspects of dental and general fears in dental phobic patients

Phobic reactions can often be a significant health problem for fearful dental patients. This is true in particular for individuals with long-time avoidance and elevated general psychological distress. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of dental fear among 67 dental phobic individuals with a low versus high degree of general fear. Reported etiologic background factors, avoidance time, general psychological distress and psychosocial manifestations and consequences of dental phobia were studied. No significant difference in dental anxiety level between individuals with low versus high general fear was found, and both groups reported high frequencies of negative dental experiences. The low-fear group reported a longer (though not statistically significant) average avoidance time than the high-fear group. However, patients with a high level of general fear showed a significantly higher degree of psychological distress, and also reported stronger negative social consequences from their dental anxiety. These results indicate that the character of dental fear might be different between different groups of fearful patients, which makes the condition psychologically handicapping. Such aspects should be assessed in the diagnostic analysis of patients with severe dental anxiety. In particular, assessments of signs of general psychological distress are warranted.