八角茴香规范化种植基地生态环境的质量评价

目的对八角茴香种植基地环境质量进行评价。方法采用国家规定的环境质量及其分析方法标准和相关的文献方法对八角茴香GAP种植基地规划区环境空气、土壤环境和水资源进行评价。结果八角茴香规范化种植基地的土壤环境达到GB15618-1995(国家土壤环境质量标准)的一级标准,水资源达GB5084-92(农业灌溉水质标准)的一类水质标准,大气质量标准达GB3095-1996(环境空气质量)二级标准。结论八角茴香GAP种植区环境质量良好,符合绿色药材栽培的环境质量要求。     

Effects of of habitats and pesticides on aerobic capacity and survival of soil fauna

Faunal health is largely dependent on their soil environment and available litter quality. So the effects of different soil habitats and pesticides on citrate synthase (CS) activity of soil fauna and its population were studied. Methods The soil animals were collected from different pedoecosystems for habitat study. Whereas Vigna radiata based system was selected for pesticidal observations. The field was divided into five equal plots for control and treatment of γ-BHC, quinalphos, carbaryl and cypermethrin. Soil fauna was collected by quadrat method and extracted by Tullgren funnel. Individuals of a species having similar sizes were collected for the estimation of CS activity. They were homogenized and fractions were obtained by differential centrifugation. The activity of CS was assayed spectrophotometrically. Results Citrate synthase (CS) activity of beetle (Rasphytus fregi), woodlouse (PorceUio laevis) and centipede (Scolopendra morsitans) varied significantly with respect to changes in different soil habitats. Though the CS activity of R. fregi, P. laevis, and S. morsitans differed among themselves but the highest activity of CS in these animals was in V. radiata and lowest in A. nilotica based pedoecosystem. The aerobic capacity of centipede was maximum followed by woodlouse and beetle. The treatment of γ-BHC, quinalphos, carbaryl and cypermethrin significantly reduced the CS activity of these animals. γ-BHC showed maximum reduction in CS activity indicating highly toxic effect of organochlorine on aerobic metabolism of soil fauna. However, minimum reduction was obseryed in response to carbaryl (in beetle) or cypermethrin (in woodlouse/centipede) leading to impairment of aerobic capacity. The differences in pesticide effects might be assigned to the differences in chemical nature of pesticides and their interactions with below-ground fauna. Treatment ofγ-BHC and quinalphos reduced the population of Acari, Coleoptera, Collembola, other arthropods as well as total soil fauna. Acari was least affected by γ-BHC and maximally affected (72%) in response to quinalphos. The effect of γ-BHC was fairly similar on Coleoptera, Collembola, other arthropod and total soil fauna suggesting almost similar sensitivity to this pesticide. Likewise, quinalphos was similarly effective on Collemobola and other soil arthropods. Application of carbaryl decreased Acari and Coleoptera population but increased Collembola, other arthropods and total faunal populations. However, application of cypermethrin significantly reduced the population of Acari, Coleoptera, Collembola and total soil fauna and increased the population of other soil arthropods. In both the cases, acarine population was least affected. Conclusion The observations show the habitat-specific variation in aerobic capacity of soil fauna. However, pesticide-dependent loss in population might be due to impairment of aerobic capacity of soil inhabiting animals in desert.     

中国癌症与土壤环境中Lu元素含量的关系

利用土壤环境中Lu元素资料769个数据,癌死亡调查资料787080例,研究了胃癌、食管癌、肝癌、宫颈癌、肺癌、大肠癌、白血病、鼻咽癌、乳腺癌死亡率与人群生存区土壤环境中Lu元素含量的关系.结果表明,胃癌、鼻咽癌死亡率与Lu元素有相关性,等级相关系数分别为-0.5419(P＜0.0025),0.3936(P＜0.025).     

不同土壤环境对远志标志性成分积累与体外抗氧化抗炎活性及乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制能力的影响

目的 为进一步深入了解远志野生品与不同土壤栽培品的功能活性。方法 以三年生远志根为研究对象，测定总皂苷、总酚、总黄酮、总糖含量；采用DPPH自由基、铁氧还原能力(IORA)和螯合力(HRR)三种不同机制方法综合评价其体外抗氧化能力，并测定其环氧合酶抑制活性(COX-2)及乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制能力。结果 黄黏土远志的总酚、总黄酮、总糖的含量最高，为21.80 mg/g、7.49 mg/g、26.15%;野生远志总皂苷含量最高，为39.29 mg/g(P<0.05);红黏土远志以上四种成分含量最低，药效成分呈显著性差异。综合三种不同抗氧化机制，野生远志﹥黄黏土远志﹥红黏土远志抗氧化活性，总皂苷的含量与抗氧化活性呈正相关(P<0.01),总酚、总黄酮、总糖与螯合力有较高的线性相关性，且三种抗氧化指标结果有显著的相关性。野生远志的抗炎活性最好，其次为黄黏土远志，其相关性分析也表明，COX-2与样品中的总皂苷、总糖、总黄酮含量具有显著相关性。同时野生远志的乙酰胆碱抑制能力最好，其次为黄黏土远志，总皂苷与乙酰胆碱抑制能力呈正相关。结论 不同生长环境远志的有效成分含量、抗氧化抗炎能力及乙酰胆...     

草珊瑚GAP基地生态环境质量评价

目的对江西新干黎山林场草珊瑚种植基地生态环境质量进行评价。方法采用相关的文献方法对江西新干黎山林场草珊瑚GAP种植基地规划区环境空气、土壤环境和水资源进行评价。结果江西新干黎山林场草珊瑚GAP基地规划区大气质量标准达到GB30951996(环境空气标准)一级标准,土壤环境达GB156181995(土壤环境标准)一级标准,水资源达GB/T1484893(农田灌溉水质标准)一级标准,结论江西新干黎山林场草珊瑚GAP种植区环境质量良好,符合绿色药材栽培的环境质量要求。     

库拉索芦荟GAP基地环境质量的评价

目的　对库拉索芦荟种植基地的环境质量进行评价。方法　采用国家规定的环境质量及其分析方法标准和相关的文献方法对库拉索芦荟 GAP种植基地规划区环境空气、土壤环境和水资源进行评价。结果　库拉索芦荟 GAP种植基地规划区大气质量标准达到 GB 30 95 - 1996 (环境空气质量标准 )二级标准 ,土壤环境达 GB15 6 18- 1995 (土壤环境质量标准 )一级标准 ,水资源达 GB5 0 84 - 92 (农业灌溉水质标准 )的一类标准。结论　库拉索芦荟 GAP种植区环境质量良好 ,符合绿色药材栽培的环境质量要求     

太子参栽培土壤环境的质量评价

目的:对太子参栽培土壤环境质量进行评价,为苏产太子参生产提供科学依据.方法:用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法和原子荧光光度法分析土壤中无机元素;用毛细管气相色谱法检测土壤中农药残留量.结果:太子参栽培土壤中重金属、农药残留量,均达《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618-19952001)二级标准;不同产区土壤中重金属、农药残留量有差异.结论:太子参栽培土壤环境良好,符合无公害标准要求.     

中药材地龙的质量状况研究

目的：研究地龙的质量状况,确保地龙药材的质量。方法：对85批地龙药材的抽检结果进行分析,研究地龙的质量状况。结果：灰分和酸不溶性灰分超标、重金属污染是地龙药材存在的主要质量问题。相关企业的质量意识不强、加工不规范以及环境污染是造成上述质量问题的主要原因。结论：应完善相关法规,明确中药材和农副产品的属性与界限以及药材和饮片的界定,准确定位药材市场的功能和监管主体;注重源头治理,促进种植、养殖实现规范化;完善质量标准,严格规定和细化地龙采收、修制、加工方法及操作程序;治理土壤、改善环境,对已污染的中药材产地进行修复,使中药资源的开发与保护走科学发展的道路。     

伊犁地区哈萨克族食管癌高低发区人体内外环境化学元素含量分析

目的从土壤中化学元素含量分布及人体组织中化学元素的富集规律,探讨伊犁地区哈萨克族食管癌高发与地球化学元素的关系,为新疆哈萨克族食管癌的防治工作提供科学依据。方法采用GGX-6A型原子吸收分光光度计测定伊犁地区哈萨克族食管癌高发区新源县和低发区巩留县土壤和当地居民头发中铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、锰(Mn)、钼(Mo)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、硒(Se)、铬(Cr)和镍(Ni)元素含量。结果 (1)新源县土壤中Fe、Cu、Mn、Mo、Cd和Pb元素含量高于巩留县,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而Zn元素含量低于巩留县,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)新源县居民头发中Cd元素含量高于巩留县,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而Fe、Zn和Se元素含量低于巩留县,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)新源县与巩留县居民头发与土壤中化学元素丰度值曲线基本吻合,人体内环境与外环境密切相关。结论地球化学元素含量的差异性分布可能是伊犁地区哈萨克族食管癌高发的重要因素之一。     

HPLC测定农田土、腐殖土西洋参皂苷含量及对比与分析

目的: 以西洋参皂苷为指标,比较2种土壤环境种植西洋参皂苷的含量。方法: 采用药典方法提取西洋参皂苷,用紫外分光光度计测定总皂苷含量,HPLC测定8种单体皂苷的含量。结果: 2种土壤环境种植西洋参的总皂苷含量均>6%,腐殖土西洋参单体皂苷含量高于农田土西洋参单体皂苷含量。结论: 2种土壤西洋参总皂苷含量无明显差异;各单体皂苷中腐殖土西洋参Rc,Re含量略高于农田土西洋参。