A Pre-Protocol/Post-Protocol Quality Improvement Initiative Specific to One Hospital for Security of Pathologic Specimen

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to reduce errors in a pathologic specimen with the help of a protocol systematizing the pathology specimen management process in the operating room.Materials and methodThis quasi-experimental study was carried out in the operating room unit of a research and training hospital. A protocol systematizing the process of specimen management in secure surgical pathology and prepared in light of the current literature was used as an intervention, and the effectiveness of the protocol was tested.ResultsIt was determined that the rate of adverse events decreased from .3226% (68 of 21,078) to .032% (6 of 18,706) after the protocol systematizing the surgical pathology specimen management process prepared by the researchers, and the protocol was found to be effective by 90% (P = .03).ConclusionBased on the data obtained in this study, we recommend the use of a pathologic specimen management protocol in the operating room.     

Place et modalités de l’irradiation postopératoire dans la prise en charge des métastases cérébrales

Metastases are the most common brain tumors. After surgery, stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) of the resection cavity is the standard of care. Data from two randomized trials indicate that SRT to the surgical bed is an effective treatment in reducing local failure as compared with observation, while reducing the risk of cognitive deterioration and maintaining quality of life as compared with whole brain radiation therapy. Local control appears higher after hypofractionated SRT compared to single-fraction SRT. Several questions such as target volumes, the optimal regimen in particular for large tumor bed, strategies to reduce the risk of lepto-meningeal recurrence, and the treatment sequence still need to be answered.     

The role of National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAG) in strengthening health system governance: Lessons from three middle-income countries—Argentina,Jordan, and South Africa (2017–2018)

IntroductionToward the Global Vaccine Action Plan 2020 goal, almost 90% of countries have established a National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG). However, little is known about NITAG's contributions to governance.MethodsIn 2017–2018, a two-step, qualitative retrospective study was conducted. Jordan (JO), Argentina (AR), and South Africa (SA) were selected owing to government-financed NITAGs from middle-income countries (MICs), geographic diversity, and a vaccine introduction with NITAG support. Country case studies were developed, collecting data through desk review and face-to-face key informant interviews (KIIs) from Ministry of Health (MoH) and NITAG. Case studies were analyzed together, to assess governance applying the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies framework focusing on transparency, accountability, participation, integrity, and policy capacity (TAPIC).ResultsDocument review and 53 KII (22 AR, 20 SA, 11 JO) showed NITAGs played a pivotal role as advisors promoting a culture of evidence-informed policies. NITAGs strengthened governance, although practices varied among countries. Meetings were conducted behind-closed-doors, participation restricted to members, only in one country agendas, and recommendations were public (AR). To increase participation, policy capacity, and transparency, countries considered adding experts in communications, advocacy, and economics. AR and SA contemplated including community members. NITAGs functioned autonomously from the government, with no established internal or external monitoring or supervision. NITAG meeting minutes allowed the review of integrity, adherence to terms of reference, standard operating procedures, and conflict of interest (CoI). For the most part, NITAGs abided by their mandates. Significant issues were related to the level of MoH support and oversight of CoI declaration and documentation.ConclusionsSystematically implementing governance approaches could improve processes, better tailor policies, and implementation. The long-term survival and resilience of NITAGs in these countries showed they play a significant role in strengthening governance. Lessons learned could be useful to those promoting country-driven evidence-informed decision-making.     

南宁市江南区2019年登革热流行病学特征和疫情应急处置分析

目的 分析总结南宁市江南区2019年登革热流行病学特征和疫情应急处置的工作情况,为今后有效地防制登革热提供对策、参考和技术支持。方法 收集南宁市江南区2019年登革热疫情相关数据,评价本次应急处置的工作成效。结果 2019年南宁市江南区登革热疫情严峻,共报告登革热病例370例,其中输入病例4例,本地病例366例;感染人数以家务待业和离退休者居多;男女性别比为1∶1.12;发病年龄最小1岁,最大92岁;发病的空间分布呈现高度聚集,福建园街道占本城区本地病例的87.70%。早期伊蚊应急监测布雷图指数和账诱指数合格率偏低,分别为72.17%和62.61%。针对本次疫情特性,制定有针对性的防控策略,做好精准疫情应急处置,有效压低峰值,迅速控制了疫情的扩散和蔓延。结论 本次疫情是由输入性病例导致本地病例社区水平暴发,疫情呈现多点暴发及扩散蔓延态势。需做好疫情研判、预警预测,准确分析流行病学特征,尽早实施登革热应急处置,精准防控、孳生地处理、健康宣教和病例管理是应急处置的关键措施。     

在手术室护理教学中应用目标教学法的效果观察

目的探讨目标教学法在手术室护理教学中的应用效果。方法选取2017年10月-2018年10月期间80名手术室的实习护生,按照完全随机对照原则分组,对照组(n=40)采用传统带教法,观察组(n=40)采用目标教学法,分析技能操作考核成绩、护生对教学方式的满意度评分以及教师对学生表现的满意度评分。结果观察组技能操作考核成绩、护生对教学方式的满意度评分以及教师对学生表现的满意度评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在手术室护理教学中应用目标教学法效果较好,有助于护生将理论与实践更好地结合,进而有效提高实习质量以及护生的临床思维能力。     

手术室细节护理管理在医院感染控制中的应用评价

目的探讨手术室细节护理管理在医院感染控制中的应用效果。方法选定2017年1月-2018年3月该院收诊的160例手术室患者,按照管理方法的不同分为观察组(细节护理管理)80例与对照组(传统护理管理)80例,比较两组手术室患者的护理质量、并发症发生率、感染发生率、护理满意度、收缩压。结果观察组护理管理后的护理安全(82.23±6.14)分、体征监测(93.46±6.23)分、体位协助(87.32±4.65)分、器械准备(91.57±6.21)分、文书记录(90.24±4.92)分、护理满意率(98.75%)均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组护理管理后的并发症发生率(2.50%)、感染发生率(1.25%)、收缩压(121.37±6.26)mmHg均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论细节护理管理方法可有效提高手术室患者的护理满意度,减少其感染情况,值得推广使用。     

负压吸宫人流术中出血相关因素分析

目的：术中出血是负压吸宫流产的主要并发症之一。我们通过单因素及多因素分析了影响术中出血的主要因素,探讨减少术中出血的措施。方法：收集我院2005年1—3月门诊行负压吸宫人流术者共94例,测量术中出血量,分析年龄、孕龄、孕次、产次、术前宫深、术后宫深、局部麻醉方式以及手术时间对术中出血量的影响。结果：单因素及多因素分析均表明术前宫深、术后宫深、手术时间、孕龄与术中出血量显著正相关(P= 0．000)。结论：术前宫深、术后宫深、手术时间、孕龄是影响负压吸宫人流术中出血量的重要因素。选择合适的手术时机．术中适当应用催产素以及加快手术速度均有助于减少术中出血。     

苯甲酸钠喷雾沸腾造粒

本文介绍一种用流态化技术与喷雾干燥相结合的方法将苯甲酸钠溶液在流化床内完成蒸发、干燥与造粒。     

肝移植手术中的配合

自从 1 96 3年Starzl成功实施世界上第一例活体肝移植后 ,肝移植手术已经成为现代肝脏外科学领域里的一个比较实用、也比较时髦的手术及研究项目。结合我院已完成的 2例肝移植手术 ,简要介绍肝移植手术术前、术中及术后的相关问题 ,并介绍肝移植手术的主要步骤 ,叙述手术中的相关配合问题