EBUS-TBNA对上腔静脉综合征诊断价值分析

目的:探讨支气管内超声引导下经支气管针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)在上腔静脉综合征(SVCS)病因诊断中应用的可行性及价值。方法:选取接受EBUS-TBNA检查的17例初诊SVCS患者作为研究对象。采用Kishi评分系统评估其SVCS的严重程度。以最终病理诊断为金标准,结合其临床资料,对EBUS-TBNA在SVCS患者病因学诊断中的适用范围、效果及安全性做出评价。结果:17例患者共穿刺25个部位(包括右侧气管旁17个,隆突下5个,右侧肺门3个),各部位穿刺次数为1～3次,患者平均操作时间为(14.76±3.82)min。患者术前Kishi评分为2～6。术后30min时所有患者的Kishi评分与术前相同。16例(94.1%)通过EBUS-TBNA获得了恶性病理确诊,其中肺癌15例(88.2%),包括鳞癌2例,腺癌4例,小细胞癌9例;1例患者(5.9%)为无法确定来源的低分化癌。在EBUS-TBNA操作过程中,除3例(17.7%)患者需短暂提高吸氧流量外,未发生活动性出血、气胸等严重并发症。结论:对于SVCS患者,EBUS-TBNA可作为一种安全、可靠的微创病因诊断方法。     

支气管超声弹性成像技术对肺门及纵隔淋巴结良恶性鉴别诊断的临床价值*

目的: 探讨支气管超声弹性成像技术在肺门及纵隔淋巴结良恶性鉴别诊断中的临床价值。 方法: 选取2015年3月至2017年6月就诊于兰州大学第二医院行胸部CT提示肺门或纵隔淋巴结肿大,常规行经支气管镜超声引导针吸活检术（endobronchial ultrasound-guided tansbronchial needle aspiration,EBUS-TBNA）检查的68例患者,共穿刺121枚淋巴结,分别对目标淋巴结行支气管镜下超声及弹性成像检查,记录常规超声和弹性成像的各个参数。以EBUS-TBNA穿刺的病理结果作为诊断的“金标准”,计算常规超声和弹性成像各个参数的诊断敏感度和特异性,运用Logistic回归分析,评价对肿大淋巴结良恶性鉴别诊断的临床价值。 结果: 采用超声弹性成像蓝色面积的比例,作为鉴别诊断良恶性淋巴结的最佳诊断界值为0.6,诊断的准确率为87.10%,敏感度为89.20%,特异性为79.33%,阳性预测值为89.23%,阴性预测值为72.31%,受试者工作特征（receiver operator characteristic,ROC）曲线下面积为0.902,诊断价值明显高于常规超声下各参数和弹性评分;Logistic回归分析显示肺门和纵隔肿大淋巴结中影响其良恶性的主要因素为超声下病变短径、边界、回声均匀、血供及弹性成像蓝色面积的比例。 结论: 超声弹性成像蓝色面积的比例对肺门和纵隔淋巴结良恶性的鉴别诊断以及精准引导EBUS-TBNA操作具有较高的临床价值。      

超声在鉴别诊断良恶性肿大淋巴结中的临床价值

目的探讨超声在良恶性肿大淋巴结中的鉴别诊断价值.方法本组89例,应用高频率的彩色多谱勒超声检查肿大淋巴结的形态及内部回声、纵横比(L/T)、彩色多谱勒血流显像(CDFI)及阻力指数(RI)的频谱特征.结果高分辨率和彩色多谱勒超声有助于良恶性淋巴结的鉴别.38例良性肿大淋巴结组中约85%的L/T值＞2,测值为2.01±0.22,淋巴结皮质约65%呈向心性增宽,CDFI示血流信号主要存在于淋巴门处,RI为0.63±0.08;36例恶性肿大淋巴结组中约86%的L/T＜2,测值为1.46±0.22,淋巴结皮质约69%呈偏心性增宽,CDFI示血流信号多呈不规则的紊乱信号,RI为0.70±0.09.两项指标比较差异均有显著性(P<0.05).结论彩色多谱勒超声对肿大淋巴结良恶性的鉴别诊断具有较好的应用价值,可作为首选方法.     

针吸活检对肺癌伴肺门纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断价值

背景与目的经支气管针吸活检(transbronchial needle aspiration,TBNA)和经支气管超声引导针吸活检(endobronchial ultrasound-guided TBNA,EBUS-TBNA)是用于诊断纵隔淋巴结病变的最新检查方法。本研究旨在评价TBNA和EBUS-TBNA对肺癌伴肺门纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断价值及安全性。方法对CT检查疑似肺癌但管腔内无明显新生物且肺门纵隔淋巴结肿大的250例患者行TBNA后行活检或刷检,15例疑似肺癌患者行EBUS-TBNA。结果180例患者TBNA、刷检和活检确诊为肺癌,阳性率分别为82.86%、51.24%和45.45%。15例EBUS-TBNA的阳性率为91.67%。结论TBNA和EBUS-TBNA检查安全性好,准确率高,对肺癌伴肺门纵隔淋巴结转移的患者有较高的诊断价值。     

经纤维支气管镜针吸活检对纵隔肿大淋巴结的诊断价值

目前 ,经纤维支气管镜针吸活检 (ＴＢＮＡ )在临床上应用越来越广泛 ,纤维支气管镜的检查范围也从单纯的评价气道内病变扩展到纵隔腔内。我们在 1999年 11月至 2 0 0 1年 12月期间 ,对经ＣＴ扫描发现纵隔隆突附近淋巴结 (前隆突淋巴结 ,后隆突肿大淋巴结 ,隆突下淋巴结 ,右气管     

超声支气管镜引导下经支气管针吸活检对纵隔恶性肿瘤的病理诊断

目的探讨超声支气管镜引导下的经支气管针吸活检（endobronchial ultrasound—guided transbronchial needle aspiration，EBUS—TBNA）在纵隔恶性肿瘤诊断中的价值。方法对2011年8月1日至2013年2月28日期间胸部cT诊断的148例纵隔肿瘤患者，病理诊断证实为恶性肿瘤的129例阳性患者的EBUS—TBNA检查资料总结，探讨其穿刺成功率及诊断敏感性。结果获得EBUS．TBNA阳性诊断的129例患者纵隔恶性肿瘤在扫查和活检中均能清晰显示，准确引导，118例取得阳性诊断，11例假阴性，穿刺成功率100％，诊断敏感性91．47％；无并发症发生。结论EBUS．TBNA是纵隔肿瘤确诊和新辅助化疗疗效评价的安全、实用性技术。     

纵隔镜与EBUS-TBNA对肺癌诊断和分期价值的比较研究

背景与目的支气管镜超声引导针吸活检术(endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspira-tion,EBUS-TBNA)逐渐普及,但其对肺癌的术前分期和纵隔肿物的诊断价值尚待探讨。本研究拟对比研究EBUS-TBNA和纵隔镜的诊断效能,期望为理性的选择应用提供客观依据。方法收集2009年7月-2012年12月纵隔镜检查术患者361例,其中肺癌199例,纵隔肿物162例;EBUS-TBNA患者348例,其中肺癌216例,纵隔肿物132例。比较两种方法的诊断结果和相关指标,分析二者对肺癌术前分期和纵隔肿物诊断的临床应用价值。结果以石蜡病理学诊断为金标准,纵隔镜检查术的诊断准确性为98.33%,敏感性98.17%,特异性100%;EBUS-TBNA的准确性为90.80%,敏感性90.00%,特异性100%。两者对肺癌的诊断和分期效能无明显差异(P>0.05),纵隔镜对纵隔肿物的诊断效能较高(P<0.05)。结论纵隔镜和EBUS-TBNA对肺癌具有相似的的术前诊断和分期作用,但对纵隔肿物的诊断效能则以纵隔镜检查术为高。     

经气管镜超声引导针吸活检术（EBUS-TBNA）诊断纵膈淋巴结的初步应用

背景与目的:经气管镜超声引导针吸活检术(endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration,EBUS-TBNA)是用于诊断纵隔淋巴结等病变的最新微创检查方法.本研究旨在评价EBUS-TBNA用于纵隔淋巴结定性诊断的价值.方法:2009年4月1日-2009年7月16日之间,共计20例纵隔淋巴结肿大患者接受EBUS-TBNA检查.总结穿刺结果,评价该方法的应用价值.结果:20例患者共穿刺淋巴结37组,穿刺成功率100%,未发生并发症.EBUS-TBNA检查总体准确率90.00%(其中上皮性癌诊断准确率100%),灵敏度84.62%,特异度100%,阳性预测值100%,阴性预测值77.78%.每组淋巴结平均操作时间为11.9 min.20例患者术后住院1～17 d,中位住院1 d.前3例患者各组平均操作时间为36.25 min,后17例患者各组平均操作时间为7.76 min,两者差异具有显著性(z-=3.247,P=0.001).结论:EBUS-TBNA检查安全性好,准确率高,是用于纵隔淋巴结定性诊断的较好方法.     

超声引导下空芯针和针吸活检对乳腺癌内乳淋巴结诊断价值的比较

  目的  评估超声引导下空芯针活检(core needle biopsy,CNB)和针吸活检(fine needle aspiration,FNA)对乳腺癌内乳淋巴结（internal mammary node,IMN）转移的诊断价值。  方法  回顾性分析2012年5月至2020年10月河北医科大学第四医院496例行超声引导下IMN穿刺的乳腺癌患者临床资料,其中CNB组374例、FNA组122例,采用一致性Kappa检验分析CNB、FNA的诊断效能,计算诊断的敏感度、特异度等指标。亚组分析不同大小及类型IMN的CNB、FNA诊断效能及影响标本满意度的因素。  结果  CNB组和FNA组穿刺标本不满意度分别为5.6%（21/374）和3.3%（4/122）,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。剔除不满意标本后比较CNB、FNA的诊断效能,其Kappa值分别为0.817、0.907。亚组分析显示IMN厚径<0.5 cm组和0.5~0.9 cm组中,CNB、FNA的Kappa值分别为0.877、1.000和0.772、0.783（均P<0.01）;IMN厚径≥1.0 cm组中,CNB组的假阴性率为3.4%（1/29）,FNA组无假阴性。  结论  对于IMN定性诊断,FNA诊断效能更高,由于IMN一般较小且位置特殊,FNA也是更安全的穿刺方法。      

纵隔镜对单纯纵隔淋巴结肿大的诊断价值

  目的  探讨电视纵隔镜对诊断单纯纵隔淋巴结肿大的临床应用价值。  方法  对2004年5月至2010年4月行电视纵隔镜检查的138例单纯纵隔淋巴结肿大患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析, 男性90例, 女性48例; 年龄31~72岁, 平均年龄51.3岁。其中经颈部入路电视纵隔镜手术124例, 经胸骨旁入路电视纵隔镜手术14例。  结果  138例经过电视纵隔镜手术的病例均成功取得需要检测的组织, 活检成功率100%, 126例获得明确的病理诊断, 诊断率为91.3%, 其中恶性病变64例, 包括淋巴瘤20例, 原发灶不明转移癌44例; 良性疾病74例, 其中结节病34例, 纵隔淋巴结结核14例、淋巴结慢性炎症10例、巨淋巴细胞增生症4例, 肉芽肿性病变12例。术前临床诊断的正确率为27.5%。围手术期并发症6例。  结论  纵隔镜技术安全有效, 对单纯纵隔淋巴结肿大的诊断有确切的应用价值, 是某些疾病取得病理诊断的唯一途径。      

非小细胞肺癌患者术前EBUS-TBNA淋巴结分期与术后病理分期一致性探讨

目的:探索术前超声引导下支气管镜针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)淋巴结活检结果与术后病理结果的一致性。方法:回顾性纳入本院2013年1月至2017年12月期间符合纳入标准的、不符合排除标准的非小细胞肺癌患者。以术后病理为金标准,分析术前EBUS-TBNA淋巴结活检的敏感性和特异性等。结果:研究纳入了80例符合纳入标准、不符合排除标准的患者,平均年龄61.1岁,男性占73.8%,病理类型包括腺癌、鳞癌、腺鳞癌等。EBUS-TBNA未见明显并发症,对于全部103枚EBUS-TBNA活检淋巴结,EBUS-TBNA检测的敏感性为96.15%、特异性为100.00%、阳性预测值为100.00%、阴性预测值为89.29%。结论:EBUS-TBNA纵隔淋巴结活检是安全的,对于转移淋巴结判断的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均较高。     

Endoscopic ultrasound assessment and tissue acquisition of mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes

The differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lymph nodes (LNs) has a fundamental role in the characterization and staging of malignant conditions, as well as in subsequent patients’ management. All imaging modalities (i.e. computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) rely mainly on size; endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) criteria based on B-mode evaluation and Doppler features fail to adequately characterize with high specificity LNs nature. The introduction of EUS-elastography and contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS are useful techniques to increase the diagnostic yield in identifying metastatic LNs, to identify which suspicious LN should require pathological characterization and, finally, to target tissue acquisition. EUS-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) is increasingly being used for diagnosing lymphadenopathy whenever the characterization modifies patients’ subsequent management and when no superficial LN is accessible. Since target therapy are currently available (i.e. lung cancer, breast cancer), EUS-TA of malignant LNs could be required to identify tumor biology. In this field, both fine needle aspiration and biopsy needles are able to guarantee accurate results with almost perfect specificity and sub-optimal sensitivity. We finally propose a diagnostic algorithm based on most recent, high-level evidence for the diagnostic approach to suspected LNs assessment.     

The utility of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphoproliferative disorders

BACKGROUND:

Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) biopsy is routinely used to stage lung cancer; however, its usefulness in diagnosing lymphoproliferative disorders has not been well established. In this retrospective study, we determined the utility of EBUS‐TBNA in evaluating mediastinal lymphadenopathy in patients with suspected lymphoproliferative disorders.

METHODS:

The authors searched the pathology database at their institution to identify all patients who had undergone EBUS‐TBNA biopsy for possible lymphoproliferative disorders. The cytologic diagnoses were correlated with concurrent and subsequent biopsy findings and clinical follow‐up data.

RESULTS:

Of 886 lymph nodes evaluated by EBUS‐TBNA biopsy, 91 nodes from 33 patients (23 men and 10 women) were eligible. Fourteen patients had a history of lymphoma. Adequate material for diagnosis was obtained in 31 of 34 procedures (1 patient had 2 procedures). The cytologic diagnoses of the 31 adequate procedures included 19 with benign disease (8 reactive lymph nodes and 11 granulomatous inflammation), 8 with lymphoma (2 large B‐cell, 2 small lymphocytic, 2 Hodgkin, 1 mantle cell, and 1 T‐cell lymphoblastic), 2 with cells suspicious for Hodgkin lymphoma, and 2 cases with atypical cells.

CONCLUSIONS:

EBUS‐TBNA proved to be useful for evaluating mediastinal lymphadenopathy in patients with suspected lymphoproliferative disorders. Its use may decrease the need for invasive diagnostic procedures. Immediate assessment is valuable in these cases because of the need to triage material for immunophenotyping or other studies to determine optimal and clinically meaningful diagnoses. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society     

Current applications and future prospects of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of locoregional lymph nodes in the management of breast cancer

Staging of disease is routine in the evaluation of patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer. Assessment of palpable and/or nonpalpable locoregional lymph nodes is an important component of the initial staging. Ultrasound (US) is the favored imaging modality for the initial investigation of lymph nodes and results in a significant increase in the specificity of the overall evaluation when used in conjunction with fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). This review provides a concise summary, based on published literature, of the current applications and future prospects of FNA biopsy of locoregional lymph nodes in the initial staging and subsequent surgical management of patients with breast cancer. Patients undergo either sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy or complete axillary lymph node dissection, based on whether the axillary lymph node status is determined to be negative or positive in the initial staging process. The status of lymph nodes in the supraclavicular, infraclavicular, and internal mammary regions provides more accurate staging information and also impacts subsequent surgical management. The identification and evaluation of intramammary lymph nodes can add value in the overall assessment of patients with breast cancer. The feasibility of noninvasive imaging modalities for SLN mapping in animal models has indicated a good potential for FNA biopsy in the subsequent investigation of SLNs identified noninvasively in humans. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Maximizing the yield of lymph node cytology: Lessons learned from rapid onsite evaluation of image- and endoscopic-guided biopsies of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes

The evaluation of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes for tissue diagnosis and staging of lung cancer is now commonly performed by minimally invasive, nonsurgical procedures such as computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration. Ensuring that a sufficient quantity of cellular material has been acquired to enable multiple studies has become a priority issue in the era of personalized medicine, especially for patients with lung cancer, and this can be accomplished by rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE). This commentary focuses on the use of ROSE in guided procedures, especially for hilar and mediastinal lymph node aspirates, and describes an algorithm for handling these specimens.     

高频彩色多普勒超声联合超声造影在乳腺癌腋下转移性淋巴结鉴别诊断中的应用

目的:探讨高频彩色多普勒超声联合超声造影对乳腺癌腋下转移性淋巴结鉴别诊断的价值.方法:收集2017年1月至2018年6月入住我院并经病理证实的女性乳腺癌患者87例,转移淋巴结患者45例,未转移患者42例,所有患者术前均行高频彩色多普超声检查和超声造影检查,对高频彩色多普超声检查和超声造影检查的诊断结果进行分析.结果:乳...     

The role of ultrasound and ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of lymph nodes in patients with skin tumours

Background

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound (US) in the study of superficial lymph nodes during the follow-up of patients surgically treated for skin tumours. The secondary objective was to compare positive cytological results with histological reports.

Patients and methods

From 2004 to 2011, 480 patients (male/female: 285/195; median age 57 years; prevalent skin tumour: melanoma) underwent US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of suspicious recurrent lymph nodes. An expert radiologist first performed US testing of the lymph nodes, expressing either a negative or positive outcome of the test. Subsequently, US-guided FNAB was performed. FNAB positive patients were subjected to lymphadenectomy; the patients who tested negative underwent the follow-up.

Results

The size of lymph nodes was ≤ 2 cm in 90% of cases. Out of the 336 (70%) US “positive” patients, 231 (68.8%) were FNAB positives. Out of the 144 (30%) US “negatives”, 132 (91.7%) were FNAB negatives. The sensitivity and specificity of the US were 95% and 55.7%, respectively; the negative predictive value was 91.7% and the positive predictive value was 68.8%. Definitive histological results confirmed FNAB positivity in 97.5% of lymphadenectomies.

Conclusions

US is a sensitive method in the evaluation of superficial lymph nodes during the follow-up of patients with skin tumours. High positive predictive value of cytology was confirmed.     

超声诊断胃癌淋巴结转移的价值

淋巴结转移是胃癌转移的主要方式,也是评价胃癌分期、影响胃癌治疗及预后的独立危险因素。临床上多用MSCT来评估胃癌的淋巴结转移,但综合目前已发表的文献来看,其准确性、敏感性和特异性不能满足胃癌术前分期准确性的临床要求。缺乏统一诊断标准和大规模的临床研究数据,以及CT对软组织辨别的限制是个中的主要原因。得益于超声设备硬件和软件技术的日益进步,胃癌诊断、治疗与随诊的超声检查水平一直在不断地提高。本文就当前胃癌的研究热点,综合评价不同的超声检查方法,着重于超声新技术在诊断胃癌淋巴结转移的研究现状,对其临床意义进行客观性评价。