宫颈癌图像引导三维近距离后装治疗中国专家共识

近年来宫颈癌三维近距离治疗(BT)技术在中国得到快速发展。与二维技术相比,宫颈癌图像引导的三维BT技术可以提高局控率、生存率。三维BT要求用体积剂量参数评价治疗靶区及危及器官受量,探索体积剂量参数与局控率、并发症发生率之间关系。BT开始时肿瘤残留体积及形状与局控率有明确相关性,应当结合MRI、超声、妇科检查结果,综合判断残留肿瘤体积。腔内联合组织间插植技术可以改善靶区剂量分布。严格遵守靶区勾画、体积剂量原则以及质控要求。为规范其应用,中华医学会放射治疗学分会近距离治疗学组、中国医师协会放射肿瘤分会妇科肿瘤学组、中国抗癌协会近距离治疗专委会结合中国国情联合制定此专家共识。     

锥形束CT图像引导下真空垫固定乳腺癌术后放疗摆位误差分析

目的研究锥形束CT(CBCT)图像引导下真空垫固定乳腺癌术后放疗的摆位误差。方法回顾性分析2018年3月至2019年11月郑州大学附属郑州中心医院收治的已接受乳腺癌手术治疗的108例患者的临床资料。所有患者在真空垫固定下接受CBCT图像引导放疗,获取摆位图像,输出三维方向纠正前后及放疗后摆位误差,并进行摆位误差分析。结果纠正后三维方向摆放误差均低于纠正前(P<0.05);纠正后与治疗后三维方向摆位误差比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对真空垫固定乳腺癌术后放疗采用CBCT图像引导,可实现及时在线校正,减少摆位误差,提高放疗精确性。     

Clinical Experience of Glioma Surgery Using "Tailed Bullet": Overcoming the Limitations of Conventional Neuro-Navigation Guided Surgery

PurposeAlthough conventional neuro-navigation is a useful tool for image-guided glioma surgery, there are some limitations, such as brain shift. We introduced our methods using an identifiable marker, a "tailed bullet", to overcome the limitation of conventional neuro-navigation. A tailed bullet is an identifiable tumor location marker that determines the extent of a resection and we have introduced our technique and reviewed the clinical results.ResultsGross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 71 patients (64.5%), subtotal resection in 36 patients (32.7%), and partial resection in 3 patients (2.7%). The overall survival (OS) duration of grade 3 and 4 gliomas were 20.9 (range, 1.2-82.4) and 13.6 months (range, 1.4-173.4), respectively. Extent of resection (GTR), younger age, and higher initial Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score were related to longer OS for grade-4 gliomas. There was no significant adverse event directly related to the use of tailed bullets.ConclusionConsidering the limitations of conventional neuro-navigation methods, the tailed bullets could be helpful during glioma resection. We believe this simple method is an easily accessible technique and overcomes the limitation of the brain shift from the conventional neuro-navigation. Further studies are needed to verify the clinical benefits of using tailed bullets.     

Whole-pelvic volumetric-modulated arc therapy for high-risk prostate cancer: treatment planning and acute toxicity

The objectives of this study were to evaluate dosimetric quality and acute toxicity of volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and daily image guidance in high-risk prostate cancer patients. A total of 100 consecutive high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with definitive VMAT with prophylactic whole-pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT) were enrolled. All patients were treated with a double-arc VMAT plan delivering 52 Gy to the prostate planning target volume (PTV), while simultaneously delivering 46.8 Gy to the pelvic nodal PTV in 26 fractions, followed by a single-arc VMAT plan delivering 26 Gy to the prostate PTV in 13 fractions. Image-guided RT was performed with daily cone-beam computed tomography. Dose–volume parameters for the PTV and the organs at risk (OARs), total number of monitor units (MUs) and treatment time were evaluated. Acute toxicity was assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. All dosimetric parameters met the present plan acceptance criteria. Mean MU and treatment time were 471 and 146 s for double-arc VMAT, respectively, and were 520 and 76 s for single-arc VMAT, respectively. No Grade 3 or higher acute toxicity was reported. Acute Grade 2 proctitis, diarrhea, and genitourinary toxicity occurred in 12 patients (12%), 6 patients (6%) and 13 patients (13%), respectively. The present study demonstrated that VMAT for WPRT in prostate cancer results in favorable PTV coverage and OAR sparing with short treatment time and an acceptable rate of acute toxicity. These findings support the use of VMAT for delivering WPRT to high-risk prostate cancer patients.     

Evaluating the safety profile of focused ultrasound and microbubble-mediated treatments to increase blood-brain barrier permeability

Introduction: Treatment of several diseases of the brain are complicated by the presence of the skull and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Focused ultrasound (FUS) and microbubble (MB)-mediated BBB treatment is a minimally invasive method to transiently increase the permeability of blood vessels in targeted brain areas. It can be used as a general delivery system to increase the concentration of therapeutic agents in the brain parenchyma.

Areas covered: Over the past two decades, the safety of using FUS+MBs to deliver agents across the BBB has been interrogated through various methods of imaging, histology, biochemical assays, and behavior analyses. Here we provide an overview of the factors that affect the safety profile of these treatments, describe methods by which FUS+MB treatments are controlled, and discuss data that have informed the assessment of treatment risks.

Expert opinion: There remains a need to assess the risks associated with clinically relevant treatment strategies, specifically repeated FUS+MB treatments, with and without therapeutic agent delivery. Additionally, efforts to develop metrics by which FUS+MB treatments can be easily compared across studies would facilitate a more rapid consensus on the risks associated with this intervention.     

图像引导对宫颈癌放疗中直肠、膀胱照射剂量的影响

目的 分析宫颈癌根治性外照射图像引导与否对直肠和膀胱受照剂量的影响,探讨IGRT技术合理应用的模式。方法 选取2012—2016年于陆军总院行HT的宫颈癌患者20例。每次治疗前均进行MVCT扫描,应用MVCT图像在HT的自适应模块上进行剂量重建,得到当次的受量,并模拟出该次无图像引导下的受量;将各单次剂量分布和对应的融合CT图像传输至形变软件MIM6.0中进行剂量叠加,得到总照射剂量。对比图像引导与否对直肠及膀胱受量和体积的影响。结果 无图像引导的Plan-2的直肠和膀胱受量均高于图像引导下的Plan-1,其中直肠Dmax、V50及膀胱V50均不同(P=0.040、0.000、0.047);分次间初次治疗的Dmax和V50及治疗第13~21次的直肠V50与Plan-1比差异有统计学意义(P=0.047、0.037,P=0.009、0.017、0.028),首次及21~23次放疗的膀胱Vmax、V50与Plan-1比接近有统计学意义(P=0.061、0.053,P=0.072、0.058)。结论 图像引导可以降低直肠和膀胱的受照剂量及体积,尤其是直肠从图像引导获益更大;建议外照射半量左右(13次左右),肿瘤退缩明显时段,重新定位修改治疗计划;对于难以实现全程图像引导的情况下,进行选择性的图像引导,也可以达到有效地降低直肠和膀胱损伤发生的效果。