肿瘤坏死因子-α-308基因对导管相关性脓毒症患者病情的影响

目的探究肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumornecrosis factor-α,TNF-α)-308基因对导管相关性脓毒症(Catheter related sepsis,CRS)患者病情的影响,旨在为临床治疗CRS提供科学依据。方法选取2017年7月-2018年10月于浙江大学医学院附属杭州市第一人民医院接受治疗的86例CRS患者为研究对象,按照是否并发多器官功能障碍综合征将患者分为试验组和对照组,对照组共48例,未并发多器官功能障碍综合征,试验组共38例,并发多器官功能障碍综合征,分析两组患者TNF-α-308基因多态性差异,使用多因素Logistic回归分析CRS患者并发多器官功能障碍综合征的危险因素。结果试验组GA基因型频率34.21%、AA基因型频率50.00%、高G等位基因频率18.42%均高于对照组,GG基因型频率52.63%、A等位基因频率28.95%均低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,低GG基因型频率、低G等位基因频率、高GA基因型频率、高AA基因型频率、高A等位基因频率是CRS患者并发多器官功能障碍综合征的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论TNF-α-308基因与CRS患者病情密切相关,GG基因型频率和G等位基因频率降低,GA基因型频率、AA基因型频率、A等位基因频率升高会加重患者的病情,增加多器官功能障碍综合征的发生风险,临床上应该加以重视。     

Predictive monitoring in neonates

Premature infants are physiologically immature and are particularly vulnerable to systemic illnesses. Instability of vital signs related to immaturity of organ systems are common but may also represent early manifestations of serious illness. While vital signs are frequently or continuously monitored in critically unwell neonates, changes in these parameters are subtle in the early phase of illness such as sepsis and difficult to interpret using traditional neonatal monitoring tools. Recent advances in identifying trends and patterns of vital signs in the pre-clinical phase of the illness, particularly in the field of heart rate characteristics monitoring has opened up the potential to improve outcomes through rapid and timely investigations and early intervention. This article reviews the current evidence in predictive monitoring of neonates and discusses potential clinical implications.     

Challenging infections in pregnancy

Maternal sepsis is “a life-threatening condition defined as organ dysfunction resulting from infection during pregnancy, childbirth, post-abortion, or postpartum period.” (World Health Organisation, 2017). Serious infection during, or immediately after, pregnancy may go initially unrecognized in an otherwise young and healthy group, who nevertheless do have a compromized immune system. Secondly, whilst malaise, flushes, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain are common in pregnancy, each can herald sepsis with rapid demise for mother and baby. The MBRRACE-UK report in 2017¹ found an overall sepsis-related maternal mortality rate of 0.56 per 100,000 maternities with a mortality rate from genital tract sepsis of 0.28 per 100,000 maternities. This review will focus on the major causes, recognition, differentiation and microbiological management of sepsis in pregnancy, using two detailed cases to illustrate.     

化瘀解毒汤对脓毒血症APACHEⅡ评分、ISTH DIC评分及外周血树突状细胞表面物质表达水平的影响

目的探讨化瘀解毒汤对脓毒血症患者APACHEⅡ评分、ISTH DIC评分及外周血树突状细胞表面物质表达水平的影响。方法将66例脓毒症患者随机分为对照组和化瘀解毒组,每组33例。对照组给予抗感染、补充血容量、积极治疗原发疾病、吸氧等综合治疗,化瘀解毒组在上述基础上加用化瘀解毒汤治疗,每日1剂,持续治疗2周。检测血清炎症因子[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、降钙素原(PCT)]水平变化,应用急性生理与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)、DIC评分评估脓毒症患者病情严重程度,应用流式细胞仪分析树突状细胞相关表面分子CD80、CD83、CD86表达情况,比较临床疗效。结果与治疗前比较,两组血清IL-6、TNF-α、PCT水平均降低(P<0.01),APACHEⅡ评分、ISTH DIC评分均降低(P<0.01),CD80、CD86水平均降低(P<0.01),CD83水平无差异(P>0.05);与对照组比较,化瘀解毒组血清IL-6、TNF-α、PCT水平均较低(P<0.01),APACHEⅡ评分、ISTH DIC评分均较低(P<0.01),CD80、CD86水平均较低(P<0.01),总有效率较高(P<0.01)。结论化瘀解毒汤辅助治疗脓毒血症疗效显著,可有效降低APACHEⅡ评分、ISTH DIC评分,可能与调节外周血树突状细胞表面物质表达有关。     

创伤后脓毒症的治疗进展

创伤感染所导致的脓毒症及其它并发症是临床治疗的难点，笔者对脓毒症近年来的治疗进展加以综述。     

Transient low level of IgG3 induced by sepsis

Staphylococcus aureus sepsis developed in a 14 year old girl. Immunological evaluation revealed low level of IgG3, although total IgG level was normal. The level of IgG3 increased gradually along with the recovery from sepsis. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy might have been useful in this patient, even though the total immunoglobulin level was within normal limits.     

腹部重症脓毒症老年患者术后T淋巴细胞亚群的变化

目的探讨重症脓毒症患者免疫治疗及各免疫指标的变化对严重脓毒症患者预后的影响。方法将20例腹部无明显感染的患者、20例腹部脓毒症患者不伴器官功能障碍、18例腹部严重脓毒症及脓毒性休克患者分为A、B、C组,A组术前及A、B、C组术后第1、3、7天,各抽取外周静脉血5ml于肝素管内,分别测定T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8)。同时记录生命体征的变化和预后转归。结果A、B、C三组在术后1、3天,CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8均下降,C组下降明显,与A、B组比较,差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05),术后第7天A、B、C组(病情好转者)均上升,C组恶化者CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8持续低下,与A、B、C组(病情好转者)比较,差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论手术对T淋巴细胞CD3、CD4抑制明显,术后1、3天抑制明显,7天明显上升至正常。对于术后脓毒症不伴器官功能障碍者对T淋巴细胞亚群影响不大,其变化与手术对机体免疫功能的变化一致。对于术后重症脓毒症及脓毒性休克患者IgA、IgM、IgG,C3、C4及T淋巴细胞亚群CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8明显降低,且随病情恶化,持续在较低水平。     

Chronological changes in the complement system in sepsis

The time courses of serum complement levels and the severity of sepsis were compared in two groups of septic patients, one in which the patients survived (surviving group) and one in which they did not (nonsurviving group). The components of the complement system, namely, C3a, C4a, C5a, CH50, C3, C4, and C5, were measured at several points in time after the diagnosis of sepsis had been established. A 2-antibody radioimmunoassay was used to measure C3a, C4a, and C5a; the latex agglutination test was used to measure C3 and C4; nephelometry was used to measure C5; and Meyer's 50% hemolysis method was used to measure CH50. Following the diagnosis of sepsis, the levels of CH50, C3, and C4 were significantly lower in the nonsurviving than the surviving group, while the levels of C3a and C4a were significantly higher in the nonsurviving than the surviving group. The C5a levels were significantly higher in the nonsurviving than the surviving group, although no significant intergroup differences were subsequently noted. These results suggest that the serum levels of C3a, C4a, C5a, CH50, C3, and C4 could serve as indices of the severity of sepsis. Thus, monitoring the complement system may be useful for predicting the outcome of patients with sepsis.