复合膳食纤维对大鼠体内脂质过氧化作用的影响

制备复合膳食纤维 (dietaryfiber,DF) ,并分别探讨复合、混合及三种单一的DF对高脂血症大鼠体内脂质过氧化作用的影响。选健康、断乳Wistar大鼠 6 4只 ,按体重随机分为 8组 ,用高脂饲料诱发高脂血症的同时 ,分别添加 10 %的DF :纤维素 (B组 )、果胶 (C组 )、海藻酸钠 (D组 )、纤维素 -果胶复合物 (E组 )、纤维素 -海藻酸钠复合物 (F组 )、纤维素 -果胶混合物 (G组 )、纤维素 -海藻酸钠混合物 (H组 ) ,以单纯的高脂饲料组为对照组 (A组 ) ,观察各种DF对大鼠的生长发育及脂质过氧化作用的影响。结果显示 :1、添加 10 %的各种DF不影响大鼠的生长发育。 2、各种DF皆可显著升高血清超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) (P <0 0 1)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)活性 (P <0 0 1) ,降低丙二醛 (MDA)水平 (P <0 0 5 ,B、D组除外 ) ,提高红细胞膜的流动性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,以复合物、混合物效果为明显。 3、各种DF可不同程度地增加粪重和粪脂排出量 (P <0 0 5 ,D组除外 ) ,以复合物、混合物为明显。提示各种DF皆可不同程度地降低大鼠体内脂质过氧化作用 ,提高红细胞膜的流动性 ,其中可溶性DF效果优于不可溶性DF ,而复合、混合DF的效果又优于单一的DF ,且以复合物效果为佳     

豆渣纤维的降脂作用及对血液流变学影响的研究

以ＳＤ大鼠为对象，研究了豆渣纤维对高胆固醇膳动物脂质代谢和血流变性的影响，并与果胶和纯纤维素进行比较，结果表明：８周实验后，豆渣与果胶组动物的血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）显著降低，但豆渣组的血脂水平比果胶组更低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。而纯纤维素组未显出降脂作用。各组大鼠的甘油三醋（ＴＧ）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）也无明显变化。实验同时表明，６％的豆渣纤维与果胶均可使高脂大鼠的血粘度及血小板聚集率降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），且前者优于后者。相关分析显示，血脂与血流变学指标间存在显著相关性（Ｐ＜０．０５），其中ＴＣ与ＬＤＬ－Ｃ是影响血流变性的重要因素。６％的以上各种纤维摄入量均不影响大鼠的摄食量与生长。     

Activating effect of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tanacetum vulgare</Emphasis> L. pectin polysaccharide on ionic channels of neuronal membrane

The membranotropic effects of TVF tanacetan pectin polysaccharide derived from Tanacetum vulgare L. was studied by the voltage-clamp method on isolated neurons of Lymnaea stagnalis mollusk. TVF in concentrations of 0.1-10.0 µg/ml nonselectively activated the outward potassium and total inward (sodium and calcium) ionic currents (slightly dose-dependently and reversibly increased their amplitude by 5–10%) and decreased nonspecific leakage current.Translated from Byulleten Eksperimentalnoi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 138, No. 10, pp. 439–441, October, 2004     

魔芋精粉与几种常用膳食纤维降血脂效果比较及机理探讨

用含胆固醇1％、胆盐0.25％、猪油5％的高脂饲料喂饲健康雄性大鼠,诱发高脂血症的同时分别加入5％的魔芋精粉、果胶、褐藻胶及琼脂,观察此四种膳食纤维对大鼠生长、血清脂质含量、肝脏脂质含量及肝脏组织病理的不同影响,并通过测定粪中酸性固醇的排泄量来观察它们对胆汁酸代谢的影响。结果表明:1)四种膳食纤维均能有效地降低进食高脂膳食大鼠的空腹血清总胆固醇含量,对空腹血甘油三酯水平无影响;2)魔芋精粉能较其余三种膳食纤维更有效地降低肝脏组织脂质含量,包括胆固醇及甘油三酯。肝组织病理学检查亦显示魔芋精粉减轻肝脂变效果最佳;3)四种膳食纤维均能增加粪中胆汁酸尤其是鹅脱氧胆酸的排泄量,推测这可能是它们降低机体脂质的机理之一;4)四种膳食纤维在5％摄入水平对大鼠摄食及生长无不良影响。     

Dietary fibers reduce the urinary excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene following intravenous administration of pyrene.

During biological monitoring of exposure to a chemical, a possible source of interindividual variability in the measurement of a urinary metabolite that undergoes enterohepatic cycling is the presence of dietary fiber in the gastrointestinal tract. This study examined the effect of diets containing either the insoluble fiber Alphacel (nonnutritive bulk cellulose) or the soluble pectin (from citrus fruit, MW 20,000-40,000). Five groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats received one of the following diets: poor (5% w/w) or rich (15% w/w) in Alphacel, poor (5% w/w) or rich (15% w/w) in pectin, or no fiber (NF). Five micromol/kg of pyrene was administered by iv injection immediately after feeding the animals with their respective diet, and urine and feces collections started for the determination of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), a metabolite of pyrene. The type of fiber had no influence on the results. The rats receiving diets both poor and rich in fiber excreted less 1-OHP (18 +/- 8 and 15 +/- 7 pmol per g of rat, respectively) in the 24-h urine samples than the NF group (28 +/- 6 pmol/g). There was a nonstatistically significant trend towards increased fecal and total (urinary + fecal) 1-OHP excretion with increasing amount of fiber in the diet. An in vitro experiment showed an inverse correlation (r(2) = 0.98) between the amount of Alphacel in suspension in a 1-OHP aqueous solution and the recovery of 1-OHP from the soluble fraction. The reduction in urinary output of the metabolite due to fiber reaching approximately 40% may contribute to its interindividual variability observed in occupational and environmental studies.     

Functional diversity within the simple gut microbiota of the honey bee

Animals living in social communities typically harbor a characteristic gut microbiota important for nutrition and pathogen defense. Accordingly, in the gut of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, a distinctive microbial community, composed of a taxonomically restricted set of species specific to social bees, has been identified. Despite the ecological and economical importance of honey bees and the increasing concern about population declines, the role of their gut symbionts for colony health and nutrition is unknown. Here, we sequenced the metagenome of the gut microbiota of honey bees. Unexpectedly, we found a remarkable degree of genetic diversity within the few bacterial species colonizing the bee gut. Comparative analysis of gene contents suggests that different species harbor distinct functional capabilities linked to host interaction, biofilm formation, and carbohydrate breakdown. Whereas the former two functions could be critical for pathogen defense and immunity, the latter one might assist nutrient utilization. In a γ-proteobacterial species, we identified genes encoding pectin-degrading enzymes likely involved in the breakdown of pollen walls. Experimental investigation showed that this activity is restricted to a subset of strains of this species providing evidence for niche specialization. Long-standing association of these gut symbionts with their hosts, favored by the eusocial lifestyle of honey bees, might have promoted the genetic and functional diversification of these bee-specific bacteria. Besides revealing insights into mutualistic functions governed by the microbiota of this important pollinator, our findings indicate that the honey bee can serve as a model for understanding more complex gut-associated microbial communities.     

阿莫西林联合果胶铋治疗胃炎的临床观察

目的 研究阿莫西林联合果胶铋治疗胃炎的临床疗效.方法 选取2011年1月-2012年12月在本院进行治疗的胃炎患者共160例,平均年龄（33.27±1.13）岁,随机将患者分为两组：治疗组采用了阿莫西林联合果胶铋治疗的方式.对照组采用了给予果胶铋和克拉霉素治疗的方式.结合对比方式进行全面研究.结果 治疗组的疗效情况明显好于对照组,P＜0.05表示差异有统计学意义.结论 运用果胶铋胶囊加阿莫西林的方法治疗慢性胃炎疗效更显著.     

不同酯化度果胶对苦豆子总碱水凝胶骨架片体外释放的影响

目的：制备苦豆子总碱水凝胶骨架结肠定位释放片，研究不同酯化度果胶对其释放行为的影响。方法：采用湿法制粒压片法制备不同酯化度果胶骨架片，分别考察其在模拟胃液、肠液中6 h释放情况，在此基础上采用Kollicoat MAE 30DP包衣，分析其在模拟胃液、肠液、盲肠液介质中的释放行为。结果：不同酯化度果胶能够明显影响其在模拟胃液、肠液中的释放。采用Kollicoat MAE 30DP包衣的低酯果胶配方E能够使苦豆子总碱中槐定碱结肠释放，近似零级释放模型，属骨架溶蚀释药机制。结论：肠溶包衣的低酯果胶骨架片靶向性强，能够使苦豆子总碱定位释放，从而提高疗效。     

修饰柑橘果胶对高脂血症大鼠脂质过氧化调节作用的研究

目的探讨修饰柑橘果胶(modified citrus pectin,MCP)对高脂血症大鼠脂质过氧化作用的研究。方法将75只普通SD大鼠根据体重随机分为5组:正常对照组、模型对照组、MCP低剂量组(100 mg/kg.d)、MCP中剂量组(400 mg/kg.d)、MCP高剂量组(800 mg/kg.d),分别于实验的第3周和第6周观察大鼠体重、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)水平的变化。结果MCP高剂量组大鼠体重明显降低,MCP低剂量组、中剂量组及高剂量组均可显著提高SOD及GSH-Px的生物活性,并可显著降低脂质过氧化产物MDA的水平。结论MCP能减轻高脂血症大鼠体重并且对高脂血症大鼠具有一定的抗氧化作用。     

低分子柑桔果胶粉对肥胖大鼠调节血脂及瘦素的研究

目的 探讨低分子柑桔果胶粉（modifled citrus pectin,MCP）对肥胖大鼠体重、血脂和瘦素水平等的影响。方法 把普通SD大鼠随机分为5组：正常对照组、高脂模型组、MCP营养干预低剂量组（100mg/kg·d灌胃）、中剂量组（400mg/（kg·d）灌胃）、高剂量组（800mg/（kg·d）灌胃）,分别于饲养的第3周、6周处死大鼠。观察大鼠体重、血清总胆固醇（TC）、血清甘油三脂（TG）、血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）、血清高密度脂蛋白胆同醇（HDL-C）和瘦素（1eptin）水平的变化。结果 以100、400、800mg/kg·d3种剂量灌胃6周均可显著降低大鼠的体重、血清TG、TC,与高脂模型组相比,中、高剂量的肝体比有显著性差异。LDL水平与高脂模型组相比,有下降趋势,但是无显著性差异,MCP营养干预各剂量组的瘦素水平与高脂模型组相比无显著性差异。结论 MCP有改善大鼠肥胖及降低高血脂水平的作用。