适量运动对心房颤动患者预后的影响:系统综述与Meta分析

目的 分析适量运动对于心房颤动(房颤)患者的运动能力以及远期临床预后的影响。方法 通过检索中国知网,万方,维普,Pubmed,OVID,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL),web of science数据库,纳入对房颤患者进行适量体育活动干预的临床试验。本研究的主要终点为静息心率,最大心率,6 min步行试验,最大运动功率,全因死亡率以及卒中发生率,用以评估适量运动对房颤患者活动耐力以及预后的影响。结果 本研究共纳入7项试验,2 452例患者,试验组为适量运动干预组,对照组为不活跃组。适量运动并不会显著增加患者的静息心率(MD=-1.68,P=0.70)以及最大心率(RD=9.72,P=0.11)。运动训练可显著提高房颤患者的运动能力,明显增加6 min步行距离(MD=59.07,95%CI=11.70-106.44,P<0.05),并且在一定程度上提高运动功率(MD=17.96,95%CI=-6.30-42.22,P=0.15)。适量运动对房颤患者的远期预后不会造成不良影响,适量运动组对比不活跃组,全因死亡率为15.7% vs 14.2%(RD=0.03,95%CI=-0.18-0.25,P=0.75);卒中发生率5.0% vs 2.9%(RD=0.02,95%CI=-0.06-0.09,P=0.69),两组差异无统计学意义。结论 适量运动可在一定程度上提高房颤患的活动耐力,且不增加卒中以及全因死亡率。     

宫腔镜输卵管插管通液术在输卵管性不孕诊治中的应用

目的探讨宫腔镜下输卵管插管通液术对输卵管通畅度诊断的价值以及对输卵管通而不畅治疗的作用。方法 2009年1～12月120例不孕者（233条输卵管）经子宫输卵管造影术（hysterosalpingography,HSG）诊断为输卵管通而不畅214条,近端阻塞或未显影19条,宫腔镜输卵管插管通液来进一步诊断和治疗。结果 HSG诊断214条输卵管通而不畅,宫腔镜下输卵管插管通液诊断142条通而不畅,63条通畅,9条阻塞;HSG诊断19条输卵管近端阻塞或未显影,宫腔镜下输卵管插管通液诊断10条不通,5条通畅,4条通而不畅。146条（76例）输卵管通而不畅经通液治疗1～3次后,通畅110条（57例）,通而不畅36条（19例）,插管治疗治愈率75.3%（110/146）,病例治愈率75.0%（57/76）。对治疗后通畅的57例术后随访1年,术后1年内受孕率57.9%（33/57）,分娩率54.4%（31/57）;治疗后输卵管通而不畅的19例建议行宫、腹腔镜联合检查。结论宫腔镜下输卵管插管通液术对输卵管性不孕的诊断和通而不畅的治疗是安全、经济而有效的。     

Focus超声刀在甲状腺手术中甲状旁腺的功能保护及对术后血钙水平的影响

目的探讨Focus超声刀在甲状腺手术中的应用及其对甲状旁腺的功能保护作用,以及围手术期患者血钙水平的变化。方法选取本院2010年5月至2011年5月实施的甲状腺手术226例,采用传统手术方式,设为对照组;选取2011年6月至2012年6月实施的甲状腺手术250例,应用Focus超声刀实施手术,设为观察组。比较两组患者的手术效果与效率,术前、术后3天血清甲状旁腺素、血钙及血磷水平,观察甲状旁腺功能损伤患者治疗及随访结果。结果两组患者手术过程均比较顺利,无术中及住院期间死亡病例,术后病理诊断均与临床诊断一致;观察组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、平均住院时间均少于（或短于）对照组（P〈0．01或P〈O．05）;观察组低钙血症、血钙下降的发生率均低于对照组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。术前两组患者血清甲状旁腺素、血钙、血磷比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;术后,对照组血清甲状旁腺素、血钙水平降低,血磷水平升高（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,表明对照组患者甲状旁腺功能损伤;观察组患者手术前后甲状旁腺功能比较稳定。术后3月内,所有甲状旁腺功能损伤患者均恢复至正常范围,无永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的发生。结论Focus超声刀在甲状腺手术中对甲状旁腺具有较好的保护作用,术中组织分离、止血效果确切,损伤较小．术后患者血清甲状旁腺功能指标稳定,恢复较快,是目前比较优化的一种手术措施。     

Multiresidue Determination of Organophorous Pesticides in Camellia Oil by Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Followed by GC-FPD

A novel analytical approach has been developed and evaluated for the quantitative analysis of 15 organophorous pesticides residues in camellia oils. The proposed methodology is based on acetonitrile/water (3:1, V/V) extraction, followed by matrix solid-phase dispersion, using aminopropyl as dispersant material. Then gas chromatography-flame photometric detection was applied for the pesticide residue analysis. The optimal sorbent quantity was studied. The results demonstrated that the method achieved acceptable quantitative recoveries of 71.5 %–104.2 % with relative standard deviations <19 %, and the method limit of detection at or below the regulatory maximum residue limits for the pesticides were achieved.     

Chitosan based micro- and nanoparticles for colon-targeted delivery of vancomycin prepared by alternative processing methods

The aim of this work was to prepare chitosan (CH) based particulate formulations for colon delivery of vancomycin (VM). Chitosan microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with VM were prepared using different CH/tripolyphosphate (TPP) molar ratios and different technological processes. In particular, nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation and freeze-drying to recover these particles, or, alternatively, by spray-drying method. Microparticles were prepared using a different spray-dryer. Micro- and nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size distributions by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), while encapsulation and drug loading efficiencies were studied using a dialysis method. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to determine the surface composition of the micro- and nanoparticles respectively, and the morphologies of the developed systems were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Water uptake as well as drug release profiles were also measured. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive model strain, was evaluated. FT-IR results suggested an electrostatic interaction between VM and CH/TPP particles. Moreover, the particles were found to hold a positive zeta-potential, indicating the presence of CH on the particle surfaces. Particle size and encapsulation efficiency were mainly influenced by the different manufacturing processes employed. Nanoparticles obtained by spray-drying showed the best results in terms of water uptake and drug release rate. Moreover, they showed a good bactericidal activity against S. aureus.     

载三氧化二砷脑胶质瘤靶向纳米递药系统i RGD/TGN-PEG-PAMAM/ATO的构建及体外研究

目的以树状大分子为载体材料并修饰血脑屏障(blood brain barrier,BBB)靶向短肽TGN和肿瘤靶向短肽i RGD构建脑胶质瘤靶向递药系统(i RGD/TGN-PEG-PAMAM/ATO),旨在解决三氧化二砷(arsenictrioxide,As2O3,ATO)在治疗脑胶质瘤过程中分布缺乏特异性、透BBB难等问题,使其具有更好抗脑胶质瘤作用。方法核磁共振图谱(1H-NMR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等考察载体的理化性质;电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP)、透析袋法分析其包封率及体外释放情况;通过激光共聚焦及流式细胞仪分析i RGD、TGN对细胞摄取的影响;MTT法考察纳米载体对脑微血管内皮细胞(HBMEC)和脑胶质瘤U87细胞的毒性及BBB模型中递药系统抑制U87细胞生长的情况。结果成功合成了i RGD/TGN-PEG-PAMAM载体,其形态规整,大小均匀,测得其粒径(24.87±0.84)nm,电位(17.26±1.64)m V;该载体对HBMEC和U87细胞均具有较小的毒性;递药系统i RGD/TGN-PEG-PAMAM/ATO的包封率为(71.92±1.17)%,体外释放表明ATO经载体包载后呈现一种缓慢释放趋势,且在酸性条件下更有利于ATO的释放;细胞摄取结果提示iRGD/TGN的修饰有利于U87细胞对递药系统的摄取;体外跨BBB抑制U87细胞生长实验结果表明,i RGD/TGN-PEG-PAMAM/ATO组具有更好的跨BBB抑制U87细胞生长效果。结论 i RGD/TGN-PEG-PAMAM/ATO脑胶质瘤靶向递药系统具有较好的体外跨BBB抑制U87细胞生长的效果,为脑胶质瘤治疗提供了新的策略。     

干蟾皮药材中华蟾酥毒基的含量测定

目的建立了干蟾皮中华蟾酥毒基的含量测定方法。方法色谱法：采用Waters Xbridge C18反相色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm）;流动相：0.5%磷酸二氢钠溶液∶乙腈（52∶48）加磷酸调pH 3.2;检测波长为294 nm;流速：1 mL/min;柱温为室温。结果华蟾酥毒基在进样量2.5~15.0μg（r=0.9999）范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程y=-4×107x-10 196（r=0.9999）;溶液精密度、重复性均良好;在12 h内测定,其稳定性最佳;溶液加样回收实验考察得平均回收率为97.4%,RSD=2.8%。5批干蟾皮药材的含量分别为0.012、0.009、0.013、0.011、0.007 mg/g,平均含量为0.010 mg/g。结论本方法建立的色谱条件科学、快速、稳定,可作为干蟾皮药材内在质量的控制方法。     

Clinicopathological significance of PD-L1 expression in colorectal cancer: Impact of PD-L1 expression on pFOXO1 expression

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of PD-L1 expression and its impact on phospho-Forkhead box O 1 (pFOXO1) expression in colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsImmunohistochemical analysis for PD-L1 and pFOXO1 was performed on 265 human CRC tissues. PD-L1 expression was evaluated in the tumor and immune cells. The impact of PD-L1 expression on survival was investigated in relation to the pattern of pFOXO1 expression.ResultsPD-L1 was expressed in 25 (9.4%) and 41 (17.7%) patients in the tumor and immune cells of the 265 CRC tissues, respectively. PD-L1 expression in immune cells (I-PD-L1) was significantly correlated with less lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis and lower pT and pTNM stages. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between PD-L1 expression in tumor cells (T-PD-L1) and tumor location (right colon), but not the other clinicopathological characteristics. pFOXO1 expression was significantly lower in CRC with high I-PD-L1 expression than in CRC with low or negative I-PD-L1 expression. However, there was no significant correlation between pFOXO1 and T-PD-L1 expression in CRC. Patients with positive pFOXO1 and low or negative I-PD-L1 expression exhibited the worst survival among patients with CRC.ConclusionCollectively, our results indicate that I-PD-L1 expression was significantly correlated with favorable tumor behaviors and better survival. In addition, patients with high I-PD-L1 and low pFOXO1 expressions had a favorable prognosis than those with other I-PD-L1 and pFOXO1 expression patterns.     

茶多酚片辅助化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察

目的:观察茶多酚片辅助化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效。方法:将2011年2月-2013年2月收治的晚期NSCLC患者按照随机数字表法分为联合组和化疗组,各60例。化疗组实施化疗方案,联合组在此基础上加用茶多酚片。对两组患者一般资料、近期疗效、生存率和复发率、治疗后生活质量和免疫功能变化、毒性反应进行比较。结果:两组患者一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);近期疗效比较,联合组优于化疗组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);生存率联合组优于化疗组,复发率联合组低于化疗组,差异均有统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后生活质量联合组优于化疗组,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗前后免疫功能变化,同组治疗前后比较,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者毒副反应比较,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:茶多酚片辅助化疗方案治疗晚期NSCLC安全、有效。     

氢氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗进展型脑梗死临床观察

目的：探讨氢氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗进展型脑梗死的疗效。方法：180例进展型脑梗死患者随机分为两组,对照组90例给予阿司匹林片100 mg,po qd,试验组90例给予硫酸氢氯吡格雷片75 mg,po qd,阿司匹林片100 mg,po qd。15 d后观察两组患者临床疗效,比较两组患者神经功能改善情况和药品不良反应。结果：治疗后,试验组神经功能缺损评分较前降低（P〈0.05）,且明显低于同期对照组（P〈0.05）。试验组总有效率88.9%,高于对照组的66.7%（P〈0.05）。两组不良发应发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：氢氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗进展型脑梗死效果显著,能显著促进患者神经功能的恢复。