祛风宣肺汤联合西药治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘(风邪犯肺)随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察祛风宣肺汤联合西药治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘(风邪犯肺)疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将104例门诊患者按随机数字表法随机分为两组。对照组52例沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂,1吸/次,2次/d;多索茶碱,400mg/次,2次/d。治疗组52例祛风宣肺汤(麻黄、蜜枇杷叶、炒紫苏子各15g,蝉蜕、前胡、荆芥、炒牛蒡子、浙贝母、五味子、桔梗各10g,甘草8g,鱼腥草30g),水煎400mL,早晚温服,兼夹风寒者,加防风、紫菀、百部;兼夹风热者,加桑叶、菊花、薄荷、连翘;兼夹风燥者,加桑叶、杏仁、沙参;西药治疗同对照组。连续治疗3周为1疗程。观测临床表现、FEV_1、FEV_1%、用力肺活量(FVC)、最大呼气流量(PEF)、中医证候积分、不良反应。连续治疗2疗程(6周),判定疗效。[结果]治疗组痊愈26例,显效16例,有效7例,无效3例,总有效率94. 23%;对照组痊愈20例,显效13例,有效9例,无效10例,总有效率80. 77%;治疗组疗效优于对照组(P 0. 05)。FEV_1、FEV_1%、FVC、PEF、中医证候积分两组均有改善(P 0. 01),治疗组改善优于对照组(P 0. 05,P 0. 01)。[结论]祛风宣肺汤联合西药治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘(风邪犯肺),疗效满意,无严重不良反应,值得推广。     

经鼻导管高流量吸氧与经鼻气道正压通气在重症毛细支气管炎呼吸支持中的应用价值比较

目的：比较经鼻导管高流量吸氧（HFNC）与经鼻气道正压通气（nCPAP）在重症毛细支气管炎呼吸支持中的应用价值，为临床治疗方案的选择提供参考。方法：选取2016年12月至2018年12月我院儿科收治的重症毛细支气管炎患儿90例，采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各45例。两组患儿入院后均给予常规综合治疗以保证呼吸道通畅，在此基础上观察组采用HFNC治疗，对照组采用nCPAP治疗，比较两组患儿治疗前和治疗24 h后呼吸频率、经皮血氧饱和度（TcSO2）、呼吸窘迫评分体系（CSS）评分、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）等呼吸相关指标及治疗前后临床症状体征改善情况。结果：两组患儿治疗24 h后呼吸频率、CSS评分均降低，且观察组降低程度更大，TcSO2、PaO2于治疗24 h后升高，观察组升高幅度较对照组明显；治疗后两组患儿咳嗽及肺部湿啰音、肺部炎症情况均改善，观察组症状体征消失时间早于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：重症毛细支气管炎患儿采用HFNC治疗可明显改善通气功能和临床症状，治疗效果优于nCPAP治疗，可扩大样本量进一步观察。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

MR-DWI及ADC值在卵巢肿瘤鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨磁共振-弥散加权成像(MR-DWI)及表观弥散系数(ADC)值在卵巢肿瘤鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2016年5月至2019年4月就诊于本院经手术病理诊断确诊的70例卵巢肿瘤患者临床资料,均行MRI检查,对比不同类型、不同性质卵巢肿瘤ADC值和不同类型卵巢肿瘤DWI信号。结果 70例患者中恶性卵巢肿瘤26例(37.14%),良性卵巢肿瘤44例(62.86%);恶性卵巢肿瘤ADC值为(1.52±0.30)×10~(-3) mm~2/s,高于良性卵巢肿瘤的(0.94±0.26)×10~(-3) mm~2/s,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);随着卵巢肿瘤分级增加,ADC值逐渐增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);恶性卵巢肿瘤DWI信号强度高于良性卵巢肿瘤,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论MR-DWI及ADC值均可有效鉴别区分卵巢肿瘤良恶性,便于指导临床早期准确治疗,改善患者预后。     

不同氧流量驱动肝素雾化吸入对老年COPD并呼吸衰竭患者血浆和肽素水平的影响

目的探讨不同氧流量驱动肝素雾化吸入用于老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并呼吸衰竭患者治疗的价值,分析患者血浆和肽素(Copeptin)水平所受影响。方法根据随机数字表法将120例COPD并呼吸衰竭患者分为A组、B组、C组,各40例。全部患者接受肝素雾化吸入治疗,A组氧流量为5 L/min,B组为7 L/min,C组为9 L/min,在肝素雾化吸入7 d后评价其治疗效果。分别于治疗前1 d、治疗3 d时、治疗7 d时,检测并对比三组血浆Copeptin水平、痰液黏稠度、呼吸力学指标、血气分析指标等变化情况,同时治疗期间记录患者不良反应发生情况。结果治疗3 d时、治疗7 d时,三组血浆Copeptin水平均较治疗前1 d呈下降趋势,肉眼观察痰液黏稠度呈下降趋势,B组下降速度快于其他两组,三组组间、时点、组间·时点比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),A、C两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);较治疗前1 d,三组呼吸力学指标均有变化,B组较其他两组气道峰值(Ppeak)、平台压(Pplat)、呼吸阻力(Raw)呈下降趋势,Cd呈上升趋势,三组组间、时点、组间·时点比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),但A、C两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);三组治疗3 d时、治疗7 d时的动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)、氧合指数(PaO_2/FiO_2)水平均较治疗前1 d呈上升趋势,动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)水平呈下降趋势,B组上升或下降速度高于其他两组,三组组间、时点、组间·时点比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A、C两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);A、B两组治疗期间均未发生血小板减少等情况,C组2例出现轻度血小板减少,在及时处理后恢复正常。结论采用7 L/min氧流量驱动肝素雾化吸入治疗老年COPD并呼吸衰竭效果优于5 L/min与9 L/min的氧流量,利于降低患者血浆Copeptin水平,降低其痰液黏稠度,改善呼吸力学参数,增加胸肺动态顺应性,获得最佳雾化效果,且不良反应少。