微波配合序贯扩肛治疗陈旧性肛裂患者的临床分析

目的:探讨微波配合序贯扩肛治疗陈旧性肛裂的临床疗效。方法:选取陈旧性肛裂患者78例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各39例。对照组患者采用后卫内括约肌部分切断治疗,治疗组患者采用微波配合序贯扩肛治疗。结果:观察组患者术中出血量、切口愈合时间均少于对照组(P<0.05),并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:采用微波配合序贯扩肛治疗陈旧性肛裂,临床疗效显著。     

针刺配合肠炎散保留灌肠治疗肛窦炎临床研究

目的观察肛窦炎应用针刺配合肠炎散保留灌肠治疗的效果。方法选取2017年10月-2018年10月就诊的72例肛窦炎患者,采用随机数字表法分为观察组(n=36)与对照组(n=36)。对照组给予肠炎散保留灌肠治疗,观察组为针刺配合肠炎散保留灌肠治疗,比较2组症状、疗效及安全性。结果观察组症状(放射痛、指诊症状及镜检症状)少于对照组,总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组安全性相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论针对肛窦炎患者,予以针刺配合肠炎散保留灌肠治疗效果确切,可减少临床症状,加快疾病转归,且治疗安全性较好。     

肛管腺癌49例的临床特点及其治疗

目的 探讨肛管腺癌的临床特点和治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析我院1965年1月至2002年3月间收治的肛管腺癌共49例的临床资料。结果 男女比例1．3：1，平均年龄52岁，中位年龄56岁。肛门出血、便条变细和肛门肿物是最常见的症状。36．7％伴有慢性肛周疾病史。治疗后中位随访时间66个月。局部复发和腹股沟淋巴结转移各7例，肺转移2例，锁骨上淋巴结转移和纵隔转移各1例。单纯手术组、单纯放化疗组、综合治疗组（腹会阴联合切除加术后辅助放化疗）和无局部治疗组患者的3年总生存率分别是41，3％、20．0％、56．3％和15．0％，5年总生存率分别是34．4％、0、37．5％和0。结论 早期诊断是改善肛管腺癌预后的最基本保证，综合治疗是目前疗效较好的治疗手段。     

口内入路下颌角弧线形截骨术

目的:探索更好的下颌角肥大截骨缩小术式。方法:为获得更好的术后效果,我们采用口内入路下颌角弧形截骨术,将弧形截骨线延长到颏神经处,并对颏结节进行打磨,使截骨线延续流畅,伴小颏者同时行隆颏或颏截骨前移。结果:自2002年以来,我科采用口内入路下颌角长弧线形截骨术矫正320例下颌角肥大患者,均取得了良好的效果。结论:口内入路延长弧形截骨术缩小下颌角可以获得更好术后效果。     

IMPROVED BALLOON‐TIPPED TRANS‐ANAL ILEUS TUBE

Background: For management of bowel obstruction due to colorectal cancer, endoscopic trans‐anal decompression technique has been first reported by Lelcuk et al. in 1986 using balloon dilatation technique. Since then, various types of trans‐anal decompression tubes have been clinically used for patients suffering from left side obstructing colorectal cancer as an emergent decompressing device. At present, two types of trans‐anal ileus tube (trans‐anal decompression tube) have been available for clinical use, but they have two main problems that are late colon perforations caused by the tip of the tube and tube obstruction by stool. Methods: Analysis on three late colon perforations experienced with the use of conventional devices drew possible improvements to make a trans‐anal ileus tube less harmful. To overcome the pitfalls inherent to conventional tubes, the author has developed an improved trans‐anal ileus tube with a balloon installed at the very end of the tube (‘balloon‐tipped type’) made of silicone, measuring 1200 or 1700 mm in total length and 22 Fr in outer diameter. It has been used for 12 cases with obstructing colorectal cancer etc. and its outcomes were compared with those obtained by the use of conventional trans‐anal ileus tube. Results: No late perforations have been encountered, but tube obstruction did occur in one of 12 cases. Conclusion: The new trans‐anal ileus tube with a balloon installed at the tip of ileus tube is considered to be safer and especially effective in preventing late colon perforation and tube obstruction.     

Bowel dysfunction in patients with cauda equina lesions

Despite their serious sequels on bowel function, lesions of the cauda equina have not been previously systematically studied in larger patient populations. This was the aim of the present report. From the registrars of a diagnostic and rehabilitation centres 67 patients with clinical, electrodiagnostic and radiological findings supportive of the cauda equina lesions were recruited. The Slovene versions of the standard questionnaires for anal incontinence and constipation were used. The responses were scored, impairments categorized and previous treatments noted. Neurological examination, electromyography (EMG) of lumbo-sacral myotomes, quantitative anal sphincter EMG and electromyographic evaluation of the sacral reflex were performed. Severe anal incontinence/constipation was reported by 18%/0%, moderate by 36%/33%, and slight by 28%/43% of our patients. Twenty-one per cent of patients wore pads continuously and 14% occasionally. More than half of the patients (60%) reported changes in their lifestyle due to anal incontinence. No patient had completely normal findings on neurological examination. Perianal sensory loss correlated ( P  < 0.05) with anal incontinence and gender with constipation (women >men). Only two patients had received medical attention for bowel dysfunction. Study thus demonstrated significant bowel impairment in patients with lesions of the cauda equina, which has received insufficient medical attention.