China special issue on gastrointestinal tumors-Radiological features of pathological complete response in mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer after neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade: A post hoc analysis of the PICC phase II trial

Neoadjuvant programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade exhibits promising efficacy in patients with mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC). However, discrepancies between radiological and histological findings have been reported in the PICC phase II trial (NCT 03926338). Therefore, we strived to discern radiological features associated with pathological complete response (pCR) based on computed tomography (CT) images. Data were obtained from the PICC trial that included 36 tumors from 34 locally advanced dMMR CRC patients, who received neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade for 3 months. Among the 36 tumors, 28 (77.8%) tumors achieved pCR. There were no statistically significant differences in tumor longitudinal diameter, the percentage change in tumor longitudinal diameter from baseline, primary tumor sidedness, clinical stage, extramural venous invasion status, intratumoral calcification, peritumoral fat infiltration, intestinal fistula and tumor necrosis between the pCR and non-pCR tumors. Otherwise, tumors with pCR had smaller posttreatment tumor maximum thickness (median: 10 mm vs 13 mm, P = .004) and higher percentage decrease in tumor maximum thickness from baseline (52.9% vs 21.6%, P = .005) compared to non-pCR tumors. Additionally, a higher proportion of the absence of vascular sign (P = .003, odds ratio [OR] = 25.870 [95% CI, 1.357-493.110]), nodular sign (P < .001, OR = 189.000 [95% CI, 10.464-3413.803]) and extramural enhancement sign (P = .003, OR = 21.667 [2.848-164.830]) was observed in tumors with pCR. In conclusion, these CT-defined radiological features may have the potential to serve as valuable tools for clinicians in identifying patients who have achieved pCR after neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade, particularly in individuals who are willing to adopt a watch-and-wait strategy.     

膀胱肿瘤切除术后尿路感染病原学和危险因素

目的观察膀胱肿瘤切除术后患者尿路感染发生情况与病原学特征,分析诱发尿路感染的危险因素,并提出合理且具备针对性的冲洗对策,为未来膀胱肿瘤切除术后尿路感染的预防提供合理参考。方法回顾性分析连云港市第一人民医院2016年1月-2019年1月接受经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗的451例膀胱肿瘤患者的临床资料,收集患者病例资料,全部患者术后均定期取尿液标本进行细菌培养,参照相关标准判定患者尿路感染情况,记录患者一般情况,包括一般人口学资料(性别、年龄、体质量、受教育程度等),同时记录患者糖尿病的疾病合并情况,将术后尿路感染可能的危险因素纳入初步分析,Logistic多因素回归分析膀胱肿瘤切除术后发生尿路感染的危险因素。结果451例膀胱肿瘤切除术患者术后第3天尿液中细菌培养阳性例数为80例,阳性率为17.74%,在使用抗菌药物后,患者尿液中细菌培养阳性率逐渐降低,各时点尿液细菌阳性培养率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经多因素Logistic回归分析检验证实,高龄、血糖水平控制不佳、术前留置导尿管、多发肿瘤是膀胱肿瘤切除术后尿路感染的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05);80例术后尿液细菌培养阳性患者共分离出87株菌株,其中革兰阴性菌66株占75.86%,革兰阳性球菌21株占24.14%。结论膀胱肿瘤切除术后患者有较高的尿路感染风险,革兰阴性菌是主要的感染病原菌,年龄、基础疾病、肿瘤位点、术前导尿管留置等是影响因素,这类患者应引起临床高度重视。     

Atypical cutaneous γδ T cell proliferation with morphologic features of lymphoma but with clinical features and course of PLEVA or lymphomatoid papulosis

Reactive lymphoid infiltrates of the skin composed predominantly of gamma‐delta (γδ) T cells are not well described in the literature. Herein we report a case of an otherwise healthy 4‐year‐old male who presented with a waxing and waning papular rash characterized by small, discrete crusted papules spread across his trunk, face and extremities. Clinical evaluation revealed no evidence of systemic disease. Microscopic examination revealed a dermal, perivascular infiltrate of highly atypical lymphocytes with a γδ T cell phenotype, worrisome for primary cutaneous γδ T cell lymphoma. The clinical course, however, was that of a reactive condition and prompted consideration of a diagnosis of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) and lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP). In many ways, this case defies current classification schemes and seems to expand the spectrum of reactive γδ T cell infiltrates of the skin.     

宣威地区与非宣威地区肺癌患者临床流行病学特征及病理类型特点分析

目的:分析宣威地区与非宣威地区的肺癌临床流行病学与病理特征。方法:以云南省肿瘤医院（昆明医科大学第三附属医院）2015年3月至2015年5月手术治疗的肺癌患者为研究对象，共295例，收集患者相关信息。将其分为宣威地区、非宣威地区进行统计。对患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，包含病理类型、年龄、性别、吸烟史等。结果:宣威地区、非宣威地区肺癌患者男女比例为1.19∶1和1.69∶1。宣威地区患者平均年龄为［53.41±8.74(34~85)］岁，中位年龄53岁。非宣威地区肺癌患者平均年龄为［58.68±8.63(38~78)］岁，中位年龄59岁。宣威地区肺癌高发年龄为40~59岁段。宣威地区I期肺癌患者占比、T1期肺癌患者占比、N0期肺癌患者占比均高于非宣威地区。宣威地区男性腺癌鳞癌比远高于非宣威地区，差异有显著统计学意义。结论:宣威地区女性肺癌发病率更高，发病年龄更趋年轻化，腺癌比例高，吸烟与宣威地区男性腺癌高发关系不密切。     

EBUS-TBNA超声内镜对纵隔肿大淋巴结良恶性的鉴别诊断价值

目的:分析超声内镜引导下经支气管针吸活检(endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration，EBUS-TBNA)术中肿大纵隔淋巴结的超声图像特点，探讨EBUS-TBNA超声内镜对纵隔淋巴结良恶性的鉴别诊断价值，以期提高EBUS-TBNA对纵隔淋巴结恶性病变的活检率。方法:回顾性分析2014年10月至2018年11月行EBUS-TBNA患者的超声内镜图像。我们使用以下EBUS超声内镜特征来预测淋巴结的良恶:回声，长轴长度，短轴长度，纵横比，形态，边界，淋巴门有无，淋巴结内血流信号分级。将超声检查结果与最终病理结果或临床随访结果进行比较。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计学分析，采用logistic回归分析评价肿大淋巴结EBUS-TBNA超声内镜下的特征与良恶性的相关性，以 P<0.05 为标准判定差异有统计学意义。结果:对130例纵隔淋巴结肿大患者的227个淋巴结进行回顾性分析，67.4%的肿大淋巴结被证实为恶性转移。Logistic回归分析显示回声、长轴及短轴的长度、正常淋巴门结构的消失是诊断恶性淋巴结的独立预测因素。结论:纵隔恶性淋巴结具有一定的超声特征，可以通过这些超声特征提高EBUS-TBNA对纵隔恶性淋巴结的检出率。     

喉癌患者PAC-1、CD62P表达与临床病理特征和复发的关系

目的探讨喉癌患者血小板表面血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa纤维蛋白原受体(PAC-1)、血小板P-选择素(CD62P)阳性表达率以及与患者临床病理特征和复发的关系。方法选取2014年1月~2015年12月间在我院耳鼻喉科手术治疗的116例喉癌患者,随访≥2年,并选取同期在我院体检的健康人群60例为对照组,采用流式细胞仪检测法检测外周血PAC-1和CD62P阳性率,并分析与临床病理特征、复发的关系。结果喉癌患者PAC-1和CD62P阳性表达率分别为(17.82±1.76)%和(22.87±3.13)%,明显高于健康人群(P<0.05);而且在喉癌患者PAC-1表达和CD62P表达呈正相关性(r=0.238,P<0.05)。T3-T4分期或N2-N3分期患者PAC-1和CD62P阳性表达率高于T1-T2分期或N0-N1分期患者(P<0.05)。另外远处转移组PAC-1和CD62P阳性表达率高于未发生转移组(P<0.05);随访期间有24例患者复发,复发率为20.69%。复发喉癌患者PAC-1、CD62P阳性表达率分别为(17.02±0.85)%和(21.84±1.17)%,明显高于未复发的喉癌患者(P<0.05)。经Logistics回归分析,PAC-1和CD62P是喉癌患者复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论PAC-1和CD62P阳性表达率与喉癌患者T分期、淋巴结转移和远处转移密切相关,同时可作为喉癌局部复发、区域淋巴结转移、远处转移的预测指标。     

1p31.1 microdeletion including only NEGR1 gene in two patients

Neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecule subgroup IgLON, has been involved in neuronal growth and connectivity. Genetic variants, in or near the NEGR1 locus, have been associated with obesity and, more recently, with learning difficulties, intellectual disability, and psychiatric disorders.Here, we described the only second report of NEGR1 gene disruption in 1p31.1 microdeletion in two patients. Patient 1 is a 14-year-old female with neurological and psychiatric features present also in her family. Patient 2 is a 5-month-old infant showing global hypotonia as unique neurological features till now. This patient also carries 7p22.1 duplication, of paternal origin, that could be responsible for some malformations present in the child.We hypothesize a role of NEGR1 in producing the phenotype of our patients and compare them with other cases previously reported in the literature and DECIPHER database to better identify a possible genotype-phenotype correlation.     

乳腺癌缺氧诱导因子-1α、Ki-67表达与超声声像特征的关系

目的探讨乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中的缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、Ki-67蛋白的表达与超声声像特征的关系。方法对110例乳腺癌患者进行超声检查,观察患者的毛刺征、肿块形态、钙化灶形态和血流显像分级等。取110例乳腺癌患者的乳腺癌组织,免疫组化法检测HIF-1α、Ki-67蛋白的阳性表达率。分析不同超声声像特征乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中HIF-1α、Ki-67蛋白的表达情况。结果110例乳腺癌患者中,43例既存在Ki-67蛋白阳性表达又存在HIF-1α蛋白阳性表达,35例仅存在Ki-67蛋白阳性表达,13例仅存在HIF-1α蛋白阳性表达,Ki-67、HIF-1α蛋白阴性表达患者共19例。乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中Ki-67蛋白的阳性表达率为70.91%(78/110),HIF-1α蛋白的阳性表达率为50.91%(56/110)。不同肿块形态、钙化灶形态、血流显像分级乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中Ki-67蛋白阳性表达率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。不同血流显像分级乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中HIF-1α蛋白阳性表达率比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中HIF-1α的表达可能与血流显像分级有关,Ki-67的表达可能与肿块形态、钙化灶形态及血流显像分级有关。