三亚市青少年脊柱侧凸畸形患病率调查

目的：了解三亚市中小学生特发型脊柱侧凸畸形(AIS)的患病情况。方法采用横断面研究方法,随机抽查三亚市城乡10所中学10~16岁中学生6952名,其中男生3750名,女生3202名。首先通过观察体检者的肩部和肩胛骨的对称性以及Adams试验筛选出疑似患者。对于AIS疑似患者,进一步采用全脊柱正侧位X射线摄片来明确脊柱侧凸诊断。结果6952名中小学生中共检筛出AIS疑似患者375名(男性191名,女性184名),其中358名疑似患者接受进一步检查,最终明确AIS患者88名(1.27%),男性42名(0.60%),女性46名(0.66%),男、女比率为1：0.91,但二者患病率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.39,P>0.05)。结论三亚市公立学校中小学生AIS患病率为1.27%,男女患病率相当。     

细胞间黏附分子-1基因469K/E多态性与动脉粥样硬化血栓形成性脑卒中的相关性

目的 探讨细胞间粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)基因469K/E多态性与动脉粥样硬化血栓形成性脑卒中(AIS)的相关性.方法 对345例脑梗死患者采用多聚酶链反应分析ICAM-l基因469K/E多态性,并根据基因型分两组,即ICAM-1基因EE+KE型组(n=139)和KK型组(n=206),比较两组AIS发病率、脑血管病传统危险因素等指标的差异,以评价AIS的危险因素.结果 EE+KE型组AIS、糖尿病发病率明显高于KK型组(P＜0.01).采用多因素Logistic回归调整年龄、性别、吸烟、脑血管病家族史、总胆固醇、糖尿病后,EE+KE型组患AIS的风险是KK型组的3.64倍(P＜0.01).而在回归中引入高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)自变量后,EE+KE型患AIS的风险下降(OR=3.13,P=0.04),进一步引入高血压病自变量后,ICAM-1基因型与AIS间不再存在相关性(P=0.24).结论 ICAM-1基因EE+KE型是AIS的独立危险因素,其可能通过改变HDL-C和血压水平影响AIS发病.     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者尿微量白蛋白与高血压、糖尿病的关系研究

目的观察急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者尿微量白蛋白与高血压、糖尿病的关系。方法选取103例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,分为高血压与非高血压组、糖尿病与非糖尿病组、同时合并高血压及糖尿病和同时不合并高血压及糖尿病组,各组间进行尿微量白蛋白(MA)的阳性率比较。结果合并高血压组患者MA的阳性率为42.05%,无高血压组患者MA的阳性率为40%,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);合并糖尿病组患者MA的阳性率为50%,无糖尿病组患者MA的阳性率为33.33%,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);同时合并高血压、糖尿病组患者MA的阳性率为46.5%,无高血压及糖尿病组患者MA的阳性率为16.67%,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论MA可能是独立于高血压、糖尿病的急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)危险因素。     

Association of Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol with Stroke Risk,Severity and Prognosis

Aim: To investigate the association of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in terms of risk, severity, and outcomes. Prediction models were established to screen high-risk patients and predict prognosis of AIS patients.Methods: We enrolled in this study 355 AIS patients and 171 non-AIS controls. AIS was subtyped according to TOAST criteria, and the severity and outcomes of AIS were measured. Blood glucose and lipid profiles including total cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipoproteins were measured in all patients using automatic measure. Lipoprotein subfractions were detected by the Lipoprint LDL system.Results: As compared with the non-AIS control group, the AIS group had higher sdLDL-C levels. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the sdLDL-C level and risk of AIS, especially non-cardioembolic stroke, were positively correlated. The area under the curve of sdLDL-C for AIS risk was 0.665, better than that of other lipids. Additionally, the sdLDL-C level was significantly correlated with AIS severity and bad outcomes. A logistic regression model for assessing the probability of AIS occurrence and a prognostic prediction model were established based on sdLDL-C and other variables.Conclusions: Elevated levels of sdLDL-C were associated with a higher prevalence of AIS, especially in non-cardioembolic stroke subtypes. After adjustment for other risk factors, sdLDL-C was found to be an independent risk factor for AIS. Also, sdLDL-C level was strongly associated with AIS severity and poor functional outcomes. Logistic regression models for AIS risk and prognosis prediction were established to help clinicians provide better prevention for high-risk subjects and monitor their prognosis.     

How best to interpret mixed human papillomavirus genotypes in high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia lesions

Objectives

This study aimed to determine human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes present in biopsy sections from young women of vaccine eligible age living in Victoria, Australia, with confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) or adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) using laser capture microdissection (LCM).

Methods

Histologically confirmed CIN3 or AIS positive biopsies from vaccine eligible women (born after 30th June 1981, n = 169), between May 2011 and March 2013, were identified. CIN3 or AIS lesions were isolated from biopsy material using LCM, and the HPV genotypes present in whole tissue sections (WTS) as well as LCM-isolated lesion tissue were determined by a sensitive reverse hybridisation assay; RHA kit HPV SPF10-LiPA25, version 1 (Labo Bio-medical Products, Rijswijk, The Netherlands).

Results

One hundred and sixty-eight cases were shown to be HPV positive (99%), of which 20 (12%) had more than one HPV genotype detected using WTS-PCR. Evaluation by LCM of individual biopsies with mixed infections showed 18 cases (90%) had only one HPV genotype associated with each CIN3 lesion. HPV 16 was the most common HPV type, found in 95/168 cases (57%).

Conclusion

LCM-PCR allowed us to confirm the presence of a single HPV genotype associated with each biologically separate CIN3 lesion, supporting the theory that only one virus type causes each independent CIN lesion. LCM will provide an important tool in assessing vaccine effectiveness in HPV vaccine programs.     

依据2011年国际肺腺癌多学科分类中的病理分类诊断肺原位腺癌（AIS）1例并文献复习

肺腺癌的世界卫生组织（WHO）分类主要是由病理学家参与制定的病理分类,是以往诊断肺腺癌的标准。2004版的WHO关注了遗传和临床等信息,但是仍没有充分考虑到其他学科的新进展以及对患者治疗及预后的影响。鉴于对肺腺癌的研究深入以及各学科的不断发展,2011年国际肺癌研究协会（IASLC）、美国胸科学会（ATS）和欧洲呼吸学会（ERS）联合发表了肺腺癌国际多学科分类。分类最重要的内容之一是废除了细支气管肺泡癌（BAC）的命名。将直径≤3 cm,肿瘤细胞贴肺泡壁生长,并且无间质、血管及胸膜浸润的病变定义为原位腺癌（AIS）。本文即是根据2011年新分类的定义诊断肺原位腺癌病例。     

AIS大家系的AR突变效应分析

目的：分析雄性激素不敏感综合征（AIS）大家系的AR突变效应。方法：从AIS患者外周血中将基因组DNA提取出来,以特异的引物聚合酶联反应（PCR）扩张雄激素受体（AR）基因,单链构象多态性分析（SSCP）扩增产物,将突变的外显子筛选出来,然后对其直接进行PCR产物测序。结果：所选取的8例人员中,有2例AIS患者缺失AR基因2号外显子,其余6例存在外显子电泳条带,经过基因测序,发现其符合正常AR基因。结论：本研究方法简便实用,在临床诊断和研究AIS中具有极为有益的应用。     

Higher Annual Operator Volume Is Associated With Better Reperfusion Rates in Stroke Patients Treated by Mechanical Thrombectomy: The ETIS Registry

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine whether individual operator characteristics have an impact on reperfusion and procedural complication rates.

Racial Differences in Discharge Location After a Traumatic Brain Injury Among Older Adults

ObjectiveTo determine if there were racial differences in discharge location among older adults treated for traumatic brain injury (TBI) at a level 1 trauma center.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingR Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center.ParticipantsBlack and white adults aged ≥65 years treated for TBI between 1998 and 2012 and discharged to home without services or inpatient rehabilitation (N=2902).Main Outcome MeasuresWe assessed the association between race and discharge location via logistic regression. Covariates included age, sex, Abbreviated Injury Scale-Head score, insurance type, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and comorbidities.ResultsThere were 2487 (86%) whites and 415 blacks (14%) in the sample. A total of 1513 (52%) were discharged to inpatient rehabilitation and 1389 (48%) were discharged home without services. In adjusted logistic regression, blacks were more likely to be discharged to inpatient rehabilitation than to home without services compared to whites (odds ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.70).ConclusionsIn this group of Medicare-eligible older adults, blacks were more likely to be discharged to inpatient rehabilitation compared to whites.