两种尿沉渣分析仪在临床上的应用评价

目的对Diasys R／S2003和普利生尿沉渣分析系统进行性能及临床应用的评估。方法分别对两台尿沉渣仪与牛鲍氏计数板法进行可比性试验，并对两仪器作准确性、重复性、线性检测；对Diasys进行携带污染率检查。结果Diasys R／S2003和普利生均与牛鲍氏计数板法显示相关（r〉r0．01）且有非常显著性意义（P〈0．01）；准确率分别为124．2％和95．8％；重复性低值CV％分别为6．5％和3．6％，高值CV％分别为6．2％和3．7％；且均显示良好线性；而Diasys的携带污染率为0．14％。结论两台仪器均符合NCCLS尿沉渣定量分析标准，检测结果与临床相符，具有准确性好、精密度高、操作简便、污染少、成本低等优点，因此两者都是目前比较理想的尿沉渣分析仪。     

Flexible Phase Change Material Fiber: A Simple Route to Thermal Energy Control Textiles

A flexible hollow polypropylene (PP) fiber was filled with the phase change material (PCM) polyethylene glycol 1000 (PEG1000), using a micro-fluidic filling technology. The fiber’s latent heat storage and release, thermal reversibility, mechanical properties, and phase change behavior as a function of fiber drawing, were characterized. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that both enthalpies of melting and solidification of the PCM encased within the PP fiber were scarcely influenced by the constraint, compared to unconfined PEG1000. The maximum filling ratio of PEG1000 within the tubular PP filament was ~83 wt.%, and the encapsulation efficiencies and heat loss percentages were 96.7% and 7.65% for as-spun fibers and 93.7% and 1.53% for post-drawn fibers, respectively. Weak adherence of PEG on the inner surface of the PP fibers favored bubble formation and aggregating at the core–sheath interface, which led to different crystallization behavior of PEG1000 at the interface and in the PCM matrix. The thermal stability of PEG was unaffected by the PP encasing; only the decomposition temperature, corresponding to 50% weight loss of PEG1000 inside the PP fiber, was a little higher compared to that of pure PEG1000. Cycling heating and cooling tests proved the reversibility of latent heat release and storage properties, and the reliability of the PCM fiber.     

SO2 enhanced desorption from basic aluminum sulfate desulphurization–regeneration solution by falling-film evaporation

To find the optimal structure of the converging–diverging tube and develop a high-efficiency falling-film evaporator, the heat and mass transfer performances of falling-film evaporation with converging–diverging tubes of different dimensions were studied. The optimal converging–diverging tube was used in falling-film evaporation desorption of the basic aluminum sulfate desulphurization–regeneration solution, and different influential factors on the desorption effect were analyzed. It was found that converging–diverging tubes with large falling-film flow rate performed well in the heat and mass transfer of falling-film evaporation, and their rib height largely affected the heat and mass transfer performances. At the same rib height and rib pitch, the longer the converging segment of the converging–diverging tube was, the better the heat transfer performance was. The evaporation heat transfer coefficient and evaporation mass transfer rate in the optimal converging–diverging tube were 1.6 and 1.38 times larger than the smooth tube, respectively. The optimal converging–diverging tube was used in falling-film evaporation desorption of basic aluminum sulfate desulphurization–regeneration solution, at a perimeter flow rate of 0.114–0.222 kg m⁻¹ s⁻¹, the desorption efficiency inside the tube was up to 94.2%, which was 10.3–10.5% higher than that of the smooth tube. At the inlet sulfur concentration of 0.02–0.1 kmol m⁻³, the desorption efficiency was up to 94.1%, which was 12.0–16.3% larger than that of the smooth tube. At the heating temperature of 371.15–386.15 K, the desorption efficiency was up to 93.4%, which was 6.7–11.5% larger than that of the smooth tube. Smaller falling-film flow rate, higher sulfur concentration, or higher heating temperature was more constructive to SO₂ desorption. Correlations were obtained to predict the mass transfer coefficient and SO₂ desorption efficiency. This study develops a new type of falling-film evaporator for SO₂ desorption from basic aluminum sulfate desulphurization–regeneration solution and provides a basis for process design and industrial application.

The heat and mass transfer performances of falling-film evaporation with converging–diverging tubes of different dimensions were studied.     

高频超声诊断急性跟腓韧带损伤的临床价值

目的探讨高频超声诊断急性跟腓韧带损伤的临床价值。方法对临床单纯或合并有踝关节内翻扭伤者,使用高频线阵探头扫查踝关节外侧副韧带,重点观察跟腓韧带是否损伤。结果48例超声诊断为跟腓韧带损伤患者中,Ⅰ型30例,Ⅱ型12例,Ⅲ型6例,将跟腓韧带损伤各型的超声诊断例数与手术符合例数相比较,两者问差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论对于早期诊断跟腓韧带的损伤,高频超声是一种分辨力高、价廉、操作简便、用时短的影像学检查方法,值得临床推广运用。     

高频超声诊断急性跟腓韧带损伤的临床价值

目的探讨高频超声诊断急性跟腓韧带损伤的临床价值。方法对临床单纯或合并有踝关节内翻扭伤者,使用高频线阵探头扫查踝关节外侧副韧带,重点观察跟腓韧带是否损伤。结果48例超声诊断为跟腓韧带损伤患者中,Ⅰ型30例,Ⅱ型12例,Ⅲ型6例,将跟腓韧带损伤各型的超声诊断例数与手术符合例数相比较,两者问差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论对于早期诊断跟腓韧带的损伤,高频超声是一种分辨力高、价廉、操作简便、用时短的影像学检查方法,值得临床推广运用。     

间苯三酚联合缩宫素静滴促宫颈成熟及产程进展的临床疗效分析

目的探讨间苯三酚联合缩宫素静滴促宫颈成熟及产程进展的临床疗效。方法选择足月妊娠单胎头位104例需引产初产妇,采用单盲法随机分为两组各52例。研究组予间苯三酚120 mg加入5%葡萄糖250 ml静脉滴注,继而缩宫素2.5 U加入5%葡萄糖500 ml静脉滴注;对照组单纯予缩宫素2.5 U加入5%葡萄糖500 ml静脉滴注。记录并比较两组宫颈成熟度、产程进展、阴道分娩率、新生儿Apgar评分、产后阴道出血量及用药后母婴不良反应。结果研究组宫颈成熟度Bishop评分改善程度明显优于对照组,总产程时间明显短于对照组,阴道分娩率明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组产后阴道出血量、新生儿Apgar评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),用药后母婴均无明显不良反应出现。结论间苯三酚联合缩宫素能促进宫颈成熟,加速产程进展,提高阴道分娩率,且对母婴无不良影响。     

损伤控制性手术与常规Ⅰ期手术用于肝胆外科创伤患者中的临床对比

目的 对比分析损伤控制性手术与常规Ⅰ期手术应用于肝胆外科创伤患者治疗中的临床效果.方法 2011年9月至2013年9月收治的肝胆外科创伤患者中随机选择89例进行研究,随机分为观察组（45例）和对照组（44例）,分别给予损伤控制性手术与常规Ⅰ期手术治疗.观察两组的治疗效果和并发症情况,并进行比较.术后随访1～6个月,采用电话随访的方式,了解患者的术后情况.随访率为100％.使用SPSS 15.0软件进行统计分析,计量资料予以t检验,计数资料予以x2检验.P ＜0.05则视为差异有统计学意义.结果 观察组的手术时间和住院天数分别为（64.2±12.7） min和（27.3±6.4）d,显著短于对照组的（98.4±24.6） min和（42.6±11.2）d,（t=8.64,6.83,均P＜0.05）.观察组的并发症发生率为13.3％ （6/45）,显著低于对照组的27.3％（12/44）,差异有统计学意义（x2 =9.11,P＜0.05）.结论 较之常规Ⅰ期手术治疗,利用损伤控制性手术治疗肝胆外科创伤患者可以获得较好的临床效果,且有效降低并发症发生率,疗效确切,值得推广.     

青年男性雄激素性秃发与动脉粥样硬化的相关性及机制研究

目的分析雄激素性秃发与动脉粥样硬化之间的相关性;探讨雄激素性秃发与动脉粥样硬化之间相关性的可能机制。方法采用病例对照研究方法,比较雄激素性秃发患者与健康对照者血压（BP）、体重指数（BMI）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）、空腹血糖（FPG）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）等动脉粥样硬化危险因素,超声前臂反应性充血试验（FMD）、脉搏波传导速度（PWV）、大动脉顺应性／小动脉顺应性（C1／C2）,外周血中内皮祖细胞的数量、培养7d后的内皮祖细胞迁移和粘附能力等,分析雄激素性秃发与动脉粥样硬化之间的相关性及其相关性的可能机制。结果雄激素性秃发患者BMI、BP、TC、LDL—C、TC／HDL-C、LDL-C及PWV较无秃发的健康体检者均明显增高,FMD、外周血内皮祖细胞的数量以及体外的迁移、粘附能力明显降低。结论青年男性雄激素性秃发与动脉粥样硬化存在明显相关性;外周血中内皮祖细胞的数量和功能减低引起的血管内皮功能下降可能是青年男性雄激素性秃发与动脉粥样硬化相关性的机制。     

膀胱镜联合肾镜治疗多发性膀胱结石

目的 探讨通过碎石镜（输尿管镜或肾镜）置人膀胱镜外鞘治疗多发性膀胱结石的可行性。方法将膀胱镜外鞘置入尿道，再用碎石镜通过膀胱镜外鞘进行气压弹道碎石取石。结果30例患者膀胱结石完全击碎并取出，平均手术时间30min，无明显并发症发生。结论经膀胱镜外鞘进行碎石取石是安全可靠的，值得推广。     

左氧氟沙星注射液致静脉炎因素分析

目的探讨左氧氟沙星注射液致静脉炎的因素。方法将900例左氧氟沙星静脉滴注患者随机分为9组,每组100例。即药物不同浓度组:0.2mg加100ml液体组、0.2mg加150ml液体组、0.2mg加200ml液体组;液体不同温度组:35℃组、30℃组、20℃组;不同滴速组:51～60滴/min组、41～50滴/min组、31～40滴/min组。并将每项因素带入多元线性回归方程,计算与静脉炎发生的关系。结果左氧氟沙星0.2mg加100ml液体、51～60滴/min、20℃的液体与静脉炎的发生呈正相关,上述3种情况下左氧氟沙星注射液易引发静脉炎的发生。结论左氧氟沙星静脉滴注时注意药物浓度、滴速和液体的温度,可防止静脉炎的发生。