Induction of tumor cell autosis by myxoma virus-infected CAR-T and TCR-T cells to overcome primary and acquired resistance

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Cellular immunotherapy in breast cancer: The quest for consistent biomarkers

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, with a relatively high proportion of patients experiencing resistance to standard treatments. Cellular immunotherapy (CI), which is based on the extraction, modification, and re-infusion of the patient’s immune cells, is showing promising results in these patients. Among CI possible approaches, adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and dendritic cell (DC) vaccination are the most comprehensively explored in both primary/translational research studies and clinical trials. ACT may include the use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), T cell receptor (TCR)-, or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T-cells. There are indications suggesting that a biomarker-based approach might be beneficial in effectively selecting breast cancer patients for CI. Here, we sought to provide the current knowledge of CI in breast cancer, focusing on candidate biomarkers, ongoing clinical trials, limitations, and immediate future perspectives.     

SOHO State of the Art Updates and Next Questions: T-Cell–Directed Immune Therapies for Multiple Myeloma: Chimeric Antigen Receptor–Modified T Cells and Bispecific T-Cell–Engaging Agents

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting SLAMF7 and CD38 are the first classes of targeted immunotherapies approved for multiple myeloma, a cancer of plasma cells. These agents are effective, particularly in combination with the immunomodulatory drugs lenalidomide and pomalidomide. The next generation of myeloma immunotherapy under investigation consists of T-cell–directed strategies designed to promote cytotoxic activity against myeloma cells, as embodied by chimeric antigen receptor–modified T cells (CAR-T) and bispecific T-cell–engaging agents. Early clinical trial results with these classes of therapies are promising, with high response rates reported. These strategies appear to be strong activators of immunoresponse, and adverse effects, particularly cytokine release syndrome and cytokine-related encephalopathic syndrome, are common. Ongoing research explores the optimal disease setting and combination therapies for these agents. These studies provide an unprecedented opportunity to understand the mechanisms of action and their relations to adverse effects and resistance to therapy.     

T Cells Expressing NKG2D CAR with a DAP12 Signaling Domain Stimulate Lower Cytokine Production While Effective in Tumor Eradication

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CAR-T疗法在卵巢癌中的应用前景

卵巢癌是最致命的妇科肿瘤,由于其发病潜伏期长,缺乏早期诊断手段,导致大多数患者初治时已是晚期。除了常规的手术化疗外,近年来,嵌合抗原受体修饰的T细胞(CAR-T)在肿瘤系统治疗的研究领域中受到相当大的关注。各种临床前实验和临床试验已证实了CAR-T细胞免疫疗法是卵巢癌的一种有前景的治疗方法,并显示出有别于其他实体瘤的优势,但是仍需要面对诸多挑战。在这篇综述中,我们将系统的讲述CAR-T细胞免疫疗法的最新研究进展,包括CAR-T细胞疗法的生物学理解、临床应用、所面对的挑战及可能改善治疗效果的策略。