儿童孟氏骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨儿童孟氏骨折的手术治疗方法及疗效.方法1995年7月～2004年6月,收治31例儿童孟氏骨折,合并桡神经深支损伤7例,尺神经损伤1例,受伤时间1天～12个月,平均40天,所有病例均接受手术治疗,进行尺骨解剖复位、坚强内固定、环状韧带修复重建并以克氏针固定肱桡关节,受累神经探查减压.结果术后石膏托固定6周后,拔除克氏针,开始进行肘关节及前臂功能锻炼.所有病例均获随访6个月至8年,平均4.2年,按李汉民等所制定标准进行肘关节功能评定,优25例,良4例,可1例,差1例,优良率93.6%.结论儿童孟氏骨折应积极尽早进行手术治疗,行肘关节解剖复位、坚强内固定、环状韧带重建修复并固定肘桡关节,受累神经探查减压、早期功能锻炼,可获得满意的疗效.     

电视硬质气管镜治疗大气道良性肿瘤

目的探讨电视硬质气管镜在大气道良性肿瘤治疗中的价值.方法2002年9月～2005年4月,我院应用电视硬质气管镜治疗大气道良性肿瘤7例,其中气管1例,隆突1例,左主支气管3例,右主支气管2例.手术采用静脉全身麻醉,喷射通气供氧,探查评估气道后,首先冷冻或电凝肿瘤,破坏肿瘤血供,再以活检钳分块取出,蒂部采用冷冻或氩气凝固处理;对于宽蒂肿瘤,内镜下将肿瘤主体清除后中转开胸行气管局部切除吻合术.结果7例手术均顺利,无一例死亡和严重并发症发生.6例气管窄蒂良性肿瘤镜下完整摘除,1例气管膜部宽蒂平滑肌瘤先内镜清除肿瘤主体后中转开胸行气管局部切除.术后病理为错构瘤2例,平滑肌瘤3例,嗜酸性肉芽肿性腺瘤1例,炎症组织1例.7例随访3～36个月,平均17.3月,无肿瘤复发.结论电视硬质气管镜治疗大气道良性肿瘤安全可靠.     

Ilizarov技术矫正儿童僵硬型马蹄内翻足畸形

[目的]探讨Ilizarov技术矫正僵硬性马蹄内翻足畸形的方法和效果。[方法]作者在2000年3月～2005年3月间，使用Ilizarov技术矫正9例11足重度僵硬性马蹄内翻足畸形，将连接于胫骨、跟骨、跖骨的外固定环互相连接、组合成复杂的三维外固定架，通过逐渐调整外固定架矫正畸形，从而使患足达到或接近正常足的外形和功能。[结果]按Garceau标准评定疗效，优6足，良4足，差1足。[结论]Ilizarov外固定架三维矫正马蹄内翻足畸形效果确实，尤其适用于大年龄儿童之僵硬、复发或难治性马蹄内翻足，有一定的临床应用价值。     

Measurement of axial edge lift of rigid corneal lenses*

A simple but reliable method was used to measure the axial edge lift at the total diameter over a range of back optic zone radii of several proprietary designs of rigid gas-permeable corneal lens. One of these was found to have a constant axial edge lift construction.     

Flexible versus rigid endoscopes for outpatient hysteroscopy: a prospective randomized clinical trial

To evaluate patient acceptance, optical properties and the clinical feasibility of flexible compared with rigid hysteroscopes, 142 patients undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy were included in a prospective, randomized clinical trial. The flexible hysteroscope was used in 70 patients, and the rigid instrument in 72. At different stages of the hysteroscopy the level of pain experienced by the women was assessed using a 10 cm visual analogue scale. Optical properties characterized by the parameters intrauterine visibility, hysteroscopic view and diagnostic accuracy were ranked by the surgeons using a 5-point scale (1 = excellent to 5 = insufficient), and duration of the hysteroscopy was measured. Hysteroscopy was successful in 87.5 and 100% of patients in the flexible and rigid groups respectively. With the use of rigid telescopes, discomfort at introduction and during the hysteroscopy was significantly greater (median 1.7 versus 0.7, P = 0.003; 3.1 versus 1.2, P < 0.001 respectively), but optical properties were judged to be far superior (P < 0.001 for all three comparisons) and procedure time was significantly shorter (median 70 versus 120 s, P = 0.003). In conclusion, outpatient hysteroscopy seems to be less painful when using flexible telescopes. However, rigid hysteroscopes provide superior optical qualities and permit a more rapid performance with higher success rates at much lower cost.     

A comprehensive non‐invasive framework for automated evaluation of acute renal transplant rejection using DCE‐MRI

The objective was to develop a novel and automated comprehensive framework for the non‐invasive identification and classification of kidney non‐rejection and acute rejection transplants using 2D dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI). The proposed approach consists of four steps. First, kidney objects are segmented from the surrounding structures with a geometric deformable model. Second, a non‐rigid registration approach is employed to account for any local kidney deformation. In the third step, the cortex of the kidney is extracted in order to determine dynamic agent delivery, since it is the cortex that is primarily affected by the perfusion deficits that underlie the pathophysiology of acute rejection. Finally, we use an analytical function‐based model to fit the dynamic contrast agent kinetic curves in order to determine possible rejection candidates. Five features that map the data from the original data space to the feature space are chosen with a k‐nearest‐neighbor (KNN) classifier to distinguish between acute rejection and non‐rejection transplants. Our study includes 50 transplant patients divided into two groups: 27 patients with stable kidney function and the remainder with impaired kidney function. All of the patients underwent DCE‐MRI, while the patients in the impaired group also underwent ultrasound‐guided fine needle biopsy. We extracted the kidney objects and the renal cortex from DCE‐MRI for accurate medical evaluation with an accuracy of 0.97 ± 0.02 and 0.90 ± 0.03, respectively, using the Dice similarity metric. In a cohort of 50 participants, our framework classified all cases correctly (100%) as rejection or non‐rejection transplant candidates, which is comparable to the gold standard of biopsy but without the associated deleterious side‐effects. Both the 95% confidence interval (CI) statistic and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis document the ability to separate rejection and non‐rejection groups. The average plateau (AP) signal magnitude and the gamma‐variate model functional parameter α have the best individual discriminating characteristics. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

What Factors Predict Patient Dissatisfaction After Contemporary Medial Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy?

BackgroundAlthough current advances in surgical techniques have improved outcomes of the medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO), the factors associated with patient dissatisfaction remain unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify risk factors for patient dissatisfaction following contemporary MOWHTO.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected data on 140 consecutive MOWHTO patients using an anatomical locking plate with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Patient demographics, pain Visual Analogue Scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade, activity level, articular cartilage and meniscal status, hip-knee-ankle angle, change in alignment, and postoperative weight-bearing line ratio were recorded. Patients were categorized using the New Knee Society Score into satisfied (satisfaction score ≥20) or dissatisfied (satisfaction score <20) groups. Patient and surgical factors were compared between the groups by the identified predictors. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze risk factors, including K-L grade IV medial osteoarthritis (OA), preoperative pain Visual Analogue Scale, total Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score, postoperative hip-knee-ankle angle, change in alignment, and partial meniscectomy.ResultsOf the 140 patients, 24 (17.1%) were dissatisfied with their results. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that only K-L grade IV medial OA was statistically associated with patient dissatisfaction following MOWHTO (odds ratio 4.911, 95% confidence interval 1.820-13.256, P < .01).ConclusionSevere medial OA was an independent risk factor for dissatisfaction following contemporary MOWHTO using a rigid locking plate. Surgeons should take this into consideration when counseling and choosing surgical options in MOWHTO candidates with severe medial OA.Level of EvidenceLevel III.     

Sutural growth restriction and modern human facial evolution: an experimental study in a pig model

Facial size reduction and facial retraction are key features that distinguish modern humans from archaic Homo. In order to more fully understand the emergence of modern human craniofacial form, it is necessary to understand the underlying evolutionary basis for these defining characteristics. Although it is well established that the cranial base exerts considerable influence on the evolutionary and ontogenetic development of facial form, less emphasis has been placed on developmental factors intrinsic to the facial skeleton proper. The present analysis was designed to assess anteroposterior facial reduction in a pig model and to examine the potential role that this dynamic has played in the evolution of modern human facial form. Ten female sibship cohorts, each consisting of three individuals, were allocated to one of three groups. In the experimental group (n = 10), microplates were affixed bilaterally across the zygomaticomaxillary and frontonasomaxillary sutures at 2 months of age. The sham group (n = 10) received only screw implantation and the controls (n = 10) underwent no surgery. Following 4 months of post‐surgical growth, we assessed variation in facial form using linear measurements and principal components analysis of Procrustes scaled landmarks. There were no differences between the control and sham groups; however, the experimental group exhibited a highly significant reduction in facial projection and overall size. These changes were associated with significant differences in the infraorbital region of the experimental group including the presence of an infraorbital depression and an inferiorly and coronally oriented infraorbital plane in contrast to a flat, superiorly and sagittally infraorbital plane in the control and sham groups. These altered configurations are markedly similar to important additional facial features that differentiate modern humans from archaic Homo, and suggest that facial length restriction via rigid plate fixation is a potentially useful model to assess the developmental factors that underlie changing patterns in craniofacial form associated with the emergence of modern humans.     

一种新型面罩联合 Storz 硬质支气管镜在小儿气管支气管异物取出术中的应用

目的：评价使用一种新型面罩联合 Storz 硬质支气管镜在小儿支气管异物取出术中的有效性和安全性。方法选择行气管及支气管异物取出术的患者60例随机分成两组：实验组30例和对照组30例,（实验组,新型面罩联合 Storz 硬质支气管镜;对照组,Storz 硬质支气管镜）。两组均实施小剂量短效肌松剂的全身麻醉,观察患者术中 SPO2变化情况及控制呼吸给氧次数,并记录麻醉前（T0）、支气管镜进入气管前（T1）、支气管镜进入气管后1 min（T2）、支气管镜进入气管后3 min（T3）、支气管镜进入气管后5 min（T4）及术毕退出支气管镜后（T5）患者的血压、心率和手术所用时间及并发症。结果组间各时点患者的血压及心率变化不大（P ＞0．05）,组内各时点患者的血压及心率比较有统计学差异（P ＜0．05）;术中暂停手术行控制呼吸给氧次数及手术时间,实验组与对照组比较有统计学差异（P ＜0．05）。结论该新型面罩联合 Storz 硬质支气管镜控制呼吸用于小儿支气管异物取出术,不仅能维持良好的血氧饱和度,保证麻醉的安全性,而且还为手术提供良好的操作条件,值得临床推广。     

基于循环一致生成对抗网络的多模态影像刚性配准

目的:采用循环一致生成对抗网络(CycleGAN)方法在保证医学影像刚性配准精度的同时,降低图像配准的时间以及训练数据获取难度。方法:首先对训练数据进行标准化与归一化,同时对图像进行重采样与剪裁,去除多余的空气部分。其次采用阈值法与扫描线法获取图像的外轮廓信息,基于CycleGAN建立两个生成器与两个判别器,生成器输入配准图像对和输出配准结果,判别器输入配准图像对和输出配准程度。在原始CycleGAN损失函数基础上,增加轮廓损失项,以约束网络训练方向,提高收敛速度。结果:选取75例腹部病例,其中65例作为训练数据集,10例作为测试数据集,配准结果与配准软件Elastix对比。计算测试图像集外轮廓Dice系数,配准前图像对的平均Dice系数为0.858,Elastix配准后的平均Dice系数为0.926,本方法配准后的平均Dice系数为0.925。配准时间上Elastix的平均配准时间为12.1 s,本研究方法的平均配准时间为0.04 s,加速比达到302。结论:本方法在保证图像配准精度的同时极大降低了图像配准所需的时间,提高了配准流程工作效率。除此之外,与其他深度学习网络相比,本方法不需要真实配准结果以及传统相似性测度。